• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.63 no.2
• /
• pp.199-210
• /
• 2021

A number of management issues can be used as drivers for change in order to improve animal welfare and nursing capacity of the hyperprolific sow. Group housing of sows during gestation is a recommended practice from the perspective of animal welfare. Related health issues include reproductive health and the locomotor system. It appears that management of pregnant sows in groups is challenging for a producer and considerable skill is required. We explored the benefits and challenges of group housing, including feeding issues. Increasing litter size requires additional attention to the mammary gland and its ability to provide sufficient nursing for the growing litter. We discuss the fundamentals of mammary development and the specific challenges related to the hyperprolific sow. We also address challenges with the farrowing environment. It appears that the old-fashioned farrowing crate is not only outdated in terms of welfare from the public's perspective, but also fails to provide the environment that the sow needs to support her physiology of farrowing, nursing, and maternal behaviour. Studies from our group and others indicate that providing the sow with a loose housing system adequate in space and nesting material, along with reasonable chance for isolation, can be considered as fundamental for successful farrowing of the hyperprolific sow. It has also been shown that management strategies, such as split suckling and cross fostering, are necessary to ensure proper colostrum intake for all piglets born alive in a large litter. We thus conclude that welfare and nursing capacity of the sow can be improved by management. However, current megatrends such as the climate change may change sow management and force the industry to rethink goals of breeding and, for instance, breeding for better resilience may need to be included as goals for the future.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.171-205
• /
• 2014

This paper investigates the manner in which house prices affect macroeconomic variables through a house price channel by applying the method of Iacoviello (2005) to Korean data, and establishing a DSGE model with complementarity. This paper found that higher LTV ratio coupled with stronger complementarity results in the co-movement in both consumption and housing. For instance, the results show that when the LTV ratio and complementarity stands respectively at 50% and 0.42, an 1% rise in house prices increases consumption by 0.057%, and when the complementarity parameter increases to 0.52 with LTV remains unchanged at 50%, consumption rises by 0.047% per 1% increase in house prices. An increase in house prices leads credit constraints for borrowers to become more loose as value of a house rises as a collateral. The increase in household credit enables more consumer spending, eventually leading to increased consumption. A key link in which house prices are connected to macroeconomic variables is change in consumption. To put it simply, a rise in house prices leads to an increase in consumption, which consequently impacts the overall macro-economy. At this point, complementarity is found, in that the elasticity of intra-temporal substitution between housing and consumption is estimated at 0.42, which plays an important role in the house price channel by amplifying the effects of house prices on consumption.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.9
• /
• pp.1402-1406
• /
• 2007

Thirty pregnant heifers (Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Hariana) were divided into three groups (10 animals/group) according to their stage of pregnancy viz. seven-month (181-210 days) pregnancy (SMP), eight-month (211-240 days) pregnancy (EMP) and nine-month (241-280 days) pregnancy (NMP) group. Time spent in various feeding activities (eating fodder, eating concentrate, standing rumination, sitting rumination and drinking) by each animal in the three pregnant groups was recorded in four different sessions (each session of 24 h per week). The time spent eating concentrate, eating fodder, standing rumination, sitting rumination and drinking was 61.4, 271.3, 84.6, 367.6 and 10.6 min/day, respectively in the SMP group; 52.7, 289.5, 103.3, 345.8 and 9.2 min/day, respectively in the EMP group and 65.0, 277.7, 138.1, 291.0 and 9.8 min/day, respectively in the NMP group. The animals in the EMP group spent significantly (p<0.01) more time on eating fodder and concentrate compared to the animals in SMP and NMP groups. The pregnant heifers preferred rumination in standing posture in comparison to sitting posture. The time spent on standing rumination was significantly higher in the NMP group whereas the time spent on sitting rumination was significantly lower in this group. Except for the sitting rumination activity, all the other activities were predominant in daytime compared to night time; the diurnal variation was significant (p<0.01) for all the activities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.368-374
• /
• 1998

The study was conducted on six multiparous Murrah buffaloes which were earlier artificially induced into lactation. During the experimental period of 15 days, buffaloes were managed in a loose housing system. All the buffaloes were administered a single injection of bromocryptine (@ $100{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) subcutaneously in the neck region at 08:30 A.M., 50 days postpartum (early lactation). Blood samples were collected from four buffaloes for a period of 5 days before the administration of bromocryptine i.e. on days -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, on day of treatment (day 0) and thereafter daily for a period of 9 days i.e 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 to determine the hormones and blood metabolites. Homogeneous milk samples from all the buffaloes were collected at morning and evening milkings on days coinciding with the days of blood sampling for analysis of milk constituents. Administration of bromocryptine resulted in a significant inhibition of plasma prolactin within 24 hrs of treatment, but the response in all the buffaloes was not uniform. The effect of bromocryptine on plasma prolactin hormone lasted for 1-4 days but Cortisol concentration were not altered. Administration of bromocryptine neither affected blood glucose nor plasma non-esterified fatty acids concentration. Irrespective of level of milk production from different buffaloes, there was no effect of bromocryptine on milk yield which indicated that prolactin is not required for milk secretion during early lactation in buffaloes. Milk constituents like fat, protein and lactose were not affected by bromocryptine may be due to no effect of bromocryptine of milk yield.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2013.10a
• /
• pp.686-686
• /
• 2013

Automotive turbochargers have become common in gasoline engines as well as diesel engines. They are excellent devices to effectively increase fuel efficiency and power of the engines, but they unfortunately cause several noise problems. The noises are classified into mechanical noises induced from movement of a rotating shaft and aerodynamic noises by air flow in turbochargers. In addition to, there is a mechanical noise caused from movement of an actuator, electronically controlling a wastegate valve. It is called as valve rattle noise. The actuator is connected to a valve through a linkage. The noise occurs only if the valve is open, where the linkage is freely contact to neighbor structures without being constrained by any external forces. This condition allows impacts by the pulsation of exhaust gas, and the vibration from the impacts spreads out through turbine housing, causing the rattle noise. The noise is not in mechanical operating wastegate turbochargers because the linkage of an actuator is strongly connected by actuating force. For the electronic wastegate turbocharger, this paper proposed a test device to show the noise generating mechanism with a small vibration motor having an unbalanced shaft. It also shows how to reduce the noise - reduction of linkage clearances, inserting wave washers into a connection, and applying loose fitting in bushing embracing a valve lever to turbine housing.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.494-504
• /
• 2020

Ten historic sites (denoted as A- J in this study) of a tomb were found during the construction of the east-west expressway in District 2 of Hyangnam, Hwaseong, which is implemented by the Gyeonggi-do headquarters of the Korea Land & Housing Corporation. Thetombswere first detected at siteH, and further investigations revealed various tombs from the Three Kingdoms period; artifacts such as gilt-bronze shoes and caps were excavated from wooden coffins in the tombs. The pottery examined in this study was the only pottery artifact excavated from the site. Its raw clay was soft and loose, reddish brown, and had quartz and feldspar particles of < 1 mm, which appeared to have been added as reinforcing agents. The firing temperature of the pottery was estimated to be under 800-870 ℃ as the mica remains and tridimite, which is the phase transition mineral of quartz, was not produced; a slight endothermic peak was also detected because of the hydration of sericite at 800 ℃. The condition of the artifact was severely weakened because of various factors, such as soil pressure from the stratum formed over the site and repeated freezing and thawing. The artifact could not be collected alone, and thus, surrounding soil that had attached to the artifact was also collected; the artifact was transported to the laboratory and conservation treatment was conducted in a safe and systematic manner.