• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.266-271
• /
• 2014

Chemical sensors are used in various industrial facilities such high-risk and prevent the leakage of substances, important in life and environmental protection and the safe use of industry, used for management. In particular, high-temperature environments such as power generation equipment of the rotating part due to leakage generated by the various oil, power plants Shut Down, fire, work environment (exposure to various chemical solution and gas leak) and various water, air and soil pollution causes. Thus, over the long term through various channels such as crops and groundwater contamination caused by the slow, serious adverse effect on the ecosystem. In this paper, synthetic lube oil and high pressure hydraulic fluid leakage and immediately detect a new Printed Electronic implementation of technology-based film-type sensors, and its performance test. Thus, industrial accidents and environmental pollution and for early detection of problems, large accidents can be prevented. Experimental results of the synthetic lube oil and high pressure hydraulic fluid solution after the contact time depending on the experiment and the oil solution of the sensor material of the conductive porous PE resistance value by a chemical reaction could be confirmed that rapid increase. Also implemented in the film-type oil sensor electrical resistance change over time of the reaction rate and the synthetic lube oil is about 2 minutes or less, the high pressure hydraulic fluid is less than about 1 minute was. Therefore, more high-pressure hydraulic fluid such as a low volatility synthetic lube oils are the resistance change and the reaction rate was confirmed to be the slowest.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2018

Animal experiments have been widely conducted in the life sciences for more than a century, and have long been a subject of ethical and societal controversy due to the deliberate infliction of harm upon sentient animals. However, the harmful use of animals may also negatively impact the mental health of researchers themselves. We sought to evaluate the anxiety level of researchers engaged in animal use to analyse the mental stress from animal testing. The State Anxiety Scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to evaluate how researchers feel when they conduct animal, as opposed to non-animal, based experiments (95 non-animal and 98 animal testing researchers). The Trait Anxiety Scale of STAI was employed to measure proneness to anxiety, namely the base trait of the researchers. Additionally, the information on sex, age, education, income, and total working periods was collected. While the Trait Anxiety scores were comparable ($41.5{\pm}10.9$ versus $42.9{\pm}10.1$, p = 0.3682, t-test), the State Anxiety scores were statistically significantly higher for animal users than non-animal users ($45.1{\pm}10.7$ versus $41.3{\pm}9.4$, p = 0.011). This trend was consistent for both male and female. Notably, younger animal testers (${\leq}30$ years of age) with less work experience (${\leq}2$ years) and lower income level (${\leq}27,000$ USD) exhibited higher anxiety scores, whereas these factors did not affect the anxiety level of non-animal users. The present study demonstrated that participation in animal experiments can negatively impact the mental health of researchers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2003

Purposes of this study were 1) to identify the level of role expectation and role performance for school health educators as elementary school students recognize and to compare them, and 2) to examine differences in the role expectation and performance by characteristics of students and educators. Subjects of the study were 1,433 6th grade students at 37 elementary schools in Busan. The data were collected by a structured self-administered questionnaire, measuring role expectation and performance that students recognize. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA by SPSS program. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Students' level of recognizing the role expectation was high(M=4.08) and level of the role performance was moderate to high(M=3.50) within range of 1 to 5. The students recognized role expectation greater than role performance. 2. The students' point of view for role expectation and performance for school health educators were related to several characteristics of students and school health educators. Students' levels of recognizing the role expectation and performance were higher when students were male, healthy, their academic performance was high, their level of satisfaction with their school life was high, and their level of satisfaction with using school health office was high. With characteristics of School health educators, students' level of appreciating the role expectation was higher when educators were of an older age and had a long career, and when they were fairly satisfied with their job as an educator. Students' level of recognizing the role performance was higher when educators were of a younger age, and had a small number of students at school. This indicates that there exists role conflict on students and implies that the conflict needs to be mediated, and desirable solutions to address the conflict need to be developed by school health educators.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.85-90
• /
• 2004

Bisoprolol, one of the $\beta_1-adrenorecepter$ antagonist, has been used for the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension anti stable angina pectoris. The oral bloavailability of bisoprolo1 is high $(90\%)$ and the drug has a long elimination half-life, $9{\sim}12\;hr$, which allows once-daily administration. The bioequivalence of two bisoprolol preparations was evaluated according to the guidelines of Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA). The test product was Concor $tablet^{(R)}$ made by Newgenpharm and the reference product was Monocor $tablet^{(R)}$ made by Wyeth Korea. Twenty healthy male subjects, 23.8 (21-30) years old and 03.8(52-92) kg, were randomly divided into two groups and a randomized $2\times2$ cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 10 mg bisoprolol hemifumarate were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of bisoprolol in plasma was determined using an HPLC method with fluorescence detector. Two pharmacokinetic parameters, $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$ were calculated and analyzed statistical]y for the evaluation of bioequivalence of the two products. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed parameter values. The $90\%$ confidence intervals of $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$ were log $0.95{\sim}1og\;1.04\;and\;1og\;0.96{\sim}1og\;1.07,\;respectively.$ These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of log $0.8{\sim}log\;1.23$. Thus, the criteria of the KFDA guidelines for the bioequivalence was satisfied, indicating that Concor tablet is bioequivalent to Monocor tablet.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.395-403
• /
• 2006

