• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to report the effect of Korean medicine treatments on allergic contact dermatitis aggravated after applying steroid ointment. Methods : We treated a 63-year-old woman with allergic contact dermatitis on the both forearm, jaw, neck, chest with Korean medicine. Before Korean medicine treatments she has taken oral steroids and applied steroid ointment for several years to treat dermatitis, but long-tern steroid therapy aggravated her symptoms like skin pruritus, erythema, exudates or edema. After Korean medical treatment for 27 days, we found that the size of erythema was reduced, and symptoms like pruritus, exudates and edema were lost. We recorded pictures of changes on symptoms. Results & Conclusions : The symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis were improved. Erythema, edema, exudate were lost. Thus Korean medicine treatments are effective on allergic contact dermatitis and could be a great alternative to steroid treatment.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2007

The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments in two watersheds, one naturally regenerating and one artificially planted, in Sacheon-myun, Gangneung-si, Gangwon Province, were measured two years after a forest fire in 2000. Sediment losses occurred five times in the course of the year. In the artificially planted watershed, $50{\sim}140$ times more nitrogen and $54{\sim}139$ times more phosphorus were lost with sediments during heavy rains, from July to August, than in the naturally regenerating watershed. When the typhoon Rusa struck the country, 1,389 times more nitrogen and 1,647 times more phosphorus were lost from the artificial watershed. In spite of the limited scope of this study, these results suggest that artificially planted watersheds are extremely vulnerable to catastrophic natural disasters such as typhoons. Elevated loss of nutrients in the artificially planted watershed might have resulted from the mechanized silvicultural practices employed immediately after the fire. To maximize soil preservation, the timing and necessity of plantation practices should be reconsidered, and rapidly regenerating vegetation should be protected to promote nutrient uptake and to mitigate nutrient loss from burned forests.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.411-420
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• 2012

This paper presents the most recent data on cancer rates and the burden of cancer in the ASEAN region. Epidemiological data were sourced from GLOBOCAN 2008 and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost were estimated using the standard methodology developed within the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease study. Overall, it was estimated there were over 700,000 new cases of cancer and 500,000 cancer deaths in ASEAN in the year 2008, leading to approximately 7.5 million DALYs lost in one year. The most commonly diagnosed cancers were lung (98,143), breast (86,842) and liver cancers (74,777). The most common causes of cancer death were lung cancer (85,772), liver cancer (69,115) and colorectal cancer (44,280). The burden of cancer in terms of DALYs lost was highest in Laos, Viet Nam and Myanmar and lowest in Brunei, Singapore and the Philippines. Significant differences in the patterns of cancer from country to country were observed. Another key finding was the major impact played by population age distribution on cancer incidence and mortality. Cancer rates in ASEAN are expected to increase with ageing of populations and changes in lifestyles associated with economic development. Therefore, ASEAN member countries are strongly encouraged to put in place cancer-control health care policies, focussed on strengthening the health systems to cope with projected increases in cancer prevention, treatment and management needs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.118-127
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• 2022

This study analyzes the characteristics of occupational accidents of food delivery via motorcycle in terms of accident probability and work-days. Depending on their employment status, food-delivery workers were divided into "employed" workers (who work for restaurants) and "special-type" workers (who work for delivery platforms). Collected data include occupational accident-information during the last two years (1,468 cases for employed workers and 4,899 cases for special-type workers) and their risk information such as age, work experience, accident location, season of the accident, and weather conditions. The study finds that special-type workers had a significantly higher accident probability for the younger age group (80.8%), while employed workers had more accidents in both 20's or younger (34.9%) and 50's or older (25.4%). The number of work-days-lost was higher for special-type workers with less work experience, and it decreased with increasing work experience. Moreover, the chance for accidents was higher at night time (55%) than for day time (45%) for special-type workers as well as for employed workers. The number of work-days-lost was higher in foreign workers (180.79 days) than in Korean workers (121.44 days). Accident probability (30.7%) and work-days-lost (136.2 days) was higher in winter than in other seasons. In addition, accidents-per-day was higher on snowy days (12.7 cases per day) than rainy (8.1) and windy days (7.1). In addition, it was found that deadly accidents mainly caused injuries to face, head, and chest, while non-deadly accidents affected mainly the legs and feet. This study enables the development of better policies to prevent accidents of food delivery workers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2083-2087
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• 2014

Colorectal cancers remain to be a common cause of cancer-related death. Early-onset cases as well as those of various ethnic origins have aggressive clinical features, the basis of which requires further exploration. The aim of this work was to examine the expression patterns of $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4 in colorectal carcinoma of different ethnic origins. Fifty-five sporadic colorectal carcinoma of Egyptian origin, 25 of which were early onset, and 54 cancers of Finnish origin were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4 proteins. Data were compared to the methylation status of the $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor. $p15^{INK4b}$ was totally lost or deficient (lost in ${\geq}50%$ of tumor cell) in 47/55 (85%) tumors of Egyptian origin as compared to 6/50 (12%) tumors of Finnish origin (p=7e-15). In the Egyptian cases with $p15^{INK4b}$ loss and available $p15^{INK4b}$ promotor methylation status, 89% of cases which lost $p15^{INK4b}$ expression were associated with $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor hypermethylation. SMAD4 was lost or deficient in 25/54 (46%) tumors of Egyptian origin and 28/48 (58%) tumors of Finnish origin. 22/54 (41%) Egyptian tumors showed combined loss/deficiency of both $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4, while $p15^{INK4b}$ was selectively lost/deficient with positive SMAD4 expression in 24/54 (44%) tumors. Loss of $p15^{INK4b}$ was associated with older age at presentation (>50 years) in the Egyptian tumors (p=0.04). These data show for the first time that $p15^{INK4b}$ loss of expression marks a subset of colorectal cancers and ethnic origin may play a role in this selection. In a substantial number of cases, the loss was independent of SMAD4 but rather associated with $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor hypermethylation and old age which could be related to different environmental exposures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.6903-6908
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• 2015

