• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2005

Phytoestrogens, especially Yak-kong or soybean-derived isoflavones have been traditionally used as a supplement of estrogen for preventing postmemopausal osteoporosis in oriental folk medicine. In our previous study, the treatment of Yak-kong and soybean increased estrogen receptor-a (ERa) expression and proliferation of MG-63 osteoblastic cells. In contrast, the increase of estrogen receptor-$\beta$ (ER$\beta$) expression in proliferating MG-63 cells with Yak-kong and soybean treatment was less pronounced, which suggested that ER$\beta$ may play a role rather in the regulation of bone cell differentiation To determine the role of ER$\beta$ in Yak-kong or soybean mediated regulation of bone cell differentiation, we established MG-63 cell lines stably expressing either ER$\beta$ or antisense ER$\beta$ RNAs. Increased expression of ER$\beta$ did not affect ERa expression and proliferation of MG-63 cells. However, increased expression of ER$\beta$ in MG-63 cells (ER$\beta$-MG63 cells) selectively enhanced Yak-kong or soybean induced expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a novel soluble glycoprotein which is secreted from osteoblasts and mediates the signal for osteoclast differentiation. Inhibition of ER$\beta$ expression by antisense ER$\beta$ RNAs (As-ER$\beta$-MG63) caused these cells to insensitize Yak-kong or soybean induced expression of OPG but increased MG-63 cell proliferation. Furthermore, the comparable effects between Yak-kong and the combined treatment of genistein and daidzein at $0.5{\times}l0^{-8}$ M, which is a concentration of these two isoflavones similar to Yak-kong at 0.001 mg/mL, on OPG expression in ER$\beta$-MG63 cell demonstrate that the enhanced expression of OPG with Yak-kong treatment is mediated by the synergistic effect of low leveled isoflavones in the extracts. Together, coupled with low level of ER expression in osteoclasts, our data demonstrate that ER$\beta$ in osteoblasts plays an important role in Yak-kong and soybean mediated inhibition of osteoclast differentiation indirectly by enhancing the expression of OPG.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2012

본 연구는 건강한 개에서 혈장 homocysteine농도가 비만이나 비만 관련인자(예, 지방, 인슐린, 혈당, 글루카곤, fructosamine)들과 어떤 상관관계가 있는지를 확인하기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위해, 절식시 혈당, 지방지수(예, total triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]과 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]), fructosamine, insulin 및 glucagon 농도를 각각 측정하였다. 실험에 사용된 개들은 body condition score (BCS)에 따라 분류하였다. 평균 혈장 homocysteine 농도는 비만한 개 집단이 정상이나 마른 개 집단에 비해 상당히 높았다. 또한 혈장 homocysteine농도는 HDL-C농도 뿐아니라 TG, TC, 혈장 glucagon 및 fructosamine 농도와도 밀접한 상관관계를 가지고 있었다. 반대로 LDL-C 농도, 절식시 혈당농도 및 insulin농도는 아무런 상관관계가 확인되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과, homocysteine의 농도 상승이 비만견에서 생물학적으로 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of different storage periods of lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented low moisture fresh rice straw silage. The low moisture fresh rice straw sample was inculcated with LAB and stored for different storage periods such as 45, 90, and 365 days, respectively. The low moisture fresh rice straw (LMFRS) silage inoculated with LAB exhibited reduction in pH throughout the fermentation as compared with the control (P<0.05). The lactic acid content was increased at the late fermentation period (90 and 365 days, respectively) in LAB inoculated LMFRS silage as compared with the control (P<0.05). In contrast, the acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations were slightly reduced in the LAB inoculated LMFRS silage sample at 90 and 365 days fermentation, respectively. Meanwhile, the non-inoculated LMFRS silage showed higher amounts of acetic acid and butyric acid at an extended fermentation with low bacterial population as compared with the LAB inoculated LMFRS silage. However, lactic acid concentration was slightly high in the non-inoculated LMFRS silage at early 45 days fermentation. Additionally, the nutrient profile such as crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and total digestibility nutrients (TDN) were not significantly different in control and LAB inculcated samples during all fermentation. Though, the microbial population was greater in the LAB inoculated LMFRS silage as compared with the control. However, the massive population was noted in the LAB inoculated LMFRS silage during all fermentation. It indicates that the inoculated LAB is the main reason for increasing fermentation quality in the sample through pH reduction by organic acids production. Overall results suggest that the LAB inoculums are the effective strain that could be a suitable for LMFRS silage fermentation at prolonged days.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.664-669
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• 2019

