• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.263-267
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• 2013

Pig producers have been shown keen interest of the number of spermatozoa in a semen dose since pig artificial insemination introduce. However, determining the minimal number of spermatozoa need per AI without detrimental effect on overall reproductive performances is not an easy question to answer. To increase the efficiency of semen utilization in pig AI, optimum number of spermatozoa per dose needed to determine. The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive performance and factors that affect on-farm application of low-dose semen insemination in sows. Data were collected from Darby Genetics AI studs from 4th of June to 7th of July, 2012 (n=401). The numbers of parturition were 84, 234 and 83 in sows inseminated with doses of $1.5{\times}10^9$, $2.0{\times}10^9$ and $2.5{\times}10^9$ spermatozoa in 100ml extender, respectively. There were no significant differences on reproductive performances such as gestation period, total born, total born alive, stillbirth and mummy in sows inseminated with different semen doses. The average number of born alive was 10.5, 11.0 and 10.4 from sows inseminated with $1.5{\times}10^9$, $2.0{\times}10^9$ and $2.5{\times}10^9$ sperms, respectively. Also, number of spermatozoa per dose did not affect litter size (p>0.10). There were no significant differences of maternal genetic line difference on gestation period, total number born, number born alive, born dead and mummy. The estimated correlation coefficients of the different semen doses with total number born, number born alive, born dead and mummy were r=-0.00, -0.01, 0.02 and 0.02, respectively. Taken together, the result of this study suggested that when semen was appropriately inseminated after induced ovulation, insemination with low-dose ($1.5{\sim}2.0{\times}10^9$) semen dose not adversely affect sow's fertility.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1989

In recent years there has been a growing interest in total body, hemibody, total lymphoid irradiation. For refractory leukemia or lymphoma patients, various techniques and dose regimens were introduced, including high dose total body irradiation for destruction of leukemic or bone marrow cells and immunosuppression prior to bone marrow transplantation, and low dose total body irradiation for treatment of lymphocytic leukemia or lymphomas. Accurate provision for specified dose and the desired homogeneity are essential before clinical total body irradiation. Purposes of this paper are to discuss calibrating Cobalt Unit in 3m distance using Rando Phantom, to compare calculated dose, calibrated dose, and compensating filters for homogeneous dose distribution in the head and neck, the lung, and the pelvis. Results were following. 1. Measured dose on the lung was 6% higher than on the abdomen. Measured dose on the head (10%) and neck (18%) were higher than the abdomen because of thinness. Pelvic dose was measured 12% less than the abdomen. Those data suggest that compensating filter was essential. 2. Measured dose according to distance was 3% less than calculated dose which suggest that all doses in clinical use should be compared with calculated dose for minimizing error.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.162-165
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• 2003

Uptake efficiencies of PCB 153 in fathead minnow through food chain of sediment-midge-fish were evaluated. Contaminated fish food, the midge Chironomus plumosus was prepared by exposing to sediments with PCB 153. We could harvest the midges with body PCB 153 levels of ∼ 1.0 mg/g and ∼ 10.0 mg/g, respectively, in 2 wk of exposure. PCB 153 level in fish fed with midge of 10.0 mg/g PCB 153 (high-dose group) reached its highest at 11.2 mg/g after 30 d of exposure. However, PCB level in fish fed with midge of 1.0 mg/g PCB 153 (low-dose group) kept increasing following first order rate kinetics until the end of exposure (38 d). When the fish food was changed to the uncontaminated ones, the fish body PCB levels were stabilized in ∼ 3 wk. The uptake efficiency in high-dose fish group was 37%, whereas low-dose group was 55%. Uptake efficiencies in fathead minnows were notably lower than that of pike (∼ 70%). This finding suggests that the uptake efficiency of this PCB congener may depend on the amount of the PCB in diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the radiation dose data of the space crew of the flight crew and to present a plan for the health management of the flight crew on the basis of the analysis. The analysis show that the average exposure dose of the flight attendants continued to rise, and the exposure dose of the flight attendants was five(5) times higher than that of the radiation workers. As a way to reduce the effects of cosmic radiation, this paper suggests appropriate personnel allocation by model, balanced allocation of high and low latitude routes by crew according to the aircraft type, and a low altitude flight plan for high latitude flight. This study will help aviation crew members understand cosmic radiation and trust in the company's policies. In the future, it will be necessary to enhance the flight safety of the crew by deriving meaningful results by analyzing data related to cosmic radiation of various routes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 2005

Heptaplatin, cis-malonato [(4R,5R)-4,5-bis (amino-methyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane] platinum(II) (SKI-2053R, Sunpla) is a new platinum derivative with antitumor activity comparable to cisplatin on various cancer cell lines. Preclinical studies suggest that it is less nephrotoxic than cisplatin. This study was undertaken to examine the combined effect of heptaplatin and ionizing radiation on two established human squamous carcinoma cell lines (NCI-H520, SQ20B). The cytotoxic activity of heptaplatin was concentration-dependent in both cell lines. When low dose heptaplatin was combined with high dose ionizing radiation, there was an additive cytotoxic effect on NCI-H520 cells (P < 0.05), while a moderate dose of heptaplatin and a low dose of ionizing radiation had an additive cytotoxic effect on the growth of SQ20B cells (P < 0.05). FACS analysis and DAPI staining showed that their additive cytotoxic effects were correlated with the induction of apoptosis. Further studies are warranted using heptaplatin and ionizing radiation in squamous cell carcinoma as a substitute for cisplatin.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.218-223
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• 2006

