• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic interventions for chronic nonspecific low back pain (CLBP) in adults aged 18-64 years. Methods: We searched for potentially relevant randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials through five Korean electronic databases (i.e., Korean Studies Information Service System, Research Information Sharing Service, Korean Medical Database, KoreaMed, and National Assembly Library) published from January 2010 to May 2019. Two investigators independently selected the studies based on the criteria and assessed risk of bias in the included studies. We estimated the effect size of interventions using Comprehensive Meta Analysis 3.3. Results: Of 10,151 studies, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria and 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise reduced low back pain (Hedges's g=-1.53, 95% CI: -2.22 to -0.85) and pain-related disabilities (Hedges's g=-0.92, 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.45). We found that taping was effective in decreasing low back pain (Hedges's g=-1.12, 95% CI: -1.51 to -0.73) and pain-related disabilities (Hedges's g=-0.50, 95% CI: -0.93 to -0.07). Manual therapy yielded a marginally significant reduction in low back pain (Hedges's g=-2.32, 95% CI: -4.64 to 0.00), the therapy was not effective in decreasing pain-related disabilities. Conclusion: Although there was little evidence for the effectiveness of manual therapy in adults with CLBP, exercise and taping were effective to relieve pain and pain-related disabilities. Based on these findings, we suggest the development of non-pharmacologic interventions or a nursing intervention protocol for the CLBP management. Also, nurses should consider implementation of effective non-pharmacologic interventions for CLBP.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.185-195
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effects on the general features of low back pain. The study subjects were low back pain patients treated with physical therapy at general hospitals located in Gyeonggi-do from August 2, 2000 to September 10. Total number of distributed questionnaires were 300, and 281 questionnaires were collected and analysed finally. The results were follows: 1. 76.3$\%$ of male answers that participate in sports, 60.6$\%$ of female answers that participate in sports and there are significant differences of two group(p < 0.01). 2. In case of male, preferential sports were running, tennis, golf, the others, but in case of female, preferential sports were walking, ascent of a mountain, swimming(p < 0.01). 3. In case of male, the most frequency preferred to participate in sports by patients was 30minutes daily, but in case of female, 3 times a week(p < 0.05). 4. The onset time of low back pain was 28.3$\%$ in the morning, 23.7$\%$ in the afternoon, 23.2$\%$ in motion according. 5. The onset conditions of low back pain was 48.5% during exercise, 44.4$\%$ after exercise. 6. Regardless of gender, low back pain patients want to go to a hospital for treatment. Otherwise, male preferred conventional treatment than a hospital, but female preferred a hospital than conventional treatment(p < 0.05). 7. Regardless of gender, 97.5$\%$ of patients is answered that the most preferential treatment method was physical therapy, 8. 92.2$\%$ of patients is answered that physical therapy was effective.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.233-243
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of lumbar stabilization exercise using the PNF techniques on the lumbar deep muscles thickness and functional activity in chronic low back pain patient. Group I(n=10): general physical therapy group; Group II(n=10): general lumbar stabilization exercise group; Group III(n=10): lumbar stabilization exercise using PNF techniques(stabilizing reversal, rhythmic stabilization, combination of isotonic) group. Change of pain was measured with visual analog scale(VAS). To observe muscle thickness changes, we measured transverse abdominis(TrA), external oblique(EO), multifidus with real time ultrasound scanning. The functional activity were measured with Oswestry Disability Questionnaire(ODQ) and Roland & Morris Disability Questionnaire(RMDQ). In VAS test, group III had more significantly decreased than before exercise. In muscle thickness test, group III had more significantly increased than before exercise in right/left TrA, EO, multifidus. In ODQ & RMDQ test, group III had more significantly decreased than before exercise. This study show that the PNF techniques is effective in improving the lumbar stability and functional activity in chronic low back pain patients.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.259-267
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• 2020

