• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2419-2423
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• 2015

Background: There are few choices for treatment of advanced cancer patients who do not respond to or tolerate conventional anti-cancer treatments. Therefore this study aimed to deploy the benefits and clinical efficacy of continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions in such patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 381 infusions (from 67 advanced cases recruited) were included in this study. All patients underwent peripheral blood mononuclear cell apheresis for the following cellular therapy and dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells were expanded in vitro. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were quantified through flow cytometry to address the cellular immunity status. Clinical efficacy and physical activities were evaluated by RECIST criteria and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores respectively. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between cellular infusions and clinical benefits. Results: An average of $5.7{\pm}2.94{\times}10^9$ induced cells were infused each time and patients were exposed to 6 infusions. Cellular immunity was improved in that cytotoxic $CD8^+CD28^+$ T lymphocytes were increased by 74% and suppressive $CD8^+CD28^-$ T lymphocytes were elevated by 16% (p<0.05). Continuous infusion of dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells was associated with improvement of both patient status and cellular immunity. A median of six infusions were capable of reducing risk of progression by 70% (95%CI 0.10-0.91). Every elevation of one ECOG score corresponded to a 3.90-fold higher progression risk (p<0.05) and 1% increase of $CD8^+CD28^-$ T cell proportion reflecting a 5% higher risk of progression (p<0.05). Conclusions: In advanced cancer patients, continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions are capable of recovering cellular immunity, improving patient status and quality of life in those who are unresponsive to conventional cancer treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

The fyn-related kinase (FRK) belongs to the tyrosine kinase family of protein kinases. Recent studies have shown that Frk affects pancreatic beta cell number during embryogenesis and promotes beta cell cytotoxic signals in response to streptozotocin. To investigate the genetic association between FRK polymorphisms and the risk of obesity in Korean population, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FRK gene region were selected and analyzed. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and biochemical data (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1C, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein) of blood sample from each subject were also measured. One hundred fifty five healthy control and 204 overweight/obesity subjects were recruited. Genotype frequencies of six SNPs [rs6568920 (+8391G>A), rs3756772 (+56780A>G), rs3798234 (+75687C>T), rs9384970 (+68506G>A), rs1933739 (+72978G>A), and rs9400883 (+75809A>G)] in the FRK gene were determined by Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping Chip data. According to the classification of Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, control (BMI 18 to < 23) and overweight/obesity (BMI$\geq$23) subjects were recruited. For the analysis of genetic data, EM algorithm, SNPStats, Haploview, HapAnalyzer, SNPAnalyzer, and Helixtree programs were used. Multiple logistic regression analysis (codominant, dominant, and recessive models) was performed. Age and gender as covariates were adjusted. For biochemical data, Student's t test was used. The mean value of BMI in the control and overweigh/obesity groups was 21.1${\pm}$1.2 (mean${\pm}$SD) and 25.6${\pm}$2.0, respectively. All biochemical data of the overweight/obesity group were statistically significance, compared with the control group. Among six SNPs, two linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were discovered. One block consisted of rs1933739 and rs9400883, and the other comprised rs3756772 and rs3798234. One SNP (rs9384970, +68506G>A) showed an association with overweight/obesity in the codominant model (p=0.03). Interestingly, the AA genotype distribution in the overweight/obesity group (n=7, 3.5%) was higher than those in the control group (n=1, 0.6%), which is not found in either Japanese or Chinese subjects. Therefore, the AA genotype of rs9384970 may be a risk factor for development of obesity in Korean population. The results suggest that FRK may be associated with overweight/obesity in Korean population.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1100-1108
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 당뇨환자 관리와 관련된 요인을 규명하는데 있다. 2005년 국민건강 영양조사에 참여한 20세 이상의 성인 당뇨환자를 대상으로 하였다. 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용하여 로지스틱 회귀모형, 의사결정나무, 신경망 모형으로 당뇨환자관리모형을 개발한 결과 의사결정나무가 가장 설명력이 뛰어났다. 당뇨인지율과 관련된 요인으로는 연령, 거주지 및 직업이었고 중 연령이 가장 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 당뇨치료율과 관련된 요인으로는 당뇨인지여부, 거주지 및 직업이었고 그 중 당뇨인지여부가 가장 중요한 변수로 나타났다. 당뇨환자의 관리프로그램은 당뇨환자의 특성별 군집으로 분류하고 그에 따라 관리해야 한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2015

