• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.237-255
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• 2006

This paper presents a novel analytical formulation for the analysis of composite beams with partial shear interaction stiffened by a bolted longitudinal plate accounting for time effects, such as creep and shrinkage. The model is derived by means of the principle of virtual work using a displacement-based formulation. The particularity of this approach is that the partial interaction behaviour is assumed to exist between the top slab and the joist as well as between the joist and the bolted longitudinal stiffening plate, therefore leading to a three-layered structural representation. For this purpose, a novel finite element is derived and presented. Its accuracy is validated based on short-and long-term analyses for the particular cases of full shear interaction and partial shear interaction of two layers for which solutions in closed form are available in the literature. A parametric study is carried out considering different stiffening arrangements to investigate the influence on the short-and long-term behaviour of the composite beam of the shear connection stiffness between the concrete slab and the steel joist, the stiffness of the plate-to-beam connection, the properties of the longitudinal plate and the concrete properties. The values of the deflection obtained from the finite element simulations are compared against those calculated using the effective flexural rigidity in accordance with EC5 guidelines for the behaviour of elastic multi-layered beams with flexible connection and it is shown how the latter well predicts the structural response. The proposed numerical examples highlight the ease of use of the proposed approach in determining the effectiveness of different retrofitting solutions at service conditions.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2007

A three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to simulate the MIG P/S welding process of two aluminum plates. The finite element calculations are performed using ANSYS finite element code, which takes into account the thermal and mechanical non-linear material properties. The results of finite element analysis compared with those of experiment to show its validity in view of distortions. Parametric studies are carried out on the validated model to assess the effects of various factors on the final residual distortion. Large deformations, temperature dependent material properties are included in the model. Finally, the formulas of fitting curves of angular distortion transverse shrinkage, and longitudinal shrinkage have been proposed.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2001

A slitter is a sort of machinery to cut sheet materials in rolls continuously in the longitudinal direction. Recently slitter line users have requiring higher quality and precision in products in addition to high productivity. A finite element analysis has been performed to investigate the effect of processing factors on shear planes in the slitting of Shrinkage Band(S,K.B.). For the analysis, Hot-dip 55% aluminum-zinc alloy-coated steel sheets and coils(SAZCC) is selected as a material. The results obtained are that deformation was concentrated along the very narrow zone and the maximum slitting load decreases by increasing the knife clearance. Also effective strain decreases according to the clearance increases.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2006년 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.51-53
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to establish the predictive equation of angular distortion and longitudinal shrinkage force at the intermittent fillet weldment using FEA and experiment. The angular distortion and shrinkage force of the intermittent fillet weldment linearly increases with an increase in the ratio of weld length(Lw) to weld span(Ls). Based on the results, The predictive equation of distortion at the intermittent fillet weldment was defined as a linear function of Lw/Ls and the predictive equation of the distortion for continuous fillet weldment.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop the control technology of global distortion in the deck of superstructures during manufacturing processes. The behavior of global distortion in the deck was evaluated by FEA and verified through comparing with the measured results by 3D measuring instrument. It was seen from the results that the principal factor inducing the global distortion is to be the bending moment associated with the longitudinal shrinkage force and transverse shrinkage caused by welding of stiffeners and flame heating to correct the excessive local out-of-plane distortion. Based on the results, the amount of reverse distortion in the thin deck plate was determined to control the global distortion in the deck plate. The proposed distortion control technology was verified by applying it to the actual structure.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.289-293
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• 1999

This research was performed to evaluate the longitudinal length change ratio of concrete used the expansive admixture. As the results of this study, the compressive strength was shown the highest value at the used 10% expansive admixture both of the dry and wet curing condition. And the length change ration was shown higher 0.0316% and 0.0529 % than that of control in wet and dry curing condition. But this value was not enough to recover the shrinkage occuring by dry shrinkage. According to this study , we have obtained 10% on normal portland cement concrete as the optimum replacement ration of expansive admixture.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회 초록집
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• pp.57-57
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• 2010

For thin panel welded structure, the various welding distortions were found due to the low resistance against welding deformation. Especially, buckling distortion induced in the thin panel welded structure produce severe problems related to cost in production stage and safety in service life. So, many researches including mechanical and thermal tensioning method for preventing the occurrence of buckling distortion in the production stage have been performed. The purpose of this study is to identify the behavior of longitudinal residual stress at the SA butt weldment with thin plate of 6mm thickness under tension load by 3 dimensional FEA. For it, mesh design for 3D FEA was constructed with 20 nodes brick element for butt weldment and 8 nodes shell element for base metal. According to FEA results, the longitudinal compressive strain inducing tensile residual stress at the butt weldment decreased. It was because the compressive thermal strain in way of weldment was reduced by tension load. The control effect of residual stress increased with an increase in tension load. So, if the amount of tension load applied to the weldment exceeds 1.5 times of longitudinal shrinkage force, the amount of longitudinal residual stress decreased below the critical value inducing the buckling distortion at the SA butt weldment. Its validity was verified by experiment.

