• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 2011

The purpose of this investigation was to extract the bioactive agents from Alpinia officinarum Hance. The methanol with ethylacetate extracts alone and combined were examined for their activities against VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) and pathogenic yeast in vitro. The incidence of infections caused by VRE and other pathogenic microorganisms and the importance of using novel synergistic drug combinations has become important. Previously, we reported the antimicrobial effects of the butanol extract from Lonicera japonica and have evaluated combinations of solvent extracts, with a focus on the MeOH and EtOAc extracts from A. officinarum. In the present study, enhanced inhibitory effects were achieved by employing a combination of the two solvent extracts. The MeOH and EtOAc combination was especially effective against four VRE strains: E. faecalis (K-10-22), E. faecaium (K-11-212), E. faecalis (K-10-57) and E. faecalis (K-10-361) with MIC values of 12.5, 12.5, 6.25 and 25 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Thus, the combination was more effective than other antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin or tetracycline against bacteria including E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus luteus. In addition, the combination was effective against yeasts such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 1994

덕유산 국립공원의 고산지대 (해발 1,350m이상)를 대상으로 삼림식생의 실태와 삼림군집 구조를 정확히 파악하고자, 자연보존지구에 29개의 방형구(20$\times$20m)를 설치하여 식생을 조사하였다. Cluster 분석한 결과 네 개의 집단으로 분류되었다. 수종간의 상관관계는 신갈나무와 들메나무, 들메나무와 노린재나무 및 싸리, 시닥나무와 주목, 함박꽃나무와 작살나무, 주목과 구상나무 등의 수종들 간에는 비교적 높은 정의 상관관계를, 신갈나무와 시닥나무, 주목 및 괴불나무 등의 수종들 간에는 높은 부의 상관관계를 보였다. 본 조사지의 종다양도는 0.9969~l.2217로 비교적 높게 나타났다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2007

Luteolin is a major flavonoid of Lonicera japonica and has anti-inflammatory effect. The activation of proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-2 and -4 by trypsin appears to play a role in inflammation, In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of luteolin on activation of trypsin-induced human leukemic mast cells (HMC-1). HMC-1 cells were stimulated with trypsin, PAR-2 and PAR-4 agonist, in the presence or absence of luteolin. The level of TNF-${\alpha}$ secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of tryptase and phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were assessed by Westem blot analysis. Moreover, trypsin activity was measured by the substrate Bz-DL-Arg-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). TNF-${\alpha}$ secretion and Tryptase expression in trypsin-stimulated HMC-1 cells were markedly inhibited by pretreatment of luteolin. Furthermore, the pretreatment of luteolin resulted in the reduction of ERK phosphorylation and trypsin activity. These results suggest that luteolin might has the inhibitory effects on the PAR-2 and -4-dependent inflammation.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2012

In this present study, we determined whether or not there is an immunoadjuvant effect of ochnaflavone, a biflavone isolated from Lonicera japonica. As an antigenic source, the cell wall (CACW) of Candida albicans, a fungal pathogen, was used. CACW consists of 95% carbohydrate (mannan). In the experiments, BALB/c mice were immunized with emersion forms of CACW combined with or without ochnaflavone (Och) in the presence of IFA containing mineral oil or CACW alone. Then, the amounts of antisera collected from these mice groups were measured by the ELISA method. Data from these experiments showed that CACW combined with Och (CACW/Och/IFA) provoked the production of antisera app. 2.2 or 5 times more than the corresponding CACW/IFA or CACW alone (CACW/DPBS), respectively, in mice (P<0.05). We further examined the immune response type induced by Och. Analysis of the values of the IgG1/IgG2a ratios obtained from IgG isotyping revealed that Och induced Th2-immunity more dominantly than Th1. This finding was confirmed by cytokine profile. CACW/Och/IFA formulation induced IL-4 (Th2-type cytokine) more than IFN${\gamma}$ (Th1-type cytokine) as compared with CACW/IFA and CACW/DPBS formulations (P<0.05). All data combined, Och appears to have an immunoadjuvant activity that may convert Th1 immunity into Th2 immunity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.989-997
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• 2013

