• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2013

The aerodynamic characteristics (subglottal pressure (Ps) and mean airflow rate (MFR)), fundamental frequency (Fo), intensity (I), vocal efficiency (VE), and closed quotient (CQ) were compared during a sustained vowel /o/ sound under three conditions: in a comfortable loudness and pitch level (condition 1), in a maximum loudness level with a fixed pitch (condition 2), and in a maximum loudness level without a fixed pitch (condition 3). Also, multiple regression analyses were done to measure the aerodynamic characteristics affect on the VE and the CQ in each condition. The results showed the Fo, Ps, MFR, VE, and CQ increased as I increased with and without fixed pitch. Most notably, VE in condition 3 was the highest of all the conditions, but CQ was not very high. By the results of multiple regression analysis, VE was significantly affected by I and Ps in all conditions; Fo was the other main key for affecting VE in high pitch. However, none of the aerodynamic characteristics significantly affected CQ. As I increases, Fo should be increased by increasing Ps and VE. Therefore, researchers should consider and specify an a priori to Fo, Ps, and I when measuring VE to examine the complex and delicate vocal mechanism.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2006

The primary goal of therapeutic intervention in dysarthric speakers is to increase the speech intelligibility. Decision of critical features to increase the intelligibility is very important in speech therapy. The purpose of this study is to know the effects of pitch increasing training (PIT) on speech of a subject with Parkinson's disease (PD). The PIT program is focused on increasing pitch while a vowel is sustained with the same loudness. The loudness level is somewhat higher than that of the habitual loudness. A 67-year-old female with PD participated in the study. Speech therapy was conducted for 4 sessions (200 minutes) for one week. Before and after the treatment, acoustic, perceptual and speech naturalness evaluation was peformed for data analysis. Speech and voice satisfaction index (SVSI) was obtained after the treatment. Results showed Improvements in voice quality and speech naturalness. In addition, the patient's satisfaction ratings (SVSI) indicated a positive relationship between improved speech production and their (the patient and care-givers) satisfaction.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2012

The purposes of this paper is to study the characteristics of compared to the speakers voice without depression and speakers with depression, and to propose a objective method for the measurement of the therapeutic effects as well as for diagnostics of depression based on the characteristics. The voice samples obtained from 11 female speakers with depression, aged from 20 to 40, diagnosed as having major depressive disorder by an psychiatrist were compared with those from 12 normal controls with matched sex, age, height, weight, education, smoking, and drinking. The voice samples are taken by a portable digital recorder(TASCAM DR-07, Japan) and analysed using the MDVP(Multi-Dimentional Voice Program) software module from CSL(Computerized Speech Lab, kay elemetrics, co, model 4100). The result of the investigation are as following. First, the average speaking fundamental frequency and loudness range of the speakers with depression group was statistically significantly lower than that of the control group. The pitch range of the control group was rather higher than that of the speakers with depression group, but without statistical significance. Overall speech rates have no statistical difference between two groups. Second, the average speaking fundamental frequency and loudness range have statistically significant negative correlation with Beck Depression Inventory, i. e. more severe depression exhibits lower average speaking fundamental frequency and loudness range. Other vocal parameters such as pitch range and overall speech rate have no statistically meaningful correlations with Beck Depression Inventory.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the acoustic characteristics of Parkinsonian speech, with respect to different utterance conditions, by employing acoustic/auditory-perceptual analysis. The subjects of the study were 15 patients (M=7, F=8) with Parkinson's disease who were asked to read out sentences under different utterance conditions (clear/casual). The sentences read out by each subject were recorded, and the recorded speech was subjected to cepstrum and spectrum analysis using Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV). Additionally, auditory-perceptual evaluation of the recorded speech was conducted with respect to breathiness and loudness. Results indicate that in the case of clear speech, there was a statistically significant increase in the cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and a decrease in the L/H ratio SD (ratio of low to high frequency spectral energy SD) and CPP F0 SD values. In the auditory-perceptual evaluation, a decrease in breathiness and an increase in loudness were noted. Furthermore, CPP was found to be highly correlated to breathiness and loudness. This provides objective evidence of the immediate usefulness of clear speech intervention in improving the voice quality of Parkinsonian speech.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.326-332
• /
• 1996

