Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2014.24.4.329

Kinematic Analysis of The Rider Postural Alignments According to The Fitting of Stirrups Lengths during Horse Walk of High Level Rider  

Ryew, Che-Cheong (Department of physical education, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University)
Hyun, Seung-Hyun (Department of physical education, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics / v.24, no.4, 2014 , pp. 329-338 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze of the rider postural alignments according to the fitting of stirrups lengths during walk of high level riders. Participants selected as subject were consisted of horse riders of high level (age: $47.66{\pm}3.51yrs$, height: $168.40{\pm}4.84cm$, body weight: $73.36{\pm}15.58kg$, low extremity length: $94.76{\pm}3.98cm$, career: $23.33{\pm}5.77yrs$) and walk with 3 types of stirrup lengths(ratio of low extremity 68.04%, 73.25%, 78.48%). The variables analyzed were consisted of the displacement of Y axis (center of mass, head, thigh, shank and foot), FR angle, LR angle, dynamic postural stability index (DPSI), coefficient of variation (CV%), and distance (X axis) of low extremity limb between right and left. The displacement of Y axis in COM, thigh, shank, foot limbs were not statistically significant, but movements of head showed greater distance of B type and C type than that of A type during 1 stride of walk. The FR and LR angle in trunk of horse rider, dynamic postural stability index and, coefficient of variation didn't show significant difference statistically according to the fitting of stirrup lengths. Also the distance (X axis) of low extremity in thigh and shank didn't show significant difference statistically in between right and left, but right and left foot showed greater distance in C type than that of B and A types during walk in horse back riding. The hip and ankle joint angle not statistically significant according to stirrups lengths, But knee joint angle showed more extended according to the increase of stirrups lengths during stance and swing phase in walk.
Keywords
Horse-Back Riding; Stirrups Length; Fitting; Alignments; Walk;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Abdel-Aziz, Y. I., & Karara, H. M. (1971). Direct liner transformation from comparator into object space coordinates incloserange photogrammetry. Proceeding of the Symposium on close-range Photogrammetry(1-18). Falls church, VA: American society of photogrammetry.
2 Ball, C. G., Ball, J. E., Kirkpatrick, A. W., & Mulloy, R. H. (2007). Equestrian injuries: incidence, injury patterns, and risk factors for 10 years of major traumatic injuries. The American Journal of Surgery, 193(5), 636-640.   DOI
3 Ball, J. E., Ball, C. G., Mulloy, R. H, Datta, I., & Kirkpatrick, A. W. (2009). Ten years of major equestrian injury: are we addressing functional outcomes?. Journal of Trauma Management & Outcomes, 3(2).
4 Barone, G. W., Rodgers, B. M. (1989). Pediatric equestrian injuries: a 12 year review. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 29(2), 245-247.   DOI
5 Bixby-Hammett, D., & Brooks, W. H. (1990). Common injuries in horseback riding. A review, Sports Medicine, 9(1), 36-47.   DOI
6 Buckley, S. M., Chalmers, D. J., & Langley, J. D. (1993). Injuries due to falls from horses. Australian Journal of Public Health, 17(3), 269-271.
7 Ceroni, D., Rosa, V. D., Coulon, G. D., & Kaelin, A. (2007). The importance of proper shoe gear and safety stirrups in the prevention of equestrian foot injuries. The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 46(1), 32-39.   DOI
8 Oh, W. Y., Ryew, C. C., Kim, J. H., & Hyun, S. H. (2009b). Kinematic analysis of horse-riding posture according to skill levels during riding trot with jeju-horse. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 19(3), 467-479.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Oh, W. Y., Ryew, C. C., Kim, J. H., Hyun, S. H., Kang, O. D., & Lee, J. E. (2009c). Kinematic analysis of horse-riding posture according to skill levels during walking of horse-riding. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 48(6), 586-595.   과학기술학회마을
10 Peham, C., Licka, T., Kapaun, M., & Scheidl, M. (2001). A new method to quantify harmony of the horse-rider system in dressage. Sports Engineering, 4(2), 95-101.   DOI
11 Petridou, E., Kedikoglou, S., Belechri, M., Ntouvelis, E., Dessypris, N., & Trichopoulos, D. (2004). The mosaic of equestrianrelated injuries in greece. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 56(3), 643-647.   DOI
12 Plagenhoef, S. C., Evans, F. G., & Abdelnour, T. (1983). Anatomical data for analyzing human motion. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 54(2), 169-178.   DOI
13 Pugh, T. J., & Bolin, D. (2004). Overuse injuries in equestrian athletes. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 3(6), 297-303.
