• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.149-162
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the meanings and nature of ICU admission experienced among patients with critical illness. The present study adopted a hermeneutic phenomenological method which was developed by van Manen. Methods: The participants for this study were 6 men and 3 women, who were over the age of 20 with ICU admission period more than 3 days. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews and observations from March, 2007 to September, 2007. The contents of the interviews were tape-recorded with the consent of the subject. Results: The essential themes that fit into the context of the 4 existential grounds of body, time, space and other people were as follows: a body that cannot react the way it wants, a wave of fear and insecurity everywhere, a struggle to survive, coming out from death's door, loss of time path, a long and continued waiting until escaping, more of machinery room than a patient's room, existence of life and death, an abyss of suffering seen thru another patient, taken care of by a doctor, trust and distrust, family, the ultimate safe zone. Conclusion: Critically ill patients in ICU experienced feelings of discomfort, unsafety, and insecurity. The result of this study can give nurses some insight into these experiences and help promote empathetic care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.462-472
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to describe the spiritual care experiences of student nurses after they have received 2 credits in a spiritual nursing care course at a university in Seoul, Korea. The major finding are as follow: 1 The problems that students reported for their patients were. loss of self- confidence, anxiety about outward appearance, anxiety about his(her) health and illness, maladaptability, guilt, problems with dating, uncertainty about his (her) future. 2. The methods which students used to help solve the patients' problems were: prayer with patients, use of Scripture, conversation, advice, frequent meetings listening, frequent phone call, writing letters, exploring problem solving methods together, and introduction of similar patients. 3. After the students had experienced spiritual nursing care they felt satis-faction, lack of knowledge of spiritual care, understood that spiritual nursing care courses at the university are important for education and experience, and understood the need for experience to increase sensitivity to the spiritual needs of their patients. Conclusion : Maintaining spiritual wellness is a important as maintaining physical fitness and essential for optimal well being. Therefore educating student nurses in developing and maintaining spiritual wellness is essential in order for them to help their patients achieve holism.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.187-199
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe experiences of sexual life among Korean women with breast cancer. Methods: Data were collected by focus group and individual tape-recorded interviews. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Participants were 13 women who had stage I, II, or III breast cancer. Four major categories were discovered. "Not interested in sexual life at all" in which participants described their struggle to live while avoiding sexual life during initial stages of disease. "Sexual life that could not go back to previous normal life" in which participants described how they began to recognize many problems related to their sexual life resulting from the loss of femininity and pain during intercourse. "Dangerous marriage due to no sexual life" in which participants illustrated how no or unsatisfactory sexual life threatened their entire marriage and family life. Finally, "rediscovery of sexual life as a vital element in life" in which participants described how, with support from their spouse, they came to realize that sexual life was an important and vital part of their life. Conclusions: The results of this study could help in developing-educational programs to improve sexual well-being of women with breast cancer and their spouses.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.624-633
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the sexual behavior, health risk related to reproductive health, and characteristics of sexual experience among college students in Korea. Methods: Six thousands college students were selected through proportional quota sampling based on region, college, and gender. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to describe the data. Results: Thirty eight percent (N=2,285) of the participants reported sexual intercourse. The mean age of first time sexual intercourse was 19.3 years old. Respondents reported the following health risks such as smoking, drinking, not exercising, no regular meal patterns, chronic disease status, and weight loss over 10 kg in the past three months showed significant differences by sexual intercourse experience (p<.01). Among those who had sexual intercourse experiences, 7.1% of them reported having a history of STDs and 11.6% reported a pregnancy or pregnancy of one's partner. Conclusion: The findings of this study reflect the current trends of sex behaviors among college students and correlations between health risks related to reproductive health and sexual intercourse experiences. Developing reproductive health education programs based on the findings and providing the programs to college students through a school nurse is suggested.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this qualitative study is to explore the health problems and coping experiences of middle-aged and elderly women in the community. Methods: A total of five focus group interviews were conducted with three groups of middle-aged and two groups of elderly women. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Results: Health problems were categorized as confusion caused by problems that are difficult to handle alone in the middle-aged group and suffering originated by confronting changes in roles and environment in the elderly group. The health problems included stress, suffering, anxiety and social withdrawal as subcategories for the middle-aged women, and the stress, sense of loss, fear, and limited social activities caused by their life events for the elderly women. Meanwhile, the contents of categories about coping were revealed as the beginning of care for the body and mind for healthy life in the middle-aged group and active practice with insight into a healthy lifestyle in the elderly group. While the middle-aged women focused on themselves, attempted changes and started to take care of themselves, the elderly women interacted with the outside world, hardened their mind, made efforts for a dignified death, and managed health by their own methods. Conclusion: There were differences in the experiences of middle-aged and elderly women in accepting their health problems and coping. Nursing interventions reflecting these findings can help to manage and promote the health of middle-aged and elderly women based on an integrated perspective.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.335-356
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• 2013