This study is to identify the effects of pilates mat exercise on the body composition, lumbar muscle strength, low back pain and pregnancy stress in pregnant women. In order to carry out this study, nineteen pregnant women were divided into two groups: pilates mat exercise group (n=11) and control group (n=8). EXE group performed pilates mat exercise for 60 min per day, 2days/week for 12 weeks. Our results showed that there was no significant changes in total body water, body fat mass, BMI, body fat percent, and BMR, but the EXE group showed significant increase in skeletal muscle mass. Furthermore, EXE group was significantly increased in hip extension and lumbar extension ROM. Analysis of low back pain and pregnancy stress level showed no significant difference between group. In conclusion, our study suggest that pilates mat exercise can be safely applied to pregnant women by increasing the muscle mass of pregnant women and by showing a positive effect on the lumbar muscle strength.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.44-57
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to examine the relative efficacy of three active exercise programs for work-related, chronic low back pain, and to observe to what extent the programs affected the mechanical stability of the lumbar region. The subjects were 64 employees who were randomly divided into three groups to match the three active exercise programs which were performed 3 times a week for 6 months. All subjects were assessed with the same measurements at a pre-study examination, and then were reassessed at 2 weeks, 3months and 6 months after the study. The pain intensity didn't show any significant difference among the three groups. However, the Oswestry Disability Index showed significant differences among the three groups at 6 months and the lumbar and thoracic exercise groups showed significant decreases compared to the general physiotherapy group (p<.05). Maximal stretching with both hands in the overhead direction showed a significant difference among the three groups at 3 months and 6 months, and the thoracic exercise group at 6 months showed a significant increase in overhead stretching compared to the lumbar exercise and general physiotherapy groups (p<.05). The group that performed maximal stretching with both hands in the overhead direction showed the most significant among the 3 months and 6 months. At 6 months, the thoracic exercise group showed a significant increase in overhead stretching compared to the lumbar exercise and general physiotherapy groups (p<.05). The lumbar region angle of inclination showed significant differences among the three groups at 2 weeks 3 months, and 6 months, with the thoracic exercise group being decreased more significantly at 6 months than the lumbar exercise and general physiotherapy groups (p<.05). Exercise aimed at increasing thoracic mobility has an effect on lumbar stability. Furthermore, it is far more effective for lumbar stabilization than general physiotherapy and deep muscle strengthening lumbar exercise.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.902-913
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of a strengthening program for the lower back in older women with chronic low back pain. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest experiment. The experimental group consisted of 16 older women and the control group, 14, all of whom had experienced low back pain for at least 3 months. The strengthening program for the lower back included lumbar stabilization exercises and education on pain management in daily living. For an 8 week period, exercises were done 3 days a week and on one day education was also given. Results: Pain and disability scores decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Flexibility, life satisfaction and lumbar muscle strength scores increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Low back pain and disability can be relieved, and flexibility, muscle strength, and life satisfaction increased through a program to strengthen the lower back. It is suggested that a program to strengthen the lower back would be an effective nursing intervention for older women with low back pain.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1998

The result of studying papers about management of lower back pain published in domestic and foreign nursing and medical magazines in these 10 years is as follows ; 1. General characteristic of lower back pain ; 1) In sex distribution, there were more men than women in 5 papers and more women than men in 4 papers among 9 papers surveryed. 2) In age distribution, thirties to forties of patients had more lower back pain as surveyed by general hospitals and fifties to sixties of patients had more lower back pain as surveyed by oriental medical hospitals. 3) In cause factor, there were 50 to 65% of sprain, 32 to 44% of herniated intervertebral disc and 13 to 29% of degenerative changes. 4) In symtom distribution, there were 26 to 57% of lower back pain, 42 to 65% of lower back pain with radiating pain and 34 to 99% of paravertevral muscle spasm. 5) In period of pain management distribution, 18 to 40% of patients experienced pain for less than 6 months and 59 to 82% of them experienced pain for more than 6 months in 3 papers among 4 papers. 6) In surveying the treatment, 66 to 88% of patients had conservative treatment and there were treatments of general hospital, oriental medicine, self remedy and traditional practice in conservative treatment. 7) In job distribution, 12 to 50% of them were housekeepers, 23 to 31% office workers, 4.6 to 36% blue color workers and 11 to 15% students. 2. As psychological character lower back pain paients had anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, phobic anxiety, neurasthenia, hypochondriasis, and interpersonal sensitivity. 