금은화의 메탄올 추출에 의한 유기 용매별 분획에서 항산화 효과를 근거로 에틸 아세테이트 분획에서 $H_2O_2$로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포독성에 대한 세포보호 효과와 유전자 발현 양상을 분석하였다. 용매별 분획의 항산화 활성은 시료의 농도가 증가할수록 DPPH에 대한 전자공여능도 증가하였으며, $ED_{50}$은 에틸 아세테이트 분획에서 $39.56{\mu}g/ml$로 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유도된 Raw 264.7 세포사멸(($IC_{50}$)에 대하여 에틸 아세테이트 분획은 농도 의존적으로 유의적인 세포 생존율과, $100{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 82.49%의 세포보호 효과를 나타내었다. 한편 $IC_{50}$의 $H_2O_2$ 독성에 대한 에틸 아세테이트 분획의 Raw 264.7 세포보호 효과에 관련된 유전자 발현의 패턴은 BHA와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 항산화 관련 유전자군의 비교 분석에서는 에틸 아세테이트 분획과 BHA는 매우 유사한 유전자 발현 양상을 보였으나, 세포 내 주요 항산화 효소를 만드는 유전자 중 하나인 heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) 유전자의 발현 정도가 에틸 아세테이트 분획에서 4 배 이상 증가하였다. 항염증 관련 유전자군의 비교에서는 T-box transcription factor (Tbx21)가 BHA 처리군에서는 2 배 감소하였으나 에틸 아세테이트 분획의 처리군에서는 오히려 약 2 배 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.545-563
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• 2007

2005년 11월부터 2006년 11월까지 총 4회에 걸쳐 독도의 유관속식물상을 조사하였다. 독도에서는 26과 44속 46종 1아종 1변종으로 총 48분류군이 확인되었는데, 이는 양치식물 1분류군, 쌍자엽식물 36분류군, 단자엽식물 11분류군으로 이루어져 있다. 식물구계학적 특정식물로는 V등급종인 초종용(Orobanche coerulescens Stephan)과 IV등급종인 왕호장근[Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) RonseDecr.], 섬괴불나무(Lonicera insularis Nakai), 섬초롱꽃(Campanula takesimana Nakai), 왕김의털(Festuca rubra L.) 등 총 13분류군이 확인되었다. 식재된 종으로는 곰솔(Pinus thunbergii Parl.), 동백나무(Camellia japonica L,) 보리장나무(Elaeagnus glabra Thunb), 무궁화(Hibiscus syriacus L.) 등이 있다. 분류학적으로 실체가 의심되는 종(species)으로는 가는명아주(Chenopodium virgatum Thunb.), 돌피[Echinochlca crusgalli (L.) P.Beauv.]로써 각각 흰명아주(Chenopodium album L,), 물피[Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola (Vasinger) Ohwi]와 구분되는 형질을 공유하거나 불분명하여 동정에 있어서 혼란이 야기된다. 종유입 방법별로는 풍산포(anemochore) 31분류군, 동물산포(zoochore) 8분류군, 해류산포 (hydrochore) 2분류군인 것으로 판단되며, 이외의 종들은 인위적 수단에 의하여 유입된 것으로 보인다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.38-50
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate effects of Lonicera Flos Extracts(LFE) on whitening using B16F10 cell lines. Methods : In this experiment, we observed effects of LFE on cell viability, inhibitory effects of melanin synthesis, inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, tyrosinase activity, superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity and mRNA expression. Results : In results, more than $2000{\mu}g/ml$ of LFE treated group showed lowered cell viability rates significantly compared to albutin treated group. More than $2000{\mu}g/ml$ of LFE treated groups were lower levels of melanin synthesis. Inhibitory effects of melanin production showed in $1000{\mu}g/ml$ of LFE treated group. $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of LFE treated group significantly suppressed tyrosinase activities in vitro. LFE and albutin treated group significantly decreased tyrosinase activity compared to non treated group. SOD-like activity of LFE treated group was lower than vitamin C treated group but increased depending on concentration. $500{\mu}g/ml$ of LFE treated group and $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of LFE treated group was significantly increased. Tyrosinase mRNA expression of ${\alpha}$-MSH and LFE $250{\mu}g/ml$ treated group significantly decreased compared to ${\alpha}$-MSH treated group. Conclusions : These results suggest that LFE can inhibit melanin synthesis through inhibitory action on tyrosinase activity. And LFE suppressed tyrosinase activities B16F10 cells significantly. So I suggest LFE can apply to whitening.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2009