Physical resources are central to coping with economic hardships for people in low-income, yet life experiences such as resource loss and gain and their relationships with a sense of well-being received scarce attention. Thus this study investigated levels of loss and gain of physical resources, economic stability and well-being of 254 adults who participated in welfare-to-work programs; correlations and paths among these variables; and direct and indirect effects of economic stability by structural equation modeling. Major results were: first, the levels of resource loss and gain were below a moderate level and the level of gain was significantly higher than the loss level. Second, in the relationships with both economic stability and well-being, resource loss showed negative correlations, while resource gain showed significantly positive correlations. Third, the negative direct effect of resource loss either on the economic stability or on the well-being respectively was significant and the indirect effect on well-being through economic stability was also significant. Finally, the direct effect of resource gain on either economic stability or well-being was significant; and the indirect effect of resource gain on well-being was also significant. Thus in both models for resource loss and gain, the indirect effect of economic stability was significant, which supports partial mediation model. Based on these results, implications for social work practice and research were examined, particularly for enabling social work practice to utilize information regarding resource loss and gain, economic stability, and a sense of well-being that were embedded in the community life of people in low-income.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.399-432
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand the adjustment process of families adopting an older child, and to generate a substantial theory. To achieve this purpose, we conducted in-depth interviews with mothers adopting an older child and analyzed data with qualitative analysis approach. From the analysis, theoretical model has been made, and the model includes the adoptive families' diverse experiences, barriers to adjustment as well as resources and strategies that they mobilized and used for smooth adjustment. Their experiences in the process of adjustment consisted of five phases: unfamiliar meeting, shock, fighting alone without support, control, and stability. Barriers to adjustment process were composed of adoptees' problem behaviors, loss of time, lack of preparation, lack of experiences, repetition of the vicious circle, withstanding alone, improper resources, lack of support, and being criticized. Resources and strategies that families adopting an older child utilized were individual resources and ability such as rearing experiences, intellectual ability, willingness, belief, and perspective change; family system such as spouse and other offsprings; informal support system such as extended families, relatives, friends, neighbors, and other families adopting an older child; formal resources such as adoption workers and helping professionals. From our results, we suggested policy and practice guidelines to help adjustment experiences for families adopting an older child.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.501-516
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to explore the fundamental nature and meanings of the experiences of university students with regard to their smartphone usage in order to prevent smartphone addiction and provide guidelines to develop effective interventions. Nine university students who were currently enrolled in an university located in a Korean province participated in this study. In-depth interviews were conducted from June of 2012 to July of 2012, and data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological qualitative method. As a results, five theme and 40 subthemes of experiences of problematic smartphone usage were identified. Those themes include 1) a desperate try to connect with others(exposing oneself without appropriate self-protection, seeking emotional comfort, hurt and mistrust); 2) excessive use of smartphone and loss of self-control(more smartphone usage over computer/over-immersion/excessive usage/habituation, loss of self-control); 3) psychological difficulties(excessive attachment and dependence, separation anxiety, clingingness, reduced patience) ; 4) threats to daily functioning (changes in priorities, regressed independent daily functioning, irregular daily patterns, health problems, interruptions from free messenger, academic difficulties); 5) potential for recovery(conflictual feelings and doubts over smartphone usage, importance of interpersonal(face-to-face) communications, willingness to cut down the use, hope for recovery). This study provided suggestions for the prevention effort against smartphone addiction.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.271-277
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• 2003

It is important to control layer current distributions of coaxial multi-layer HTS cables, because a homogeneous layer current distribution decreases AC loss and can supply the largest operational current. We have extended the theory that treat the operational current more than the critical current by considering V-I nonlinear characteristics of HTS tapes including flux flow resistance and contacting resistance between the cable and terminals. It is important to investigate the current distribution under the condition of operational current more than the critical current of cable, because the cable has experiences of fault current. In order to verify the extended theory, we have fabricated a two layers cable with the same twisting layer pitch. It was observed that almost all the operational current less than the critical current flowed on the outer layer because of its lower inductance. In case of operational current more than critical currents of layers, the flux flow resistances affect strongly current waveform and thereby the currents of layers were determined by the flux flow resistances. And we investigated breakdown characteristics in $LN_{2}$/paper composite insulation system for the application to a HTS cable. In this experiment, we got some information out of that the electrical characteristics of the insulation materials depends on the condition of butt gap.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1997

Heat-transfer enhancement is seeked through modifications of fin surface. Real life plate-fin heat exchangers have complex three-dimensional geometries. Fins can have arrays of dimples and are attached to rows of penetrating tubes. To isolate the effect of surface modification, we model the real flow by a two-dimensional channel flow with a dimple on one side. The flow is analysed by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation by a finite volume method on a generalized boundary-fitted coordinate. Results show a trapped vortex inside the dimple for all cases computed. Local maximum of Nusselt number occurs near the downstream end of the dimple, due to such a vortex. Location of the vortex does not change with respect to the wall temperature change, but moved downstream when Reynolds number increases. This, together with the results that in all cases vortex core is somewhat downstream of the dimple center, suggests that the mean flow above continuously feeds the kinetic energy to the recirculating flow. Heat transfer enhancement and pressure losses are studied through analysing the relevant dimensionless parameters like, Nusselt number and friction factor. In all cases computed, dimpled channel flow experiences less pressure loss than two-dimensional Poiseuille flow.