Background: As smoking is the leading preventable cause of multiple diseases and premature cancer deaths, estimating the burden of cancer attributable to smoking has become the standard in documenting the adverse impact of smoking. In Indonesia, there is a dearth of studies assessing the economic costs of cancers related to smoking. This study aimed to estimate indirect mortality costs of premature cancer deaths and years of potential life lost (YPLL) attributable to smoking among the Indonesian population. Materials and Methods: A prevalence based method was employed. Using national data, we estimated smoking-attributable cancer mortality in 2013. Premature mortality costs and YPLL were estimated by calculating number of cancer deaths, life expectancy, annual income, and workforce participation rate. A human capital approach was used to calculate the present value of lifetime earnings (PVLE). A discount rate of 3% was applied. Results: The study estimated that smoking attributable cancer mortality was 74,440 (30.6% of total cancer deaths), comprised of 95% deaths in men and 5% in women. Cancers attributed to smoking wereresponsible for 1,207,845 YPLL. Cancer mortality costs caused by smoking accounted for USD 1,309 million in 2013. Among all cancers, lung cancer is the leading cause of death and economic burden. Conclusions: Cancers related to smoking pose an enormous economic burden in Indonesia. Therefore, tobacco control efforts need to be prioritized in order to prevent more losses to the nation. The data of this study are important for advocating national tobacco control policy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2515-2521
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to analyze the mortality and potential years of life lost (PYLL) by malignant neoplasm of lung between OECD countries and Korea. Based on the result, we tried to point out a problem on mortality caused malignant neoplasm of lung to make the best strategy for policy and education on public health. Using the ANOVA analysis between Korean and OECD countries, the lung cancer-induced mortality and PYLL in total and gender-specific Korean population were greater after 21th century than before. In particular, the PYLL was sharply elevated than the mortality. Taken together, the present study indicated that the lung cancer-induced PYLL between Korean and OECD countries can be more important parameter.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.40-49
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• 2013

In the beginning of $20^{th}$ century, the coal mining industry had an important role in Japan at which two-thirds of the coal product came from the Kitakyushu-Chikuho District (KCD). As a consequence of mining activities, land-use condition in this district showed notable changes. This paper presented a study of land-use changes in coal mining area by characterizing land-use pattern transition over the last 100 years. In order to carry out the rigorous analysis of land-use, a series of land-use maps over the last 100 years was developed using geographic information systems (GIS). The historic topographic map and another available old data were used to investigate the long-term changes of land-use associated with past mining within the GIS platform. The results showed that the utilization of a series of developed land-use maps successfully indicated the difference of land-use pattern in the KCD before and after the peak of mining activities. The general findings from land-use analysis described that forest and farm lands were lost and turned into abandoned sites in the last 100 years.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7743-7748
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• 2015

Background: Thyroid tumors are generally regarded as rare malignancies. Nowadays, however, their global incidence is growing continuously partially due to western life style and utilization of more sensitive methods of early detection. It is approximately three times more prevalent in females than in males. Most cases of thyroid cancer are asymptomatic nodules or just have local cervical symptoms or adenopathy in early stages. Materials and Methods: The Global Burden of Diseases report 2010 study (released 3/2013) profited from 100 collaborators worldwide and used a vast network of data on health outcomes, vital registries, and population surveys. It shared many of the Global Burden of Diseases 1990 principal databases such as all available data on injuries, diseases, risk factors, as well as comparable metrics, and used different scientific approved methods to estimate important health status data like: death rate, life expectancy, healthy adjusted life expectancy, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of living lost due to premature death and years of life with disabilities. Results: DALY as thyroid cancer burden per 100,000 Iranian populations had increased by about 14% during 1990 to 2010 in all ages; from 6.1 (95% UI 4.2-9.74) years in 1990 to 6.95 (95% UI 5.06-9.18) years in 2010 in both sex. The 2010 peak age-group was estimated at 45-49 years in males and 40-45 years in females.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.108-115
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• 1986

During 12 years period from 1974 to 1985, 76 valve replacement procedures were performed at Seoul National University Hospital in 67 pediatric patients aging up to 15 years [mean 12.3 years] and it was 7.3% of total valve replacement procedures in same period. Sixty seven patients were composed of 44 males and 23 females. Of the 67 patients, 43 patients had acquired valve lesions and 24 patients congenital valve lesions. Sixty cases received single valve replacement, 7 cases double or triple valve replacement and 9 cases redo-valve replacement. Sixty seven patients received 84 valves [65 bioprosthetic valves and 19 prosthetic valves by] 76 operations, Sixty three of 65 bioprosthetic valves had been replaced before 1983 and 15 of 19 prosthetic valves in recent 2 years. Eleven patients [14.6%] died within one month post-operatively and 8 patients [10.5%] during the follow-up period with the overall mortality rate of 25.1%. There were early post-operative complication of 23 cases [30.3%] and late post-operative complication of 27 cases [35.3%] with the total complication rate of 65.8%. In 58 patients received bioprosthetic valves, there were 14 cases of restenosis of replaced valves. Of the 14 cases of bioprosthetic valve restenosis, 8 cases received redo-valve replacement procedures without mortality in 1 5/12-5 years after initial operation but 4 cases died without reoperation and 2 cases lost during follow-up. The overall mortality and complication rate were still high but they markedly decreased during recent 2 years. So, in spite of its containing many problems, valve replacement in children is becoming safe and useful procedure in whom valve reconstructive procedures are impossible.