Ochnaflavone is a natural biflavonoid and mainly found in the caulis of Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae). Biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects have been previously reported. The anticancer activity of ochnaflavone, however, has been poorly elucidated yet. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ochnaflavone on the growth inhibitory activity in cultured human colon cancer cell line HCT-15. Ochnaflavone inhibited the proliferation of the cancer cells with an $IC_{50}$ value of $4.1{\mu}M$. Flow cytometric analysis showed that ochnaflavone arrested cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase, and induced the increase of sub-G1 peak in a concentration-dependent manner. Induction of cell cycle arrest was correlated with the modulation of the expression of cell cycle regulating proteins including cdc2 (Tyr15), cyclin A, cyclin B1 and cyclin E. The increase of sub-G1 peak by the higher concentrations of ochnaflavone (over $20{\mu}M$) was closely related to the induction of apoptosis, which was evidenced by the induction of DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase. These findings suggest that the cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis might be one possible mechanism of actions for the anti-proliferative activity of ochnaflavone in human colon cancer cells.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.539-553
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• 2010

Objectives : The object of this study was to obtain accurate information (single oral dose toxicity) of Lonicerae Flos (LF; Dried flower bud parts of Lonicera japonica Thunb (Caprifoliaceae)), which has traditionally been used in Korean medicine for treating various inflammatory diseases. Methods : In order to observe the 50% lethal dose (LD 50), approximate lethal dosage (ALD) and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body weight.). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored for 14 days after single oral treatment of LF aqueous extracts with organ weights and histopathological observations of 12 types of principle organs. Results : 1. After single oral treatment of LF aqueous extracts, we could not find any mortality and toxicological evidences up to 2,000 mg/kg treated group, the limited dosages in rodents at body and organ weights, clinical signs, gross and histopathological observations. 2. Slight diarrhea was detected in most mice treated with 2,000 mg/kg of LF aqueous extracts and male mice of LF aqueous extracts 1,000 mg/kg within 2 days after end of treatment, respectively. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD 50 and ALD of LF aqueous extracts in both female and male mice after single oral treatment were considered as over 2,000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected up to 2000 mg/kg, the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. However, we also observed the possibility of digestive disorders like diarrhea when over 1,000 mg/kg of LF aqueous extracts were administered in the present study.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.877-890
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• 2017

Objectives: Lonicerae flos (LF), a dried flower part of Lonicera japonica Thunb., has been widely used in Korean medicine as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative agent. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardioprotective effects of LF, through potential antioxidant effects, on the pressure overload (PO)-induced heart failure (HF) in C57BL/6 mice after transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. Methods: Resveratrol (10 mg/kg body weight) or LF (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered, once daily for 14 days, starting 14 days after TAC surgery. Changes in the mortality, body weights, heart weights, histopathology of the heart, and antioxidant defense systems of the heart were analyzed. Results: Marked and noticeable increases of heart weights, mortalities, and hypertrophic, focal, and lytic fibrotic histological changes in the LVs were observed, with destruction of heart antioxidant defense systems after surgery. However, HF signs, induced by TAC surgery through PO, and destruction of heart antioxidant defense systems were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by 14 days of maintained oral treatment with LF 500, 250 or 125 mg/kg. Treatment with 250 mg/kg LF was comparable to treatment with 10 mg/kg resveratrol. Conclusions: The results in this study suggest that oral administration of LF favorably relieves PO-induced HF following TAC, through increase of heart antioxidant defense systems. The overall effects of 250 mg/kg LF were similar to those of 10 mg/kg resveratrol. More detailed mechanistic studies should be conducted in the future, with screening of the biologically active compounds in LF.