• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1404-1414
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• 2016

Cross-layer design is a concept, which captures the dependencies and interactions and enables information sharing among layers in order to improve the network performance and security. There are two key challenges in wireless networks, lossy features of links and power assumption of network nodes. Cross-layer design of congestion control and power allocation in wireless lossy networks has been studied in the existing literature; however, there has been no contribution proposed in the literature that exploits the path diversity. In this paper, we are motivated to develop a cross-layer design of congestion control and power allocation, which takes into account lossy features of wireless links and transmission powers of network nodes and can be implemented in a distributed manner. Numerical simulation is conducted to illustrate the performance of our proposed algorithm and the comparison with current alternative approaches.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권5B호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2003

본 논문은 TCP-Reno등의 TCP 등에서 사용되는 다른 혼잡 제어 알고리즘보다 에러가 많은 무선 환경에 더욱 강인한 향상된 TCP 혼잡 제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 혼잡 윈도우 크기를 패킷 에러율과 현 TCP의 상태가 fast recovery 혹은 slow start 상태에 있느냐에 따라 결정한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안하는 알고리즘의 유효성을 보여 주며, 여러 TCP 혼잡 제어 알고리즘들과 혼잡 윈도우 크기와 효율과 같은 성능 지표 관점에서 비교하였다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 다른 알고리즘보다 높은 PER하에서는 높은 효율을 가지며, 낮은 PER하에서는 비슷한 효율을 가진다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.806-817
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• 2016

Opportunistic routing (OR) has been proposed as a viable approach to improve the performance of wireless multihop networks with lossy links. However, the exponential growth of the bandwidth-sensitive mobile traffic (e.g., mobile video streaming and online gaming) poses a great challenge to the performance of OR in term of bandwidth guarantee. To solve this problem, a novel mechanism is proposed to opportunistically forwarding data packets and provide bandwidth guarantee for the bandwidth-sensitive traffic. The proposal exploits the broadcast characteristic of wireless transmission and reduces the negative effect of wireless lossy links. First, the expected available bandwidth (EAB) and the expected transmission cost (ETC) under OR are estimated based on the local available bandwidth, link delivery probability, forwarding candidates, and prioritization policy. Then, the policies for determining and prioritizing the forwarding candidates is devised by considering the bandwidth and transmission cost. Finally, bandwidth-aware routing algorithm is proposed to opportunistically delivery data packets; meanwhile, admission control is applied to admit or reject traffic flows for bandwidth guarantee. Extensive simulation results show that our proposal consistently outperforms other existing opportunistic routing schemes in providing performance guarantee.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2008

무선 애드-혹 망에서 경쟁기반 전달방식은 다중 수신자 중에서 채널상태가 최적인 수신자를 선택하므로 전송실패율을 낮춘다. 그러나, 경쟁기반 전달방식은 다중 수신자간에 동시전송에 따른 충돌문제로 인하여 전송지연을 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 손실이 있는 무선 링크 환경에서 경쟁기반 전달방식이 경험할 수 있는 지연 및 충돌을 반영한 분석모델을 제시한다. 분석모델을 통해서 무선링크모델 및 지연모델에 따른 단일-홉 전송에서의 기대되는 전송지연(delay)과 목적지로의 전진(progress)을 구한다. 분석결과로써 최적의 지연 및 전진을 얻기 위해서는 무선링크의 특성이 고려된 지연모델이 선택되어야함을 밝힌다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.2002-2019
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• 2017

RPL routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) recommended IPv6 based protocol for routing over Low power Lossy Networks (LLNs). RPL is proposed for networks with characteristics like small packet size, low bandwidth, low data rate, lossy wireless links and low power. RPL is a proactive routing protocol that creates a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of the network topology. RPL is increasingly used for Internet of Things (IoT) which comprises of heterogeneous networks and applications. RPL proposes a single path routing strategy. The forwarding technique of RPL does not support multiple paths between source and destination. Multipath routing is an important strategy used in both sensor and ad-hoc network for performance enhancement. Multipath routing is also used to achieve multi-fold objectives including higher reliability, increase in throughput, fault tolerance, congestion mitigation and hole avoidance. In this paper, M-RPL (Multi-path extension of RPL) is proposed, which aims to provide temporary multiple paths during congestion over a single routing path. Congestion is primarily detected using buffer size and packet delivery ratio at forwarding nodes. Congestion is mitigated by creating partially disjoint multiple paths and by avoiding forwarding of packets through the congested node. Detailed simulation analysis of M-RPL against RPL in both grid and random topologies shows that M-RPL successfully mitigates congestion and it enhances overall network throughput.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.29 No.1 (A)
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• pp.217-219
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• 2002

