• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.56.1-56.1
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• 2011

To understand the effect of the initial rotation for tidally bounded clusters with mass spectrum, we performed N-body simulations for the clusters with different degrees of initial rotation and compared to Fokker-Planck results. We confirmed that the cluster evolution is accelerated by the initial rotation as well as the mass spectrum. For the slowly rotating models, the time evolution of mass, energy and angular momentum show good agreements between N-body and Fokker-Planck calculations. On the other hand, for the rapidly rotating models, there are significant differences between two approaches at the beginning of the evolution. By investigating cluster shapes, we concluded that these differences are mainly due to secular instability that takes place for very rapidly rotating clusters. The shape of cluster for N-body simulations becomes tri-axial or even prolate, while the 2-dimensional Fokker-Planck simulation can treat only oblate type axisymmetric systems. We also founded that there is the angular momentum exchange from high mass to low mass.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.361-367
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• 2000

To compare actual obesity rate and self-evaluated body shape, 651 women living in Inchon were participated in the measurement of anthropometric indices and in the survey by questionnaire. Mean RBW and BMI were in normal range except the girl in 13-15 years. RBW and BMI of the women in 40s and 50s were significantly higher than those in women in younger ages(p<0.001). Triceps skinfold thickness of the subjects were not significantly different. Significantly low DRBW in teenagers and women in 20s showed that their desire to reduce body weight were very strong. Over the half of the subjects thought they were too heavy and unsatisfied at their body shapes. The parts of the body desired to remove extra fat were the waist & abdomen in women over 30s and the thigh & legs in teenagers. It is thought that women, especially in 10s and 20s need the education about the appropriate evaluation of body shape and also need the nutrition education about the deteriorated influence of underweight on health.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.173-179
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• 2019

DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) imaging plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of the human body, and design modeling is a technology of planning shapes in three dimensions according to the purpose. In this study, we converge these two technologies to observe the relationships of the cross-section, volume, and surface area to the morphological changes of the external ear canal. The experiment applied medical imaging technologies to acquire sections of the human body to create and divide centerlines using 3D shapes extracted from 19 external ear canals by applying stereolithography and 3-matic program. The results showed that the cross-sectional structure of the external ear canal had various shapes, such as oval (38.5%), semicircular (28.2%), mixed (17.9%), square (10.2%), and wrinkled (5.1%). In addition, the cross-sectional area of each phase increased as the length of the external ear canal increased, and the volume and surface area decreased towards the direction of the eardrum. However, the surface area reduction rate was relatively low. This indicates that the structure becomes irregular towards the direction of the eardrum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1109-1123
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• 2017

This study analyzed a somatotype of teenager's that was suitable to improve the reality of a virtual model size. We analyzed 843 teenagers 12-18 years old from the 6th Size Korea data. First, factor analysis was done for abstracting new criteria and dividing the somatotype; subsequently, we selected the waist height proportion to stature (body proportion) and drop (torso shape). Next, the cluster analysis was done with these criteria; subsequently, 5 body proportion types and 7 torso shapes were distinguished. A virtual model size for 4 somatotype with more than 50 persons was also designed by a regression analysis that constituted sizes for each factor. The designed model size was compared with body size as well as with Clo's virtual model size. The research model showed a high similarity in sizes with body as well as improved reality over the Clo model that presented size problems such as low waist height, bigger bust, and smaller thigh circumference than the real body.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.939-946
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• 2009

This study is to classify the shape of the body by means of the drop value of the middle-age women. Drop value is based on the circumstances of the body deciding the dimentions of the clothes. Therefore, the study based on the drop value seems to decided the measurement of the clothes in making mass production of ready made clothes. In order to put measure items on this study of the value on 'The fifth survey of body measure of Korean', select 785 people in middle-aged women aged from 40 to 59. And considering the characteristic of upper-drop and lower-drop, and swelling belly by accumulated fat, selected five items(Bust Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Bust Circumstance, Waist Circumstance(Omphalion) - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance(Omphalion)). The result of the study is summarized as follows. Type 1, M type of the body showed the distribution of 32.5% and belonged to low body development style. The line of human body is the nearest of the four bodies in middle-age woman out of whole shapes of 4 types and the line of human body is close to middle-age woman. Type 2, X type of the body showed the distribution of 40.8% and the line of human body remarkably showed. Type 3, H type of the body showed the distribution of 12.4% and the line of human body appears least. This group was larger than any other group in having more fat in the belly above the circumstance of the hip than other groups. Type 4, Y type of the body showed the distribution of 14.4%. This type was upper half of body development style, waist was slender, and there was seldom the bend around the circumstance of belly and hip.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2021

