• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.897-908
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was purposed to estimate prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms, level of occupational stress and their relationship among dental hygienists. Methods : This questionnaire study was performed during May to October 2010 with 317 dental hygienists worked in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do recruited as study population. The occupational stress and upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms were accessed using questionnaire of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale and musculoskeletal symptoms from the Korea Occupational Safety Health Agency. Data analysis was performed with the descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analysis using SPSS(ver 19.0K)program. Results : The prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and the level of occupational stress were 79.2% and $52.67{\pm}4.86$ in dental hygienists. By multiple logistic regression analysis, job insecurity(OR=2.86, 95% CI: 1.38-5.94 in stress high risk group; reference-stress low risk group) and organizational system(OR=3.32, 95% CI: 1.55-7.08 in stress high risk group; reference-stress low risk group) were associated with upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms in dental hygienists. Conclusions : The overall prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms and level of occupational stress in dental hygienists were relatively high and some sub-scales of occupational stress were related with upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms. Not only previously reported risk factors of musculoskeletal symptoms but also occupational stress should consider to prevent and improve upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms in dental hygienists.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2009

Objectives : We already know the importance of stability and flexibility on the vertebra. It is important to keep the lumbar lordosis for stability and flexibility. We hope to reduce lower back pain and low extremity pain by changing the angle of the Lumbar Kyphosis through conservative treatment. We have evaluated the effect of conservative treatment with Saamchimbeop Pejeonggyeok by experimenting one patient suffering from Lumbar Kyphosis with lower back pain and low extremity pain. Methods : One patients were diagnosed as Lumbar Kyphosis through X-ray examination. We used conservative treatment, especially Pejeonggyeok Treatment to the patients and measured NRS((Numerical Rating Scale), rating scale for low back pain, low extremity pain and SLR(Straight Leg Raising) test and walking time in whole term of admission, and we also measured flexion, extension angle and lumbar kyphosis using lumbar x-ray lateral view after diganosing by Lumbar Kyphosis. Results and Conclusions : After treating conservative therapy, We figured out that the patient were on the mend, and we found out the angle change in flexion, extension and lumbar Kyphosis. These results suggest that Pejeonggyeok Treatment were effective to improved Lumbar Kyphosis and reduced the low back pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is change of lumbar multifidus muslce recorded simultaneously by ultrasound imaging during upper extremity functional movement in chronic low back pain patients. The subject were consisted of 10 women patients with chronic low back pain and healthy asymptomatic subject 10 women. Methods : 10 women patients with chronic low back pain and healthy asymptomatic subject 10 women is voluntary participated for the research. Subjects were positioned in standing. Multifidus size were measured from L4 vertebral segement. The ultrasound imaging apparatus(Sonoace 6000, Medison, Korea) was epuipped with a 5-MHz convex array transducer. The upper extremity lifting movement used to activate the multifidus was then measured. Results : Results of the analysis showed that at the L4 vertebral leves, healthy asymptomatic subjects had significantly larger multifidus muscle compared with chronic LBP subjects. Conclusion : This study will be used as treatment method of patient with chronic LBP. The multifidus muscle in chronic LBP patients clinical significance. Most of chronic LBP patients have multifidus contraction pattern. Especially multifidus contraction in L4 vertebral segement. So chronic LBP patients necessary multifidus muscle release treatment.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.373-382
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• 1997

This study has been aimed at figuring out the fact that four kinds of body type grouped according to the tilting of scapular of upper extremity and ilium of low extremity showed the mobility increase for joint parts and the limitation. When we make a thrapy plan which should be comprehensive and general in preventative management and therapy. For the sake of patients who have spinal disabilities including low back pains, it is required for many joints distributing among upper and lower extremity to have hypermobility and hypomobility based on regulation. So, this study was conducted to establish a standard for the effective pattern of hypermobility or hypomobility. I hope that the result of this study can help support the practics of physical therapy as a part of scientic method. Especially I think it will be able to be conductive to those who major in physical therapy on the arthrogenic region.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1995