연표법은 대나무통과 아교수를 이용해 안료를 제조하는 방법이다. 연표법에 따른 안료의 제조과정을 과학적으로 규명하기 위해 1%, 5%, 10%의 아교수를 적용하여 안료를 제조하고, 아교수의 농도에 따른 안료제조 특성을 분석하였다. 안료제조 과정은 크게 정치단계와 건조단계로 나눌 수 있는데, 정치단계에서 비교적 큰 입자들의 침전이 이루어지고, 건조단계에서는 작은 입자들의 침전이 이루어진다. 건조단계에서 형성되는 층위의 경우 아교수의 농도에 상관없이 거의 유사한 형태를 보이지만, 정치단계에서 형성되는 안료 층위의 경우는 아교수의 농도가 낮은 경우에는 입자들이 혼재되고 층위형성이 어려운 반면 아교수 농도가 높아질수록 안료의 입도별 층위형성이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 아교수의 농도에 따른 점성도의 차이가 안료 입자의 침강속도에 영향을 미치며, 이로 인해 안료 층위의 형성 및 안료 제조에도 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 고농도인 10% 아교수를 적용하여 입자의 침강속도를 감소시키는 것이 안료 층위의 형성 및 안료제조에 보다 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.359-362
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• 2005

Bacillus licheniformis는 장내 균총을 개선하는데 유용한 물질이다. 본 연구의 목포는 B. licheniformis의 낮은 pH (pH 2, 3, 4, 6, 7), 인공 담즙산, 높은 농도의 염 (0. 5, 10, 20, $30\%$) 그리고 에탄올 (0, 4, 3, 16, $32\%$)에 대한 안정성을 확인하려고 한다. B. licheniformis는 pH 3, 4, 6, 7에서 안정적인 생존율을 보였다. B. llicheniformis의 담즙 내에서의 최종 생존율은 $25\%$ 이하로 확인되었다. 높은 농도의 염에서는 B. licheniformis는 $10\%$의 염에서 최적 생존율을 보였다. licheniformis의 에탄올이 포함되지 않은 것에 비해 에탄올이 4, 8, 16, $32\%$ 포함된 것에서 $95\%$ 이상의 생존율을 보였다. 그러므로 B. licheniformis가 pH 3, 4, 6, 7, 높은 농도의 염, 에탄올에서 안정하나 pH 2와 담즙산에서 불안정하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2002