In this study, we present experimental observations of artificial supercavitation generated by the injection of compressed air at multiple locations on the body. Experiments were conducted at a cavitation tunnel equipped with a special facility to remove injected air before returning to the test section. Artificial supercavitation, which is generated at a relatively low speed compared to natural supercavitation, is formed asymmetrically on the axis of the body due to the buoyancy effect. In order to accelerate the development of the supercavity and increase the area covering the body, an experimental device capable of additional injection from the body was designed and its performance was evaluated through the model test. The shapes of the supercavity generated by multi-injections of different combinations according to different flow speeds were analyzed using high-speed shadow images. The results show that multiple injections at suitable locations can effectively increase the length of the supercavity and consequently improve propulsion efficiency.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.27-39
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• 2018

This study analyzed the body shape of women over 70 years and classified their body shapes in order to provide basic data for the development of pants patterns that can complement the weakness of the body shape of elderly women. It were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 20.0. Five factors were extracted from the lower body: obesity and thigh thickness, lower body length, under knee thickness, ankle height, and hip sag. In type 1, the lower body was obese and the legs were thick, but the hips were not sagging. It was named 'high-hip obesity figure'. Type 2's abdomen, hip, and waist were obese, but the legs were thin and the hip were not sagging. Thus, 'bird-leg middle obesity figure' was the name. Type 3 had a long and slender lower body, but legs were thick and the hips were saggy, it was named 'strong-leg low-hip slender figure'. The elderly women showed less difference in waist, abdomen, and hip circumference. The abdominal circumference was 2-3cm more than the waist and hip circumference; hence there is a need to differentiate the shape and number of darts in the production of bottom-wear patterns for older women. In addition, the leg circumference is gradually reduced by aging compared to the size of the lower body. Therefore, it would be necessary to search for a method that can effectively design the difference between the hip circumference and the leg circumference in relation to the body shape and the aesthetics of older women.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2021

This study attempted to develop winter jackets and pants patterns reflecting the latest comfortable and active school uniform trends, using middle school boy avatars having various body shapes. Jacket and pants pattern-drawing methods and margins differed. Based on the results, research prototypes were prepared. Then, virtual wear prospective drawings, clothing pressure, and appearance were assessed according to body shape. Jackets were assessed using 25 factors, while pants were assessed using 19. Then, correlations between the jackets and pants were analyzed. According to the analysis, the reason why the dart & tuck position and margin were rated low was confirmed. In a virtual wear assessment on jacket patterns by body shape, a significant difference was found in all categories, except for fit and shape at the front bottom, sleeve length on the side, and the center back line. The virtual wear assessment on the pants patterns by body shape also revealed a significant difference in all categories, except for pants length. In jackets, a significant influence was observed around the shoulders and waist in Type 1 and around the belly in Type 2. On the contrary, for pants, a significant influence was found around the hip and waist in Type 1 and around back crotch in Type 2. Therefore, they should be considered when making of jackets and pants. The above results suggested that jacket and pants patterns should vary depending on body shape. It is anticipated that there should be further studies comparing brand-name school uniforms for middle school girls and school uniforms by body shape.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2003

In this paper a systematic test procedure for evaluation of road-induced noise of a vehicle and guidelines for each test are presented. Also, a practical application of the test procedure to a small SUV is presented. According to the test procedure, all the tests were performed to evaluate road-induced booming noise that is in low frequency range. First of all the information on characteristics of road-induced noise was obtained through baseline test. Coupling effects between body structure and acoustic cavity of a compartment were obtained by means of modal tests for a structure and an acoustic cavity. Local stiffness of joint areas between chassis system and car-body was determined by test for measurement of input point inertance. Noise sensitivities of body joints to operational forces were obtained through test for measurement of noise transfer functions. Operational deflection shapes made us analyze behaviors of chassis system under running condition and then find sources of noise due to resonance of the chassis system. Finally, Principal Component Analysis and Transfer Path Analysis were utilized to investigate main paths of road-induced noise. In order to evaluate road-induced booming noise exactly, all of tests mentioned above should be performed systematically.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2013

Analysis of fluid-structure interaction for two nearby underwater vehicles immersed in the sea is quite challenging because simulation of flow around them is very difficult due to the complexity of underwater vehicle shapes. The conventional approach using body-fitted or unstructured grids demands much time in dynamic grid generation, and yields slow convergence of solution. Since an analysis of fluid-structure interaction must be based on accurate simulation results, a more efficient way of simulating flow around underwater vehicles, without sacrificing accuracy, is desirable. An immersed boundary method facilitates implementation of complicated underwater-vehicle shapes on a Cartesian grid system. An LES modeling is also incorporated to resolve turbulent eddies. In this paper, we will demonstrate the effectiveness of the immersed boundary method we adopted, by presenting the simulation results on the flow around a modeled high-speed underwater vehicle interacting with a modeled low-speed one.