Severe upper and lower extremity trauma may result in soft tissue loss with exposed bone and the subsequence of risk of chronic osteomyelitis or malunion of fracture fragments. Such injuries present a major reconstructive problem. But Since the introduction of microsugical technique, free muscle and myocutaneous flaps were employed to provide coverage of severely injured defects. Since Tai and Hasegawa(1974) first reported a breast reconstruction using by rectus abdominis myocuraneous flap, the free rectus myocutaneous flap has been widely employed for breast reconstuction, head and neck reconstruction, and extremity reconstruction in these days. The authors present their successful experience with free rectus abdominis muscle and rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps for upper and low extremity reconstruction. From Nov. 94, to May 95, Five cases of severely injured extremites due to trauma or contact burn were treated with free rectus abdominis muscle flap or free rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. All flaps except 1 case were survived without severe complications. As free muscle or myocutaneous flap, the free rectus abdominis flap has the advantages of a reliable pedicle, easy dissection, and an acceptable donor site, so it seems logical to apply the free rectus abdominis flap to apply in upper and lower extremity reconstruction.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the rider postural alignments according to the fitting of stirrups lengths during walk of high level riders. Participants selected as subject were consisted of horse riders of high level (age: $47.66{\pm}3.51yrs$, height: $168.40{\pm}4.84cm$, body weight: $73.36{\pm}15.58kg$, low extremity length: $94.76{\pm}3.98cm$, career: $23.33{\pm}5.77yrs$) and walk with 3 types of stirrup lengths(ratio of low extremity 68.04%, 73.25%, 78.48%). The variables analyzed were consisted of the displacement of Y axis (center of mass, head, thigh, shank and foot), FR angle, LR angle, dynamic postural stability index (DPSI), coefficient of variation (CV%), and distance (X axis) of low extremity limb between right and left. The displacement of Y axis in COM, thigh, shank, foot limbs were not statistically significant, but movements of head showed greater distance of B type and C type than that of A type during 1 stride of walk. The FR and LR angle in trunk of horse rider, dynamic postural stability index and, coefficient of variation didn't show significant difference statistically according to the fitting of stirrup lengths. Also the distance (X axis) of low extremity in thigh and shank didn't show significant difference statistically in between right and left, but right and left foot showed greater distance in C type than that of B and A types during walk in horse back riding. The hip and ankle joint angle not statistically significant according to stirrups lengths, But knee joint angle showed more extended according to the increase of stirrups lengths during stance and swing phase in walk.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1345-1353
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 weeks hip joint strengthen on muscle strength, dynamic posture control and low extremity injury criterion. Twenty athletics were divided into two groups, the exercise group was conducted for three times a week, 60 minutes, and six weeks. The dependent variables of this study were flexibility, muscular strength, dynamic posture control, and lower body injury criterion. The results of this study showed that the flexibility was not significant, but muscle strength was significant difference. The dynamic posture control was significantly effective in the left posterolateral and posteromedial. In addition, total score was significantly exercise effect, and there was no difference between left and right leg length. In conclusion, hip joint strengthen increased muscle strength and dynamic posture control, and decreased the concern of low extremity injury criterion.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.20-34
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to establish modified physiological cost index (PCI) for predicting energy consumption by heart rate (HR) at isokinetic ergometer exercise testing. The subjects were twenty-eight healthy men in their twenties. All of them performed upper and lower extremity isokinetic ergometer exercise tests which had six loads (400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 kg-m/min) and five loads (400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 kg-m/min) respectively. The exercise sessions were finished when HR was in plateau. HR and oxygen consumption were determined during the final minute. Resting heart rate and oxygen consumption were used for calculating heart rate, oxygen consumption changes and modified PCI. Regression analysis established the relationship between each variable to work load, HR and oxygen consumption. The results were as follows: 1) In the lower extremity ergometer exercise test, oxygen consumption increased continuously as work load increased, but in the upper extremity ergometer test, oxygen consumption only increased until work load was 700 kg-m/min. 2) HR increased as work load increased in both exercise tests, but in the upper extremity ergometer test, HR decreased from the 700 kg-m/min. 3) The modified PCI increased as work load mcreased until the 700 kg-m/min point in the lower extremity ergometer test and until the 500 kg-m/min point in the upper extremity ergometer test when it started to decrease in both tests. 4) In the lower extremity ergometer exercise test, regression analysis established the relation as $dVO_2$ = -.0215HR - .2141 where $dVO_2$ is given in l/min and HR in beat/min ($R^2$ = .2677, p = .000). ln the upper extremity ergometer exercise test. regression analysis established the relation as $dVO_2$ = -.0115HR + .2746 ($R^2$ = .1308, p = .000). The results of this study were similar to previous studies but were different under high work load conditions. So modified PCI should be used with only low intensity work load testing. Subjects for upper extremity ergometer exercise testing should complete a prescribed training course prior to testing, and only low intensity work load should be used for safety considerations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.69-74
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• 2011

Despite most of tasks in manufacturing, construction and agriculture, etc., were currently mechanized and automated, manual materials handling still existed in atypical working condition. In case of manual materials handling, repetitive work, inappropriate working posture, excessive force, contact stress might cause overload, which could lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders and low back pains. On this basis, the goal of this study is to reveal the effects of various lifting postures of trunk angles and lower extremity postures on maximum holding time(MHT). Twenty two subjects were recruited from a university population. The experiment was designed by a combination of three trunk angle ($0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$) and three lower extremity postures(straight, bent, kneeling). Before experimental trials, subjects performed MVC(maximum voluntary contraction) exertions in three trunk angles ($0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$) to calculate 30%MVC at designated postures. In each trial, they were required to hold the handheld load(30%MVC) for a designated posture as long as they could. The results of MVC by trunk angles were measured in $0^{\circ}$ > $20^{\circ}$ > $60^{\circ}$ orders, but those of MHT measured in $20^{\circ}$ > $0^{\circ}$ > $60^{\circ}$ orders. These results showed that straight posture is the ideal working posture in work exerted a strong force for a short time, but the ability to work might be improved in the trunk angle $20^{\circ}$ in work required 30%MVC for a long time. Also, results of MVC and MHT by lower extremity postures measured in straight > bent > kneeling orders.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.311-314
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• 2023

In lower extremity reconstruction, the recipient vessel often requires long-range mechanical dilation because of extensive vasospasm or plaque formation induced by concomitant atherosclerosis. While a forceps dilator can be used to manipulate and dilate vessels approximately 1 cm from their end, a DeBakey vascular dilator can dilate long-range vessels. The authors successfully performed free flap reconstruction of the lower extremity using the DeBakey vascular dilator. Of the two patients who underwent lower extremity reconstruction, one had extensive vasospasm, and the other had plaques in the recipient arteries. Irrigation with 4% lidocaine and dilation of the lumen with a forceps dilator were insufficient to restore the normal arterial blood flow. Instead, a DeBakey vascular dilator with a 1-mm diameter tip was gently inserted into the lumen. Then, to overcome vessel resistance, the dilator gently advanced approximately 10 cm to dilate the recipient artery. Normal arterial blood flow was gushed out after dilating the vessel lumen using a DeBakey vascular dilator. The vascular anastomosis was performed, and intravenous heparin 5000 IU was administered immediately after anastomosis. Prophylactic low-molecular-weight-heparin (Clexane, 1 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to both patients for 14 days. The reconstructed flap survived without necrosis in either patient.