퇴적물 내 황화물(acid volatile sulfide, AVS)이 저서 생물의 금속 생물 축적 및 독성 반응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 이해하기 위해서 해양 다모류인 Neanthes arenaceodentata를 이용한 퇴적물 노출실험을 수행하였다. 이를 위해서 세 개의 다른 AVS 농도군에 대조구를 포함한 다섯 개의 농도 구배로 Cd, Ni, Zn를 오염시킨 퇴적물에서 N. arenaceodentata를 20일간 배양한 후 실험생물의 체내 금속 축적량과 그에 따른 사망률 및 성장률을 조사하였다. N. arenaceodentata에 의한 금속의 생물축적은 Cd과 Zn의 경우 AVS 농도의 영향을 받아서 해수(overlying water, OW)내 용존 금속 농도에 비례해서 증가했다. Ni은 AVS농도에 영향을 받지 않고 퇴적물 내 금속(simultaneously extracted metals. SEM)농도에 비례해서 증가했다. N. arenaceodentata의 사망과 성장률 저해현상은 SEM과 AVS 간의 몰농도차가 영보다 큰 조건(［SEM-AVS］>0)에서만 관찰되었는데 용존 Zn에 의한 결과로 추정되었다. OW-Zn의 20-d LC50값은 9.3(8.0$\pm$11.0) $\mu$M이었다. 사망률에 대한 체내 Zn 농도의 최소영향농도(LOEC)는 7.8 $\mu$mol/g이었고, 최대무영향농도(NOEC)는 6.2$\mu$mol/g이었다. 성장률 저해에 대한 체내 Zn 농도의 LOEC는 5.9$\mu$mol/g이었고, NOEC은5.1 $\mu$mol/g토이었다. 본 실험에서는 실험실 조건에서 인위적으로 오염시킨 퇴적물 내 Zn의 입자상 Zn 농도와 용존 Zn농도의 비 (K$_{d}$ )가 현장 퇴적물에 비해서 10배 정도 감소함으로써 결국 용존 Zn에 의한 독성이 과대평가된 것으로 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2018

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of different levels of protein concentrate supplementation on the growth performance of yak calves, and correlated the growth rate to changes occurring in the plasma- amino acids, -insulin profile, and signaling activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade to characterize the mechanism through which the protein synthesis can be improved in early weaned yaks. Methods: For this study, 48 early (3 months old) weaned yak calves were selected, and assigned into four dietary treatments according to randomized complete block design. The four blocks were balanced for body weight and sex. The yaks were either grazed on natural pasture (control diet) in a single herd or the grazing yaks was supplemented with one of the three protein rich supplements containing low (17%; LP), medium (19%; MP), or high (21%; HP) levels of crude proteins for a period of 30 days. Results: Results showed that the average daily gain of calves increased (0.14 vs 0.23-0.26 kg; p<0.05) with protein concentrates supplementation. The concentration of plasma methionine increased (p<0.05; 8.6 vs $10.1-12.4{\mu}mol/L$), while those of serine and tyrosine did not change (p>0.05) when the grazing calves were supplemented with protein concentrates. Compared to control diet, the insulin level of calves increased (p<0.05; 1.86 vs $2.16-2.54{\mu}IU/mL$) with supplementation of protein concentrates. Addition of protein concentrates up-regulated (p<0.05) expression of mTOR-raptor, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting 34 homolog, the translational regulators eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, and S6 kinase 1 genes in both Longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus. In contrast, the expression of sequestosome 1 was down-regulated in the concentrate supplemented calves. Conclusion: Our results show that protein supplementation improves the growth performance of early weaned yak calves, and that plasma methionine and insulin concentrations were the key mediator for gene expression and protein deposition in the muscles.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.200-211
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• 1995