The effect of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation on the stability of p53 in SK-HEP1 cells treated with UV light was examined. Intracellular levels of p53 increased in cells treated with a low dose of UV light ($20J/m^2$), whereas they increased but then declined after a higher dose of UV ($100J/m^2$). Intracellular levels of p53 in the UV treated SK-HEP1 cells were dependent on the UV dose. Use of proteasome inhibitors revealed that p53 is degraded by proteasomal proteolysis after high doses of UV light. We present evidence that, at low doses, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) poly(ADP-ribosyl) ates p53 and protects it from proteasomal degradation before caspase-3 is activated, whereas at high doses the cells undergo UV induced apoptosis and PARP is cleaved by caspase-3 before it can protect p53 from degradation. Destabilization of p53 by cleavage of PARP may be important in cell fate decision favoring apoptosis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2000

WooHwangChungSimWon is a traditional prescription for treating with hypertension, arteriosclerosis, coma, and stroke in China, Korea, and Japan. In the new presciption of WooHwangChungSimWon, the covet is substituted for the musk, the major component of WooHwangChungSimwon, because of the prohibition law about the musk. We have made a comparative study of the effects on the ischemic damage between the musk containing and civet containing WooHwangChungSimWon. In order to investigate the effects of WooHwangChungSimWon on the ischemic damage, each samples were administrated for 12 days, ischemia was induced for 10 minutes at 7th day, and immunohistochemistry was performed in the region of hippocampus of mongolian gerbils. According to the result of immunohistochemistry, the survival rates of neuroal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region are 37.8% in the high dose of musk containing WooHwangChungSimWon (HM-WHCSW) administrated group, 27.8% in low dose of civet containing WooHwangChungSimWon (LC-WHCSW), and 35.5% in high dose of civet containing WooHwangChungSimWon (HC-WHCSW) administrated group. These survial rates were significantly different from the survival rate of sham control group (14.4%). The results suggest that all the samples except the low dose of musk containing WooHwangChungSimWon (LM-WHCSW) have protective or preventive effects on cerebral ischemia.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2019

Tannic acid (TA) is a water-soluble polyphenol compound found in various herbal plants. We investigated the chemopreventive effects of TA on FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. In an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, TA showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 50 ?M. Cell cycle analysis and immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated that under low-dose ($25{\mu}M$) treatment, FaDu cells were arrested in G2/M phase, and as the dose of TA was increased, apoptosis was induced with the increase of cell population at sub-G1 phase. The expressions of various cyclins, including cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK-1 and CDK-2), were down-regulated at low doses of TA, whereas apoptotic effectors such as cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were expressed in a dose-dependent manner in Western blotting. In addition, TA-induced apoptosis of FaDu cells might be mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, with the upregulation of p-AKT/p-PKB (phosphorylated protein kinase B) and p-ERK. Overall, our data support the hypothesis that TA is a potential candidate agent for the treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.517-528
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• 2022

Due to its excellent diagnostic performance, CT is the mainstay of diagnostic test in adults with suspected acute appendicitis in many countries. Although debatable, extensive epidemiological studies have suggested that CT radiation is carcinogenic, at least in children and adolescents. Setting aside the debate over the carcinogenic risk of CT radiation, the value of judicious use of CT radiation cannot be overstated for the diagnosis of appendicitis, considering that appendicitis is a very common disease, and that the vast majority of patients with suspected acute appendicitis are adolescents and young adults with average life expectancies. Given the accumulated evidence justifying the use of low-dose CT (LDCT) of only 2 mSv, there is no reasonable basis to insist on using radiation dose of multi-purpose abdominal CT for the diagnosis of appendicitis, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Published data strongly suggest that LDCT is comparable to conventional dose CT in terms of clinical outcomes and diagnostic performance. In this narrative review, we will discuss such evidence for reducing CT radiation in adolescents and young adults with suspected appendicitis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.394-400
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• 2000

${\gamma}-Radiation$ at very low doses frequently has a stimulating or hormetic effect on the growth of organism. Effects of low dose ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiation on the root growth of soybean cultivars were investigated and hormetic effects by environmental conditions were compared with the occurrence of increased economic yield, seeds of cultivars were irradiated with the dose of $0.5{\sim}20Gy$ and cultivated in growth chamber controling temperature, humidity, light, greenhouse and field respectively. To understand hormetic effect on root growth of cultivars and the difference of hormetic effect by cultivation environment, harvested root of soybean cultivars were scanned with image file, and root surface area, root length, root average diameter etc. were examined by WinRhizo program. Also, dry weight of cultivars was examined. Root growth and dry weight of soybean cultivars showed apparently hormetic effect at cultivation of growth chamber condition. In field experiment executed for whole life cycle, yields of pea were not different significantly in each ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated cultivars but weight of one hundred peas increased in whole ${\gamma}-ray$ irradiated cultivars. Increment of yield was assumed to be induced through shortening of maturing stage caused by ${\gamma}-ray$ hormesis in early growth stage.