• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.287-298
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• 2019

Lotus leaf has a special dual micro and nano surface structure which gives its highly hydrophobic surface characteristics and so-called self cleaning effect. In order to endow PVDF hollow fiber membrane with this special structure and improve the hydrophobicity of membrane surface, PVDF hollow fiber composite membranes was obtained through the immersion coating of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) dilute solution on the outside surface of PVDF support membrane. The prepared PVDF composite membranes were used in the vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) for the desalination. The effects of PVDF-HFP dilute solution concentration in the dope solution and coating time on VMD separation performance was studied. Membranes were characterized by SEM, WCA measurement, porosity, and liquid entry pressure of water. VMD test was carried out using $35g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NaCl aqueous solution as the feed solution at feed temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and the permeate pressure of 31.3 kPa. The vapour flux reached a maximum when PVDF-HFP concentration in the dilute solution was 5 wt% and the coating time was kept in the range of 10-60 s. This was attributed to the well configuration of micro-nano rods which was similar with the dual micro-nano structure on the lotus leaf. Compared with the original PVDF membrane, the salt rejection can be well maintained which was greater than 99.99 % meanwhile permeation water conductivity was kept at a low value of $7-9{\mu}S{\cdot}cm^{-1}$ during the continuous testing for 360 h.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2012

To enhance the application of lotus roots and to provide basic data for processed foods with lotus roots, lotus root powder was processed under four different conditions, and their physicochemical properties were analyzed as follows. In the Hunter's color value results, the salted sample had the highest L value, and the vinegared sample had the highest a and b values. The water-holding capacities of the salted, vinegared, and blanched samples were higher than that of the control sample. The amylase contents were in the 19.57-20.43% range but were not significant. The swelling power and solubility of the processed samples increased as the temperature rose. The blanched sample had the highest swelling power and solubility (65 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively). The crystallinity of the processed samples, as determined via X-ray diffraction, reached their peak at $16.9^{\circ}$, and the other peaks at 14.6, 22.2, and $23.8^{\circ}$ were typical of the B type. In addition, the relative crystallinity, gelatinization temperature, and enthalpy, as determined via DSC thermogram, were highest in the vinegared sample and lowest in the blanched sample. In the amylogram results, the vinegared sample had the highest maximum viscosity and breakdown. The retrogradation of the vinegared sample was the slowest as its setback value was the lowest.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.777-783
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• 2010

The effects of packaging materials and storage temperature on the quality of dried lotus roots (NelumbonuciferaG.) were studied during 330 days of storage. Using four commercial types of packaging, (PE [polyethylene] film bags, PP [polypropylene] film bags, gunny roll, and paper bags), and four different storage temperatures (-5, 0, 10, and $20^{\circ}C$), changes in moisture content, hardness, color, and sensory qualities of dried lotus roots were investigated. The moisture contents of dried lotus roots stored in PE and PP film bags were higher than those of roots stored in gunny and paper bags. A major difference in moisture content was apparent when roots stored in gunny bags and paper bags were compared. Hue angle values were stable in roots stored in gunny and paper bags at all temperatures. Hardness decreased slightly with increased storage time in PE and PP film bags. Decay rate and marketability of roots stored in PE and PP film bags at $-5^{\circ}C$ were acceptable. The results showed that dried roots packaged with PE and PP were stable in quality, in contrast to roots stored in gunny and paper bags.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.171-172
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• 2005

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.713-715
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.393-394
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• 2010

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.477-486
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of lotus leaf extract on the physicochemical characteristics of ground pork stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Four types of ground pork were evaluated: ice water added (T0), 3% lotus leaf extract added (T1), 7% lotus leaf extract added (T2), and 10% lotus leaf extract added (T3). The pH was increased during storage, but decreased after 10 days of storage (p<0.05). The TBARS increased with a longer storage period (p<0.05), and those of T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 0.777, 0.244, 0.185, 0.182 mg MA/kg, respectively, after 10 days of storage. The VBN content of T0 and T1 increased with a longer storage period (p<0.05), but those of T2 and T3 were not significantly changed. In the case of surface color, the $L^*$ increased with a longer storage period, and that of T0 was the highest (p<0.05). The $a^*$ decreased with a longer storage period, and the $b^*$ was the highest after 1 day of storage (p<0.05). In the case of internal color, $L^*$ was not significantly changed, and $a^*$ was decreased with a longer storage period (p<0.05). The $b^*$ increased with a longer storage period (p<0.05). Water holding capacity increased with a longer storage period, and those of T2 and T3 were the highest (p<0.05). Cooking loss decreased with a longer storage period, and those of T0 and T1 were higher than those of T2 and T3 (p<0.05). Hardness and chewiness were not significantly different with a longer storage period, or among any samples.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.563-569
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• 2011

