• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.376-391
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• 2010

To investigate seasonal variation and species composition by depth layers in the deep sea ecosystem of the East Sea of Korea, bottom trawl survey was conducted at 4 depth layers during spring and autumn from 2007 to 2009. A total of 47 species were collected and were composed of 23 fish species, 9 crustacea, 6 cephalopoda and 9 gastropoda. The main dominant species at each depth layers were Chionoecetes opilio in 300m, Berryteuthis magister in 500m, Chionoecetes japonicus in 700m and 900m. In spring, richness indices (R) showed low value of 2.01 in 500m depth, and high value of 2.16 in 300m depth. Diversity indices (H') showed low value of 1.53 in 300m depth, and high value of 2.09 in 700m depth. Dominance indices (D) showed low value of 0.15 in 700m depth, and high value of 0.31 in 300m depth. In Autumn, richness indices showed low value of 1.48 in 900m depth, and high value of 2.69 in 300m depth. Diversity' indices (H') showed low value of 1.13 in 300m depth, and high value of 2.23 in 700m depth. Dominance indices (D) showed low value of 0.14 in 700m depth, and high value of 0.54 in 300m depth. In spring, similarity analysis in each depth layers showed the difference between 900m and othe depth layer, on the contrary 500m and 700m showed the similarity. In autumn, similarity analyssis in each depth layers showed the difference between 700m and other depth layers, on the contrary 300m and 500m showed the similarity.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 1993

Wool, silk and nylon 6 fabrics were treated with low-temperature plasma under atmospheric pressure of acetone/argon or helium/argon for 30 and 180 sec, and then dyed with leveling type acid dye, C.I. Acid Red 18 and milling type acid dye, C.I. Acid Blue 83. In spite of short time of the plasma treatment for thirty seconds, the color depth of wool fabrics was increased remarkably with both of the plasma gases, aceton/argon or helium/argon and with the kinds of dyes i.e., levelin type or milling type. But the atmosperic low-temperature plasmas did not increase the depth of silk and nylon 6 fabrics dyed with both of the acid dyes regardless of the teated time and plasma gases. It seems that low-temperature plasma by atmospheric-pressure discharge is effective for improvement of dyeing of wools as is the same way with the low-temperature plasma by glow discharge. The kinds of plasma gases and treated time did not influnce the depth of wool fabric pretreted with the atmosperic low-temperature plasmas.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 1992

Wool tropical and nylon taffeta were treated with low temperature plasma of $O_2$, $N_2$, NH$_3$, CF$_4$ and CH$_4$ for the intervals of 10 to 300 sec, and then dyed with leveling and milling type acid dyes in presence or absence of buffer solution. From the color depth of dyed fabrics, effect of plasma gases, treated time, dyeing time and temperature on dyeing property was studied. The results of the experiment can be summarized as follows: 1) The plasma treatments except methane gas increased the color depth of dyed wool fabrics, but not that of dyed nylon fabrics regardless of the plasma gases used. 2) The color depth of wool fabrics dyed in the dye bath without buffer solution was increased by the low temperature plasma, especially increased much more by CF$_4$ plasma treatment. It is found that with the identification of F- ion in the residual dye bath the hydrogen fluoride gas was adsorbed on wool fabrics in the plasma treatment. 3) The color depth of wool fabrics was increased with the time of $O_2$ and CF$_4$ plasma treatments. 4) In both cases of the leveling and milling type acid dyes, the rate of dyeing was increased in the low temperature plasma treatments, and it is found that the leveling type acid dye increased the color depth at relatively low temperature below 4$0^{\circ}C$, compared with the milling type acid dye.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.2068-2082
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• 2023

With the rapid development of deep learning, Depth Map Super-Resolution (DMSR) method has achieved more advanced performances. However, when the upsampling rate is very large, it is difficult to capture the structural consistency between color features and depth features by these DMSR methods. Therefore, we propose a color-image guided DMSR method based on iterative depth feature enhancement. Considering the feature difference between high-quality color features and low-quality depth features, we propose to decompose the depth features into High-Frequency (HF) and Low-Frequency (LF) components. Due to structural homogeneity of depth HF components and HF color features, only HF color features are used to enhance the depth HF features without using the LF color features. Before the HF and LF depth feature decomposition, the LF component of the previous depth decomposition and the updated HF component are combined together. After decomposing and reorganizing recursively-updated features, we combine all the depth LF features with the final updated depth HF features to obtain the enhanced-depth features. Next, the enhanced-depth features are input into the multistage depth map fusion reconstruction block, in which the cross enhancement module is introduced into the reconstruction block to fully mine the spatial correlation of depth map by interleaving various features between different convolution groups. Experimental results can show that the two objective assessments of root mean square error and mean absolute deviation of the proposed method are superior to those of many latest DMSR methods.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2022