Recently constructed bridges often have long spans and simple structure details considering not only the function but other important factors such as aesthetics, maintenance, construction duration and life cycle cost. Therefore, bridges require high-performance steels like extra-thick plate steels and thermo-mechanical control process (TMCP) steels. TMCP stels are now gaining wide attention due to their weldability improved strength and toughness. Recently, SM570-TMC steel, which is a high-strength TMCP steel with a tensile strength of 600 MPa, has been developed and applied to steel structures. However, using this steel in building steel structures requires the elucidation of not only material characteristics but also the mechanical characteristic of welded joints. In this study, high-temperature tensile properties of SM570-TMC steel were investigated through the elevated temperature welded joints of SM570-TMC steel were studied through the three-dimensional thermal elasticplastic analyses on the basis of mechanical properties at high temperatures obtained from the experiment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.295-308
• /
• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this quasi-experimental research is to develop the CP for primary THR patients and verify its effectiveness. Method: The CP is designed for both patients and medical employees to meet the 14-day-long hospitalization with an expert and clinical validity test, and the standardized orders are also created. 21 eligible subjects for the control group(with common care plan) and 27 subjects for the experimental group(with CP service) were assigned. Data were collected from questionnaires to evaluate patients' satisfaction level of nursing care and CP, investigation of physical complications, inspection of LOS(length of hospital stay) and hospital charges from April 2000 to February 2001 at K-hospital in Daegu. The collected data were analyzed by using the SAS program. Results: After implementation of CP, there was a statistically significant reduction in mean length of stay. The hospital charges have no considerable difference between two groups. Frequency of physical complications is reduced considerably. The experimental group scored much higher than the control group on the satisfaction level toward nursing care. And in the analysis of CP satisfaction questionnaires, many subjects have high satisfaction in items of 'I see the treatment process and hospital life', 'I feel that I am participating in my treatment process with health care staff'. The analysis of variances which cause a prolonged LOS supports that it's necessary to strengthen an evaluation of pre-operative outpatients' condition and link the home nursing care system in discharge for more shortening of LOS. Conclusion: The above results show that CP can have a positive impact on satisfaction level of inpatients with primary THR and the hospital.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2009

A stainless steel that contains aggressive negative ion was known to decrease the corrosion resistance. Stainless steel with super corrosion resistance was developed for improvement of corrosion resistance. Super duplex stainless steel is widely used under sever environment because of good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Also, Super duplex stainless steel has long life in severe environments by showing the enough strength and corrosion resistance. But duplex stainless steel is not stabilized compared to austenite stainless steel in corrosion resistance. In this study, corrosion characteristic were investigated to super duplex stainless steel with additive 0.2% nitrogen with $SiO_2$ thin films coated or no coated by sol-gel method in 3.5% NaCl. From test results, corrosion current density in the heat-treated specimen for ${\sigma}$ phase precipitation was higher than that of different heat-treated specimen. Also, $SiO_2$ colloidal-coated specimen had not occurred almost corrosion.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.14 no.2 s.43
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2007

The growing environmental regulation governs the use of lead by RoHS, WEEE, and then. The electronic industry is moving to replace Pb-bearing solder with Pb-free solder. To use the Pb-free solder, microelectronic industry needs consequently the new reliability appraisal such as the packaging for high temperature process, various mechanical change caused by new solder, and the development of Pb-free sloder for long life of product. The evaluation of solder bar and mechanical properties of joint were performed compared with international standard, and new appraisal standard was established. The solderability and spread ability of Sn-0.7Cu solder material showed up to the standard. Shear test of solder joint using by the solder resulted that the shear strengths after thermal shock or after aging were not much lower than the shear strength of as-soldered and that they were also up to the standard.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.215-222
• /
• 2015

Purpose: For hemodialysis, a vascular access which can maintain a certain speed for a long time is required. The prevention of the vascular access dysfunction is very important to decrease morbidity and to improvethe quality of life of patients receiving hemodialysis It is reported that far infrared heat increases the blood flow by expanding capillaries and micro-arteriovenouses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of far infrared heat therapy as a new nursing intervention for maintaining vascular access function and improving the blood flow of patients receiving hemodialysis. Methods: The quasi-experimental research of nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was carried out for 59 patients receiving hemodialysis 3 times per week at K medical center. A far infrared heat was applied to the experimental group for 3 months. Results: The arteriovenous fistula blood flow of the experimental group (far infrared heat therapy group) increased significantly when compared to the control group (p=.047). However, static intra-access pressure ratio(SIAPR)was not different statistically (p=.101). Conclusion: The far infrared therapy could be considered as nursing intervention of choice as it demonstrated increase in the arteriovenous fistula blood flow in the patients receiving hemodialysis.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.349-361
• /
• 2014

This study was examined the general trends in social activity participation, the flow degree, and the psychological well-being of middle-aged women in Korea and explored how psychological well-being varies according to various sociodemographic variables, social activity participation, and the flow degree. This study provided practical insights into how the psychological well-being of middle-aged women can be enhanced. Data were gathered from 302 middle-aged women between the ages of 40 and 60 by using a structural questionnaire. The statistical methods included a descriptive analysis, a t-test, and a regression analysis using SPSS WIN 18.0. According to the results of the hierarchical regression analysis, the key variables influencing the psychological well-being of middle-aged women included the flow degree in terms of social activity participation and the education level. These variables explained 30% of the psychological well-being of middle-aged women. The higher the education level and the flow degree, the stronger the psychological well-being was. Social activity participation and the flow degree had greater effects on psychological well-being than sociodemographic characteristics. In particular, an increase in the flow of social activities increased psychological well-being. This suggests a need to improve the psychological well-being of middle-aged women by providing them with an environment where they can play social roles. One way to accomplish this is by linking retraining and life-long education-related activities to employment or volunteer activities. This study demonstrates the importance of the flow degree for the psychological well-being of middle-aged women. The results have important policy and theoretical implications.