• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.651-662
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• 2002

Weather elements were observed by the AWS (Automatic Weather System) and dustfall particles were collected by the modified American dust jar (wide inlet bottle type) at 4 sampling sites in Busan area from March. 1999 to February, 2000. Thirteen chemical species (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, and Zn) were analyzed by AAS and ICP. The purposes of this study were to estimate qualitatively various bulk deposition flux of dustfall and insoluble components by applying regional and seasonal wind intensity. Frequency of wind speed were found in order of low(1-3m/s), very low(<1m/s), medium(3-8m/s) and high(>8m/s), and annual mean had higher range at low(1-3m/s) for 56.3%. Strong negative linear correlation were observed between dustfall and wind direction (northeastern and eastern), but strong positive linear correlation were observed between dustfall and wind direction (western and northwestern) at industrial, commercial and coastal zone(p<0.05). While a negative correlation were observed between wind speed frequency of very low(<1 m/s) and dustfall, and positive correlation were observed between wind speed frequency of low(1-3m/s) and dustfall in coastal zone(p<0.05). The correlation coefficient was observed 0.556 between wind speed frequency of low(1-3m/s) and Ni by commercial zone(p<0.05). The correlation coeffcient show well-defined insoluble trace metals (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) and wind speed frequency of low(1-3m/s) at coastal zone, which was found significant difference(p<0.01).

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.739-747
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• 2013

This paper investigates the multifarious nature of the long-term evolution (LTE) scheme and that of the modified LTE scheme for symbol timing synchronization (STS). This investigation allows us to propose a new replica correlation-based STS scheme to overcome the inherent weaknesses of the other two schemes. The proposed STS signal combines a gold sequence and a half sine wave in the time domain, whereas conventional STS signals specify either binary sequences or complex sequences in the time domain or in the frequency domain. In the proposed scheme, a sufficient correlation property is realized by the gold sequence, and robustness against the frequency offset (FO) is achieved through the sine wave. Compared to the existing LTE-related schemes, the proposed scheme can better achieve immunity to FO and reduction in detector complexity, as well as a low peak-to-average power ratio and a low detection error rate. Performance evaluations through analysis and simulation are provided in the paper to demonstrate these attributes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.192-205
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• 2020

Seismic design practices and seismic response analyses of civil structures and nuclear power plants (NPPs) have conventionally used the peak ground acceleration (PGA) or spectral acceleration (S_a) as an intensity measure (IM) of an earthquake. However, there are many other earthquake IMs that were proposed by various researchers. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between seismic responses of NPP components and 23 earthquake IMs and identify the best IMs for correlating with damage of NPP structures. Particularly, low- and high-frequency ground motion records are separately accounted in correlation analyses. An advanced power reactor NPP in Korea, APR1400, is selected for numerical analyses where containment and auxiliary buildings are modeled using SAP2000. Floor displacements and accelerations are monitored for the non- and base-isolated NPP structures while shear deformations of the base isolator are additionally monitored for the base-isolated NPP. A series of Pearson's correlation coefficients are calculated to recognize the correlation between each of the 23 earthquake IMs and responses of NPP structures. The numerical results demonstrate that there is a significant difference in the correlation between earthquake IMs and seismic responses of non-isolated NPP structures considering low- and high-frequency ground motion groups. Meanwhile, a trivial discrepancy of the correlation is observed in the case of the base-isolated NPP subjected to the two groups of ground motions. Moreover, a selection of PGA or S_a for seismic response analyses of NPP structures in the high-frequency seismic regions may not be the best option. Additionally, a set of fragility curves are thereafter developed for the base-isolated NPP based on the shear deformation of lead rubber bearing (LRB) with respect to the strongly correlated IMs. The results reveal that the probability of damage to the structure is higher for low-frequency earthquakes compared with that of high-frequency ground motions.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제47호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to research the correlation between frequency and the deletion of /w, (equation omitted)/ in Korean. For this purpose, I select 11 words from the frequency data, then, analyze the speech of 20 speakers of standard Korean. As a result, I can find that there is correlation between the frequency and the deletion rate of segment. The rate of deletion is higher in high frequency words, while the rate of realization is higher in low frequency words. Although there is correlation between the frequency and the deletion rate of segment, the feature of segment, prosodic environments are more important in segment deletion.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2020