TCP has been designed and tuned as a reliable transfer protocol far wired links. However, it incurs end-to-end performance degradation in wireless environments where packet loss is very high. TCP HACK(Header Checksum Option) is a novel mechanism proposed to improve original TCP in lossy link. It presents an extension to TCP that enables TCP to distinguish packet corruption from congestion in losssy environments. TCP HACK performs well when the sender receives the special ACKs correctly, hut if the ACKs are also lost much, the efficient of TCP HACK will net be prominent. In this paper we present an extension to TCP HACK, which can perform well even when the ACKs are much corrupted.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2015

To increase the overall utility and decrease the link delay and power consumption, a joint optimal cross-layer design of congestion control at the transport layer, link delay at the data link layer and power allocation at the physical layer for mobile ad hoc networks is considered in this paper. As opposed to previous work, the rate outage probability in this work is based on exactly closed-form; therefore, the proposed method can guarantee the globally optimal solutions to the underlying problem. The non-convex formulated problem is transformed into a convex one, which is solved by exploiting the duality technique. Finally, simulation results verify that our proposal achieves considerable benefits over the existing method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.3110-3125
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• 2014

Network coding improves TCP's performance in lossy wireless networks. However, the complex congestion window evolution of network coded TCP (TCP-NC) makes the analysis of end-to-end throughput challenging. This paper analyzes the evolutionary process of TCP-NC against lossy links. An analytic model is established by applying a two-dimensional Markov chain. With maximum window size, end-to-end erasure rate and redundancy parameter as input parameters, the analytic model can reflect window evolution and calculate end-to-end throughput of TCP-NC precisely. The key point of our model is that by the novel definition of the states of Markov chain, both the number of related states and the computation complexity are substantially reduced. Our work helps to understand the factors that affect TCP-NC's performance and lay the foundation of its optimization. Extensive simulations on NS2 show that the analytic model features fairly high accuracy.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1477-1483
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• 2020

무선 링크의 불확실성과 임베디드 장치의 결함으로 인하여 무선 네트워크 기반 제어 시스템의 안정성을 보장하는 것은 여전한 도전과제이다. 본 논문에서는 시간, 채널 및 공간 자원의 다양성을 조합하여 계층적 클러스터 기반 고강건 무선 센서 액추에이터 네트워크(R-WSAN; Robust Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network )를 제시한다. R-WSAN은 무선 네트워크 자원 할당을 위한 스케줄링 알고리즘과 다중 플랜트의 제어 안정성을 보장하기 위한 제어 업무 공유 알고리즘을 포함한다. 또한, 제시된 프로토콜은 Zolertia RE-Mote 임베디드 하드웨어와 Contiki-NG를 기반으로 구현되고, 실험을 통하여 성능을 분석 하였다. 실험 결과를 통해 R-WSAN이 무선 링크 및 노드의 결함에도 고강건성을 보장하는 것을 보여 주었다. 또한, 제시된 스케줄링 알고리즘과 제어 공유 알고리즘을 통해, 제어 노드의 결함에도 제어 시스템의 안정성을 보장할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제9C권2호
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• pp.197-212
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• 2002

지난 20년 동안 인터넷의 핵심 기술로서 Transmission Control of Protocol(TCP)는 데이터 전송 기능을 성공적으로 수행한 것으로 평가된다. 신뢰성 있는 데이터 전송을 수행하기 위해서 TCP는 양방향이 동일한 특성을 갖는 유선통신망을 가정하고 있고, 특히 패킷 손실의 원인을 네트워크의 혼잡(congestion)으로 가정하여 slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, fast recovery 알고리즘을 적용하고 있다. 그러나 무선이동통신망과 위성통신망에서는 패킷 손실이 링크 자체의 에러 또는 핸드오프에 의한 순간적인 접속단전에 의해서 발생되고, ADSL과 같은 비대칭형 통신망은 양방향이 다른 링크 특성을 갖는다. 따라서 다양한 통신망의 링크 특성에 따라 TCP의 기능은 수정되거나 새롭게 구현되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 유무선 링크와 위성 링크에서의 기존 TCP 문제를 분석하고, IETF Performance Implication of Link Characteristics(PILC) WG[2]에서 권고한 TCP 표준 메커니즘을 분석하고, 이에 대한 성능을 Network Simulator 2(NS-2)를 이용하여 분석한다.