In this paper, a method to design the sending loudness rating(SLR) is proposed and the desirable transmission characteristics are considered in order to specify the transmission quality, based on the loudness ratings, for the digital telephone system that is a terminal for digital speech communication. To specify the desirable SLR for digital telephone system, the subjective test defining the preferred range of inout level for CODEC was performed. From the test results, it was identified that the optimal input level for CODEC is -15dB and the range not to cause the quantization noise and the distortion of CODEC fall within -12dB and -18dB.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to examine the correlationship among incidence, frequency, loudness, and the related predisposing factors about snoring through epidemiologic investigations. Questionaires were used for a clinic-visitor who is irrelevant to snoring, and investigated by sex, age, body mass index(below BMI), and occupation. The subjects were grouped by age; below twenties, twenties, thirties, forties, fifties, sixties, and over sixties. On using BMI, the subjects were divided into two groups; overweighed and non-overweighed group. And the occupation were simplified to two groups; physical labors and mental labors. An statistical analysis was perfomed about correlation to whether to snoring or not, its frequency, loudness and the related predisposing factors. The results were obtained as follows : 1. Snorers were commanded as 5.1% of all clinic-visitors. Male was dominant to female (p<0.01). The number of snorer was increased with age(p<0.05) and overweighed group showed higher incidence than in non-overweight group(p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference between occupation groups in incidence of snoring. 3. In case of the frequency of snoring in snoring group, there was significant increase in male, overweighed and mental labors group(p<0.01). But, there was no difference with age. 4. In case of loudness of snoring in snoring group, male, overweihged and mental labors had louder noise than in other contrary group. But there was no difference with age. 5. For the related predisposing factors to snoring, fatigue was the highest(74.4%), and alcoho and drug were followed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2013.10a
• /
• pp.525-530
• /
• 2013

With the increasing the importance of emotional quality of vehicle, the sound quality of systems with electric motor components has become increasingly important. Electric motors are used for windows, seats, sun roof, mirrors, steering columns, windshield wiper, climate control blowers, etc. In this paper, a study was conducted to identify sound quality factors that contribute to customer's satisfaction and preference of the window lift system. Jury test for subjective evaluation was carried out and sound quality index was developed. Averaged sound pressure level and sharpness were significant factors when glass moves down. Also, maximum loudness at stop section and averaged loudness were significant factor when glass moves up. Noise source identification was carried out for the reduced the loudness and sharpness during glass transferred section and impulsive noise at stop section, Using the source identification result, several improvement points were applied. And finally, the degree of sound quality improvement was judged using sound quality index.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2008

Background and Objectives : This case report aims to determine the effect of acupuncture and herbal medicine as a treatment for tinnitus. Subjects and Methods : 11 patients with tinnitus were treated by acupuncture combined with herbal medicine. Patients were evaluated with verbal numerical rating scale scores for loudness, annoyance, and awareness of tinnitus before and after treatment. Results : 9 patients reported reduction of loudness, annoyance, and awareness of tinnitus after treatment. Among them, complete suppression of the tinnitus was obtained in 1 case. 2 patients reported no improvement. Conclusions : This case study presents clinical possibility of acupuncture and herbal medicine for the treatment of tinnitus.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2012

This study is intended to design a rhythm game improving the student's capacity to learn and appreciate music. This game was tested in the music classes of an elementary school. The note patterns reflecting melody affected the perception of pitch, duration, and loudness of the music. This study also presented that the factor influencing students' immersion in music and learning music was the multi-sense of sight, hearing, and touch.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.54-59
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 청각적 감성을 만족시키는 의류소재의 개발을 위해, 직물 마찰음에 대한 인간의 감서을 생리반응측정과 심리적·주관적 평가를 통해 파악하고, 직물 마찰음이 갖는 음향특성과의 관련성을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 직물 마찰음의 음향특성을 분석하고, 직물 마찰음에 대한 감각·감성 표현어(부드러움, 시끄러움, 유쾌함, 날카로움, 맑음, 거침, 높음)를 이용하여 주관적 평가를 실시하였으며, 생리적 반응으로서의 뇌파 및 혈류량, 심박변화율, 피부전도수준 등을 측정하였다. 주관적 감각·감성은 대부분 직물 소리의 크기와 관련이 깊은 것으로 나타나, loudness(Z)와 총음압 LPT가 증가할수록 시끄럽고 거칠며 딱딱하고 불쾌하며 탁하다고 지각하였다. 생리적 반응과 관련하여서는, 부드럽고 조용하며 맑다고 지각할수록 slow alpha파가 증가하였고, 유쾌하고 매끄럽다고 평가할수록 혈류량은 증가하였다. 또한, 높다고 지각하는 소리에 대한 LF/HF는 증가하였다. 마찰음의 음향특성이 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향으로서, LPT가 혈류량의 감소에, Loudness(Z)가 피부전도수준의 증가에 각각 영향을 미치며, sharpness(Z)가 높고 ΔL이 작을수록 LF/HF는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.