The comprehensive and physics-based compact noise models for advanced CMOS devices were presented. The models incorporate important physical effects in nanoscale MOSFETs, such as the low frequency correlation effect between the drain and the gate, the trap-related phenomena, and QM (quantum mechanical) effects in the inversion layer. The drain current noise model was improved by including the tunneling assisted-thermally activated process, the realistic trap distribution, the parasitic resistance, and mobility degradation. The expression of correlation coefficient was analytically described, enabling the overall noise performance to be evaluated. With the consideration of QM effects, the comprehensive low frequency noise performance was simulated over the entire bias range.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.498-504
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• 2015

This paper proposed an Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry (SSTDR) using time-frequency correlation analysis in order to have more accurate fault determination and location detection than classical SSTDR despite increased signal attenuation due to the long distance to cable fault location. The proposed method was validated through comparison with classical SSTDR methods in open- and short-circuit fault detection experiments of low-voltage power cables. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can detect correlation coefficients at fault locations accurately despite reflected signal attenuation so that cable faults can be detected more accurately and clearly in comparison to existing methods.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2019

This paper presents the analysis of wind speeds data measured on top of three neighboring high-rise buildings close to a beach in Xiamen city, China, during Typhoon "Usagi" 2013. Wind tunnel simulation was carried out to validate the field measurement results. Turbulence intensity, turbulence integral scale, power spectrum and cross correlation of recorded wind speed were studied in details. The low frequency trend component of the typhoon speed was also discussed. The field measurement results show turbulence intensity has strong dependence to the wind speed, upwind terrain and even the relative location to the Typhoon center. The low frequency fluctuation could severely affect the characteristics of wind. Cross correlation of the measured wind speeds on different buildings also showed some dependence on the upwind terrain roughness. After typhoon made landfall, the spatial correlation of wind speeds became weak with the coherence attenuating quickly in frequency domain.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2009

For this study, the external laryngeal lengths of 9 females and 9 males with normal voices were measured together with their ages, heights, and weights, and after they read aloud sentences for 3 minutes, their habitual speaking fundamental frequencies, speaking low pitches, speaking high pitches, and vocal fold closed quotients were measured. The Spearman rank correlation analysis on these data showed a significant negative correlation between the external laryngeal length and the habitual speaking fundamental frequency for both females and males, a significant negative correlation between the external laryngeal length and the speaking high pitch for only males, a significant negative correlation between the external laryngeal length and the speaking low pitch for both females and males, and a significant positive correlation between the external laryngeal length and the vocal fold closed quotient for only males.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 송신기와 수신기의 구현에 있어서 많은 장점을 제공하는 직접 확산-주파수(DSSS-FSK) 변조를 제안한다. 주파수 변조를 사용하여, 직접 확산 통신에서도 주파수합성기(PLL)를 이용한 송신기의 구현이 가능하므로 저전력, 저가격이 가능하다. 또한, 반송과 인접 대역에 정보를 전송하지 않아서 직접변환방식 수신기(DCR)의 구현을 용이하게 한다 한편, DSSS-FSK 신호를 위한 최적 동기 검파와 반동기 상관 검파 구조를 제안하고 그 성능을 분석한다. 매우 큰 반송파 주파수오프셋에서도 우수한 비트오율성능을 가지기 위해서, 분할 반동기 상관 검파 구조를 제안하고 성능을 분석한다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.80-84
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• 2009

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is an effective method to achieve low power design. In our work, we present an analytical DVFS method which judiciously exploits correlation information in runtime distribution while satisfying deadline constraints. The proposed method overcomes the previous distribution-aware DVFS method [2] which has pessimistic assumption on which runtime distributions are independent. Experimental results show the correlation-aware DVFS offers 13.3% energy reduction compared to existing distribution-aware DVFS [2].