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of temperature and humidity on the sampling efficiency of mixed organic vapors of l,2-DCE, benzene, and MIBK by 3 different types of diffusion monitors. Independent variables used for the study were temperatures ($25^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$), humidities (30%, 80%), and vapor concentrations (low, medium, and high). In addition, vapor concentrations measured by the traditional charcoal tube method were used as reference values and were compared with those of by diffusion monitors. The results were as follows: 1. The desorption efficiencies(DE) of 1,2-DCE and benzene from charcoal tubes and from diffusion monitors ranged from 98% to 105%. In contrast, the DEs of MIBK from charcoal tubes and diffusion monitors except DM1 ranged from 71% to 85%. The DE of MIBK from DM1 was 98%. 2. No statistically significant differences of 1,2-DCE concentrations and the sampling efficiencies regardless of temperatures and humidities studied between charcoal tube and 3 diffusion monitors were found. 3. At 80% humidity, increasing frequencies of 1,2-DCE breakthrough at higher temperature and higher vapor concentration measured by charcoal tubes were observed. 4. No statistically significant difference of benzene concentrations were found between charcoal tube and diffusion monitors except DM3. The sampling efficiencies of DM3 were statistically significantly lower at all experimental conditions except the $35^{\circ}C$ and 30% humidity condition. 5. No statistically significant difference of MIBK concentrations were found between charcoal tube and diffusion monitors except DM3. The sampling efficiencies of DM3 were statistically significantly higher at higher humidity conditions regardless of temperature. Although statistically not significant, sampling efficiency of MIBK showed positive correlation with humidity while negative correlation with concentration was observed. 6. For sampling 1,2-DCE and benzene, no significant variations of concentrations among three diffusion monitors regardless of temperature and humidity conditions were found. For MIBK sampling, however, wide variations with increasing humidity among diffusion monitors were obtained. In conclusion, this study suggests that diffusion monitors will be a reasonables substitute for the traditional charcoal tubes for sampling non-polar organic vapors at temperature and humidity conditions studied. For polar organic vapors, use of an alternative desorption solution other than CS2 is recommended because of its low desorption efficiency. In addition, since variable among diffusion monitors for polar organic vapors particularly at higher humidity conditions were observed, further study is recommended of the effects of humidity on the performance of diffusion monitors.

• 육가공
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• 통권34호겨울호
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• pp.26-39
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• 2007

본 실험은 소금 및 GdL의 첨가가 세척 및 가압 처리된 재구성육의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 실시되었다. 소금 및 GdL의 첨가는 재구성육의 결착강도를 현저하게 증가시켰고, 저염농도 또는 소금이 무첨가 되어도 소량의 GdL의 첨가에 의한 결착강도의 향상을 기대할 수 있었다. 그러나 GdL의 첨가는 색도를 가열처리와 유사하게 변색시켰고, 이러한 변색은 GdL의 증가와 더불어 현저하였다. 그러나 이들 단점은 세척이나 기타 첨가물에 의하여 향상시킬 수 있으리라 판단되었다. 따라서 본 실험의 결과에 의하면 소량의 소금 및 GdL의 조합을 통하여 바람직한 결착강도 및 변색 저하를 기대할 수 있었고, 첨가된 인산염과 carrageenan에 의한 보수력의 향상 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4571-4576
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanism of triptolide on cultured human endometrial carcinoma HEC-1B cells and corresponding xenograft. Materials and Methods: For in vitro studies, the inhibition effect of proliferation on HEC-1B cell by triptolide was determined by MTT assay; cell cycle and apoptosis of the triptolide-treated and untreated cells were detected by flow cytometry. For in vivo studies, a xenograft tumor model of human endometrial carcinoma was established using HEC-1B cells, then the tumor-bearing mice were treated with high, medium, and low-dose ($8{\mu}g$, $4{\mu}g$ and $2{\mu}g/day$) triptolide or cisplatin at $40{\mu}g/day$ or normal saline as control. The mice were treated for 10-15 days, during which body weight of the mice and volume of the xenograft were weighted. Then expression of Bcl-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was analyzed by SABC immunohistochemistry. Results: Cell growth was significantly inhibited by triptolide as observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope; the results of MTT assay indicated that triptolide inhibits HEC-1B cell proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner; flow cytometry showed that low concentration (5 ng/ml) of triptolide induces cell cycle arrest of HEC-1B cells mainly at S phase, while higher concentration (40 or 80 ng/ml) induced cell cycle arrest of HEC-1B cells mainly at G2/M phase, and apoptosis of the cells was also induced. High-dose triptolide showed a similar tumor-inhibitory effect as cisplatin (-50%); high-dose triptolide significantly inhibited Bcl-2 and VEGF expression in the xenograft model compared to normal saline control (P<0.05). Conclusions: triptolide inhibits HEC-1B cell growth both in vitro and in mouse xenograft model. Cell cycle of the tumor cells was arrested at S and G2/M phase, and the mechanism may involve induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.