• Carbon letters
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2011

Kenaf fibers, cellulose-based natural fibers, were used as precursor for preparing kenafbased carbon fibers. The effects of carbonization temperature ($700^{\circ}C$ to $1100^{\circ}C$) and chemical pre-treatment (NaOH and $NH_4Cl$) at various concentrations on the thermal change, chemical composition and fiber morphology of kenaf-based carbon fibers were investigated. Remarkable weight loss and longitudinal shrinkage were found to occur during the thermal conversion from kenaf precursor to kenaf-based carbon fiber, depending on the carbonization temperature. It was noted that the alkali pre-treatment of kenaf with NaOH played a role in reducing the weight loss and the longitudinal shrinkage and also in increasing the carbon content of kenaf-based carbon fibers. The number and size of the cells and the fiber diameter were reduced with increasing carbonization temperature. Morphological observations implied that the micrometer-sized cells were combined or fused and then re-organized with the neighboring cells during the carbonization process. By the pre-treatment of kenaf with 10 and 15 wt% NaOH solutions and the subsequent carbonization process, the inner cells completely disappeared through the transverse direction of the kenaf fiber, resulting in the fiber densification. It was noticeable that the alkali pre-treatment of the kenaf fibers prior to carbonization contributed to the forming of kenaf-based carbon fibers.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1A호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 프리캐스트 바닥판을 사용한 단순 강합성보에 교축방향으로 프리스트레스를 도입하는 경우, 콘크리트의 장기거동과 PS강재의 릴렉세이션에 의해 발생하는 프리스트레스의 손실과 장기처짐을 계산하기 위한 장기거동해석방법을 제시하였다. 또한 제시된 해석방법을 이용하여 장기거동해석을 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 합성보의 기하형상, 콘크리트강도 및 초기프리스트레스가 프리캐스트 바닥판을 사용한 강합성보의 장기거동에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 해석결과 합성보 기하형상의 영향에서 프리스트레스의 손실과 장기처짐에 영향을 미치는 주요인자는 각각 보의 단면적과 단면2차모멘트였다. 마지막으로, 총 프리스트레스 손실에서 크리프에 의한 손실과 건조수축에 의한 손실의 특성을 분석하여 소요 초기프리스트레스의 산정방법을 제안하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.45-58
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• 1987

우리나라의 대표적(代表的)인 조림수종(造林樹種)의 하나인 현사시나무(Populus alba $\times$ glandulosa)를 공시재(供試村)로 하여 가열(加熟), 가압처리(加壓處理)가 목재(木材)의 물리적(物理的) 기계적(機械的) 성질(性質)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)하여 목질개량(木質改良)을 위(爲)한 기초자료(基礎資料)로 활용(活用)코자 실험(實驗)을 수행(遂行)하였는 바 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 비중(比重)은 압축율(壓縮率)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 현저(顯著)히 증가(增加)하였다. 2) 수축율(收縮率)은 압축율(壓縮率)이 증가하여 소재(素材)와 비교(比較)하여 경단방향(徑斷方向)은 약(約) 1.5~2배(倍), 촉단방향(觸斷方向)은 약(約)1~2.2배(倍), 섬유방향(纖維方向)은 약(約)1.6~2.1배(倍) 이었다. 3) 흡수율(吸收率)은 압축율(壓縮率) 30%까지는 별(別)로 증가(增加)하지 않았으나 압축율(壓縮率) 40%이상(以上)에서는 소재(素材)에 비(比)해 높은 증가율(增加率)을 나타내었다. 4) 두께 팽윤율(澎潤率)은 압축율(壓縮率)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 경단면(徑斷面)에서는 큰 차이(差異)가 없었으나 촉단면(觸斷面)의 경우(境遇)에는 현저(顯著)하게 증가(增加)하였다.(특(特)히 압축율(壓縮率) 40%, 50%). 5) 종압축강도(縱壓縮强度)는 압축율(壓縮率) 40%까지는 증가(增加)하였으나 압축율(壓縮率) 50%에서는 오히려 감소(減少)하였고 휨 강도(强度)는 압축율(壓縮率) 30%까지는 소재(素材)에 비(比)해 큰 변화(變化)가 없었으나 그 이상(以上)의 압축율(壓縮率)에서 감소(減少)하였으며 충격(衝擊) 휨 흡수(吸收)에너지는 압축율(壓縮率) 30%까지 증가(增加)하여 소재(素材)의 128%에 달(達)하였으나 압축율(壓縮率) 30% 이상(以上)에서는 다시 감소(減少)하였다. 결론적(結論的)으로 가열(加熱) 압축처리(壓縮處理)가 목재(木材)의 기계적(機械的) 성질(性質)을 향상(向上)시키지만 어느 일정(一定) 압축(壓縮) 수준(水準)(본(本) 실험(實驗)의 경우(境遇) 압축율(壓縮率) 30%)을 지나면 오히려 강도(强度)가 감소(減少)된다. 이와같은 현상(現象)은 가열(加熱) 압축(壓縮)으로 인(因)한 목재조직(木材組織)의 변형(變形)(수축(收縮), 균열 및 파괴) 가열(加熱)에 의(依)한 목재성분(木材成分)의 열분해(熱分解), 중합도(重合度)의 저하(低下) 등(等)이 목재(木材)의 열화(熱火)를 초래(招來)한 것으로 생각된다.