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are food mutagens and carcinogens that are found in cooked fish, meat, and protein-rich foods. This study examined the inhibitory effect of marinades containing a Nelumbo nucifera leaf fraction on HCA formation in cooked beef steak. As a result of the Ames assay, cooked beef marinated with the N. nucifera leaf butanol fraction (2.0 g) cooked at $190^{\circ}C$ showed a 61.5% reduction in overall mutagenicity. However, these data revealed no significant difference in mutagenicity in the ethanol, ethyl acetate, or water fractions. Formation of MeIQx (2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoxalin) and PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine) was inhibited 60.7-63.5%. Cooked beef marinated with the water fraction of the N. nucifera leaf significantly (p<0.05) reduced the formation of MeIQx, PhIP, and DiMeIQx (2-amino-3,4,8 trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoxaline) by 65.3, 67.6, and 73.9%, respectively. These results show that marinades containing the N. nucifera leaf fraction could be an alternative method for reducing HCA formation in cooked beef steak.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.12-22
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to select suitable planting base for the mat-type rooftop greening in order to popularize rooftop greening system easily. The experiment was conducted from 2004 June to 2005 May under several conditions; 4 soil depths under mats(2cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15cm), two soil mixtures(natural soil 80%+leaf mold 20%, artificial soil) and two light conditions(full sun place, 20% shaded place). In this experiment, 3 types of mats were used ; the herbaceous plants mat(11 plants inclusive of Lotus corniculatus L., Silene armeria L.), the lawn mat with Festica arundinacea and Sedum mat with Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum oryzifolium, Sedum middendorffianum. The result is as follows; in the mat-type rooftop greening, the herbaceous plants mat, lawn mat and sedum mat are the similar number of plant and effect of greening on soil depth 2cm, 5cm and 10cm, 15cm. So suitable soil depth of rooftop greening is 10cm for the load and economical factor. Thus the mat-type rooftop greening possible planting base depth of all 13cm as soil depth 10cm and mat depth 3cm. As soil mixtures, the number and growth of plants were better mat and 'natural soil 80% +leaf mold 20%' than mat and artificial soil. In herbaceous plants mat, Silene armeria L., Dianthus chinensis, Centaurea cyanus L., Lotus corniculatus L. are survival in full sun place and Silene armeria L., Dianthus chinensis, Centaurea cyanus L. are survival in 20% shaded place. In conclusion, selection of suitable soil mixtures and plants is possible extensive management rooftop greening with effect of continuous greening. The mat-type rooftop greening are lightweight and simple preparation without management and can popularize readily.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

The present study was aimed to investigate whether ethanol-extract of Nelumbo nucifera has an ameliorative effect on the renal function in high fructose-diet induced hypertensive rats. The urine osmolality (Uosmel) was decreased in rats with high fructose-diet ($60\%$) during the whole experiment period without change of the urine volume (UV). The urinary excretion of sodium and chloride were decrease significantly in rats with fructose induced hypertensive rats, wheras urinary excretion of potassium was increased. The creatinine clearance (CCr) and solute-free water reabsorption were also decreased by treatment of fructose rich diet. Among these renal functional parameters, CCr was partially restored by the administration of ethanol-extract of Nelumbo nucifera. The Uosmol was also partially restored by the administration ethanol-extract of Nelumbo nucifera at the end of the experimental period. Taken together, ethanol-extract of Nelumbo nucifera has the ameliorative effect on glomerular filtration rate in rats with high fructose-diet induced hypertension.