3. To distinguish the cause of lower back pain, plain lumbar roentgenogram, straight leg rasing test, eletromyelogic findings, somatosensory evoked potentials CT and MRI were performed. 4. To relieve lower back pain. epidural adhesiolysis, epidulal injection of local anesthetic in mixture with steroid, lumbar spinal root block, low level laser therapy, acupuncture like transcutaneous nerve stimulation(AL TENS), topical capsaicin and lumbar orthotics were used in medical field, and relaxation technique was used in nursing field. 5. Mckenzie's extension exercise and William's flexsion exercise for lower back pain were used in medical field and Yoga exercise was applied in nursing field. 6. The more school education and self efficacy were high, the better they had active coping lower back pain positively and the less self efficacy was the more they had serious pain. As a result of studying the paper there have been very little research for lower back pain in nursing fields of Korea and foreign countries. Because 60 to 80% of population expeience lower back pain at least more than once, it is necessary to develop the study and clinical practice for management of lower back pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.479-487
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was comparing and analyzing the exercise effect for the public who was not suffering back pain exercise in improving the waist flexibility, the waist muscular strength and the waist sense of equilibrium after grafted in William & McKenzie exercise with swiss ball. METHODS: 16 people who were not in progress of the chronic low-back pain were recruited. They were grouped into 8 for each experiment(GSBE=Group which play swiss ball exercise, GWME=Group which William & McKenzie exercise). RESULTS: The following result was obtained through measurement of three items in both pre and post examination. CONCLUSION: Comparing the average result of flexibility improvements of each group after 12-week exercise program, the result showed that GSBE was more effective than GWME with increase of muscular strength. Comparing the average result of muscular strength of each group after 12-week exercise program, the result showed that GSBE was more effective than GWME with increase of flexibility improvements. Comparing the average result of sense equilibrium of each group after 12-week exercise program, the result showed that GSBE was more effective than GWME with increase of sense equilibrium.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.162-172
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to explore factors affecting musculoskeletal symptoms of the child care centers' teachers in Korea. Methods: This study was a descriptive research, using a cross-sectional survey. Convenience samples of 230 child care centers' teachers aged 20 to 65 were selected. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure general characteristics, job-related characteristics, exercise habit, fatigue and musculoskeletal symptoms of the body parts. The data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: Shoulder pain (73.5%), low back pain (72.6%) and wrist/hand pain (57.8%) were the most common musculoskeletal symptoms. Shoulder pain significantly differed depending on the age of children in charge at the child care center (p<.047). The exercise habit was related to low back pain (p<.028) and the career was linked to wrist/hand pain (p<.046). The logistic regression analysis revealed exercise habit and fatigue were the risk factors on musculoskeletal symptoms of many body parts. Conclusion: These results suggest that interventions targeting the child care centers' teachers should be considered job-related characteristics and fatigue in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorder. Thus, there continues to be a need to develop exercise program for the child care centers' teachers.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.388-398
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to develop a post-operative exercise program, apply it to patients undergone lumbar spinal fusion surgery, and evaluate the effectiveness of the program on pain and disability activities of daily living. Methods: Fifty six patients who had lumbar spinal fusion were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups; 28 patients in the intervention group completed post-operative lumbar exercise program including walking for four weeks and 28 patients in the control group only did walking exercises. The degrees of pain on low back and leg were evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS) and the functional outcome was evaluated using the Korean version of Oswestry Disability Index (KODI) before surgery and 5 weeks after surgery. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test with SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Low back and leg pain of the participants in both experimental and control groups were improved after surgery compared to pre-surgery pain. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. KODI score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p=.014). Conclusion: The developed post-operative exercise program in patients with lumbar spinal fusion surgery seems to be a useful intervention to reduce disability in activities of daily living.