In the case of Mobile PKG Trend is in a situation where a decrease in Mold Top Margin is inevitable due to its miniaturization and high capacity product requirements. However, conventional laser marking technology has an average depth of deep, and when applied to narrow top margin products, PKG strength is expected to decrease due to overlapping processing, and reliability is reduced due to poor quality such as chip damage due to laser exposure. Therefore, we have secured the technology through research on low-depth laser marking solutions that can accommodate narrow top margin products. As a result of the evaluation of applicable technology application for PKG development products, it was verified that the marking depth decreased by 67% reduced and the PKG strength increased by 12%. Furthermore, the quality verification of Laser Damage that can occur through PKG Mechanical analysis was performed, and no Chip Damage defects were found. This ensured the stability of mass production application quality.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.10
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• pp.875-880
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• 2013

When we generate 3D video that provides immersive and realistic feeling to users, depth information of the scene is essential. Since the resolution of the depth map captured by a depth sensor is lower than of the color image, we need to upsample the low-resolution depth map for high-resolution 3D video generation. In this paper, we propose a depth upsampling method using depth-discontinuity information. Using the high-resolution color image and the low-resolution depth map, we detect depth-discontinuity regions. Then, we define an energy function for the depth map upsampling and optimize it using the belief propagation method. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other depth upsampling methods in terms of the bad pixel rate.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.757-769
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• 2019

The seismic performance of a coupled shear wall system is governed by the shear resistances of its coupling beams. The plate-reinforced composite (PRC) coupling beam is a newly developed form of coupling beam that exhibits high deformation and energy dissipation capacities. In this study, the shear capacity of plate-reinforced composite coupling beams was investigated. The shear strengths of PRC coupling beams with low span-to-depth ratios were calculated using a softened strut-and-tie model. In addition, a shear mechanical model and calculating method were established in combination with a multi-strip model. Furthermore, a simplified formula was proposed to calculate the shear strengths of PRC coupling beams with low span-to-depth ratios. An analytical model was proposed based on the force mechanism of the composite coupling beam and was proven to exhibit adequate accuracy when compared with the available test results. The comparative results indicated that the new shear model exhibited more reasonable assessment accuracy and higher reliability. This method included a definite mechanical model and reasonably reflected the failure mechanisms of PRC coupling beams with low span-to-depth ratios not exceeding 2.5.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.12-21
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• 1989

Laser beam welding parameters have experimentally investigated, using a continuous wave 3kW $CO_2$ laser with the various travel speeds, beam mode and laser beam power in low carbon steels. An optimum position of focus and the effect of shielding gas on penetration depth with varying the flow range of 0.5 to 5.1m/min have been combined to investigate the effect of laser power and travel speed on penetration depth and bead width. It is found that the optimum position of focus in 3kW class laser is 0.5 to 1.5mm below the surface of the material. The flow rate of shielding gas affects the penetration depth and He is more effective than Ar. The penetration depth in laser welds of low carbon steels is between two and four times of the bead width. Laser beam welding of butt joints in 2mm thick carbon steel has been carried out to establish a weldability lobe. The lobe indicating acceptable welding conditions is introduced.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.776-779
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• 1992

This paper describes the auto-depth control system with depth control tank for low speed submersible vehicle that can be used for both near surface and deeply submerged keeping operations. The PDA control algorithm is used to design controller and adaptive notch filter is designed to eliminate the dominant frequency of seaway. The computer simulations demonstrate the excellent depth keeping performance of the controller under seaway effects.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2021

The increasing effect of urbanization has been more apparent through flooding and downstream water quality especially from heavy rainfalls. In response, stormwater runoff management solutions have focused on runoff volume reduction and treatment through infiltration. However, there are areas with low infiltration soils or are experiencing more dry days and even drought. In this study, a lab-scale infiltration system was used to compare the applicability of two types of soil as base layer in gravel-filled infiltration systems with emphasis on runoff capture and suspended solids removal. The two types of soils used were sandy soil representing a high infiltration system and clayey soil representing a low infiltration system. Findings showed that infiltration rates increased with the water depth above the gravel-soil interface indicating that the available depth for water storage affects this parameter. Runoff capture in the high infiltration system is more affected by rainfall depth and inflow rates as compared to that in the low infiltration system. Based on runoff capture and pollutant removal analysis, a media depth of at least 0.4 m for high infiltration systems and 1 m for low infiltration systems is required to capture and treat a 10-mm rainfall in Korea. A maximum infiltration rate of 200 mm/h was also found to be ideal to provide enough retention time for pollutant removal. Moreover, it was revealed that low infiltration systems are more susceptible to horizontal flows and that the length of the structure may be more critical that the depth in this condition.