14 Ryew, C. C. (2012). Kinematic analysis on the stabilization & correction effects of riding posture according to rider's skill levels in horse back riding. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 22(1), 083-094.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
15 Schils, S. J., Greer, N., L., Stoner, L. J., & Kobluk, C. N. (1993). Kinematic analysis of the equestrian-walk, posting trot and sitting trot. Human Movement Science, 12(6), 693-712.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Dekker, R., Van Der Sluis, C. K., Kootstra, J., Groothoff, J. W., Eisma, W. H., & Duis, H. J. (2004). Long-term outcome of equestrian injuries in children. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26(2), 91-96.   DOI
17 Cuenca, A. G., Wiggins, A., Chen, M. K., Kays, D. W., Islam, S., & Beierle, E. A. (2009). Equestrian injuries in children. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 44(1), 148-150.   DOI
18 Davies, H. M. S. (1996). The effects of different exercise conditions on metacarpal bone stains in thoroughbred racehorses. Pferdeheilkunde, 12(4), 666-670.
19 de Coeq, P., Muller, M., Clayton, H. M., & van Leeuwen, J. L. (2013). Modelling biomechanical requirements of a rider for different horse-riding techniques at trot. Research Article, 216(10), 1850-1861.
20 Deuel, N. R., & Lawrence, L. M. (1987). Laterality in the gallop gait of horses. Journal of Biomechanics, 20(6), 645-649.   DOI
21 Dyson, S., Murray, R., Branch, M., & Harding, E. (2003). The sacroiliac joints: evaluation using nuclear scintigraphy. Part 2: Lame horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 35(3), 233-239.
22 Eckert, V., Lockemann, U., Puschel, K., Meenen, N. M., & Hessler, C. (2011). Equestrian injuries caused by horse kicks: first results of a prospective multicenter study. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 21(4), 353-355.   DOI
23 Faber, M., Schamhardt, H., Van Weeren, R., Johnston, C., Roepstorff, L., & Barneveld, A. (2000). Basic three-dimensional kinematics of the vertebral column of horses walking on a treadmill. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 61(4), 399-406.   DOI
24 Havlik, H. S. (2010). Equestrian sport-related injuries: a review of current literature. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 9(5), 299-302.   DOI
25 Loder, R. T. (2008). The demographics of equestrian-related injuries in the united states: injury patterns, orthopedic specific injuries, and avenues for injury prevention. Journal of Traumainjury infection & Critical Care, 65(2), 447-460.   DOI
26 Hobbs, G. D., & Yealy, D. M. (1994). Equestrian injuries: a five-year review. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 12(2), 143-145.   DOI
27 Jagodzinski, T., & DeMuri, G. P. (2005). Horse-related injuries in children: a review. Wisconsin Medical Journal, 104(2), 50-54.
28 Keshner, E. A. (2003). Head-trunk coordination during linear anterior-posterior translations. Journal of Neurophysiology Published, 89(4), 1891-1901.
29 Lovett, T., Hodson-Tole, E., & Nankervis, K. (2005). A preliminary investigation of rider position during walk, trot and canter. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology, 2(2), 71-76.   DOI
30 Mayberry, J. C., Pearson, T. E., Wiger, K. J., Diggs, B. S., & Mullins, R. J. (2007). Equestrian injury prevention efforts need more attention to novice riders. Journal of Trauma-injury infection & Critical Care, 62(3), 735-739.   DOI
31 Norwood, D., McAuley, C., Vallina, V. L., Fernandez, L. G., McLarty, J. W., & Goodfried, G. (2000). Mechanisms and patterns of injuries related to large animals. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 48(4), 740-744.   DOI
32 Oh, W. Y., Ryew, C. C., Kim, J. H., & Hyun, S. H. (2009a). Kinematic analysis of horse-riding posture during walking and rising trot in jeju horse. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 38, 741-754.
33 Srinivasan, V., Pierre, C., Plog, B., Srinivasan, K., Petraglia, A. L., & Huang, J. H. (2014). Straight from the horse's mouth: neurological injury in equestrian sports. Neurological Research, 36(10), 873-877.   DOI
34 Schollhorn, W. I., Peham, C., Licka, T., & Scheidl, M. (2006). A pattern recognition approach for the quantification of horse and rider interactions. Equine Veterinary Journal, 38(36), 400-405.   DOI
35 Smartt, P., & Chalmers, D. A. (2009). A new look at horse-related sport and recreational injury in new zealand. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(3), 376-382.   DOI
36 Sorli, J. M. (2000). Equestrian injuries: a five year review of hospital admissions in british columbia, canada. Injury Prevention, 6, 59-61.   DOI
37 Williams, D. E., & Norris, B. J. (2007). Laterality in stride pattern preferences in racehorses. Animal Behaviour, 74(4), 941-950.   DOI
38 Winter, D. A. (1983). Moment of force and mechanical power in jogging. Journal of Biomechanics, 16, 91-97.   DOI   ScienceOn