Purpose - A traditional retail market is a place that offers economic opportunity to employees and employers alike it also is a place where the community can meet. The Korean government has invested three trillion won to improve physical and non-physical aspects in traditional retail markets since 2004. However, little research on this has been conducted. We explore this research gap that could lead to theory extension. We analyze consumption behavior with respect to traditional retail markets through an empirical analysis, thus overcoming limits in previous research. We empirically analyze policy effects of traditional retail market projects supported by the Korean government. Research design, data, and methodology - We propose a traditional retail market improvement plan via the relation between cause and effect resulting from the analysis. More specifically, logit analysis was carried out with 1,754 consumers in 16 cities nationwide. In order to analyze consumer consumption behaviors nationwide, the probability was analyzed using a logit model. This research analyzes the link between support and non-support by the Korean government using binary values. The dependent variable is whether Korean government support is implemented; the binomial logistic regression is used as the statistical estimation technique. The object variables are:1 (support) or 0 (nonsupport), and the prediction value is between 1 and 0. As a result of the factor analysis of questions related to attributes of service quality, four factors were extracted: convenience, product, facilities, and service. Results - The results indicate that convenience, product, and facilities have a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in accordance with the government's traditional retail market support. Additionally, the results reveal that convenience, product, facilities, and service all have a significant influence on consumer satisfaction in a traditional retail market's service quality and consumer satisfaction. Finally, the analysis indicates that the highly satisfied traditional retail market customer has a significant influence on revisit intention. Moreover, the results reveal that the highly satisfied traditional retail market customer has a significant influence on recommendation intention. Conclusions - This research focused on consumers nationwide to measure policy effects of traditional retail markets compared to previous research that focused on one traditional retail market or a specific area. We verified the relationship of service quality and customer satisfaction and consumer behavior based on service quality theory. The results indicate that consumer satisfaction of traditional retail markets supported by service quality factors has a significant impact. In a concrete form, the results indicate that these effects are from facility modernization projects and marketing support projects of the Korean government. The results also imply that these facility and management support effects from the Korean government have been consistent. We realize that the Korean government has to selectively support traditional retail markets in major cities and small and medium-sized cities. To that end, the Korean government needs to select a concentration strategy for the revitalization of traditional retail markets.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1739-1750
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• 2012

본 연구는 의료서비스의 결과지표인 의료기관 중증도 보정 사망비(HSMR)를 산출하고, 비교하여 행정자료를 이용한 의료서비스 결과를 평가할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해서 질병관리본부의 2007-2008년의 퇴원손상환자 63,664건의 자료를 분석하였다. 중증도 보정모형 개발을 위해 데이터마이닝을 이용한 의사결정나무와 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 최종 모형으로 선정된 로지스틱 회귀분석에는 성별, 재원일수, Elixhauser 상병지수, 입원경로, 주상병 변수가 포함되었다. 퇴원시 사망에 영향을 끼치는 이러한 변수를 보정 후 병원간의 중증도 보정 사망비(HSMR)를 비교한 결과 병원간의 중증도 보정 사망비(HSMR)는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타남에 따라 병원의 의료서비스 수준 차이가 있는 것이 확인되었다(HSMR 범위: 55.6-201.6). 본 연구를 통하여 병원간의 퇴원시 사망률을 비교할 수 있는 방법이 개발되었으므로 향후에 이를 이용하여 다양한 의료의 질 향상 활동을 할 수 있는 방안을 마련하여야 할 것이다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.16.1-16.10
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• 2020

This study was conducted in Lake Hayq between January and December 2018. The objectives of this study were to determine the growth, condition, sex ratio, fecundity, length at first sexual maturity (L₅₀), and spawning seasons of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Monthly fish samples of C. carpio were collected using gillnets of stretched mesh sizes of 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 13 cm and beach seines of mesh size of 6 cm. Immediately after the fish were captured, total length (TL) and total weight (TW) for each individual were measured in centimeters and grams, respectively, and their relationship was determined using power function. Length at first maturity (L₅₀) was determined for both males and females using the logistic regression model. The spawning season was determined from the frequency of mature gonads and variation of gonadosomatic index (GSI) values of both males and females. Fecundity was analyzed from 67 mature female specimens. The length and weight relationship of C. carpio was TW = 0.015TL^2.93 for females and TW = 0.018TL^2.87 for males that indicate negative allometric growth in both cases. The mean Fulton condition factor (C_F) was 1.23 ± 0.013 for females and 1.21 ± 0.011 for males. The value of C_F in both cases was > 1 that shows both sexes are in good condition. Among the total 1055 C. carpio collected from Lake Hayq, 459 (43.5%) were females and 596 (56.5%) were males. The chi-square test showed that there was a significant deviation between male and female numbers from 1:1 ratio (χ²= 22, df = 11, P > 0.05) within sampling months. The length at first sexual maturity (L₅₀) for females and males were 21.5 and 17.5 cm, respectively. Males mature at smaller sizes than females. The spawning season of C. carpio was extended from February to April, and the peak spawning season for both sexes was in April. The average absolute fecundity was 28,100 ± 17,462. C. carpio is currently the commercially important fish while Nile tilapia fishery has declined in Lake Hayq. Therefore, this baseline data on growth, condition, and reproductive biology of common carp will be essential to understand the status of the population of carp and design appropriate management systems for the fish stock of Lake Hayq, Ethiopia, and adjacent countries.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2018

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사의 자료를 활용하여 뇌졸중 유병자의 근감소증 및 대사증후군의 유병률과 대사증후군과 근감소증의 관련성을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 2008년 하반기에서 2011년 상반기까지 국민건강영양조사에서 만 40세 이상 뇌졸중 유병자 316명(남자 164명, 여자 152명)을 최종 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 근감소증 유무에 따른 연구대상자의 일반적인 특성과 대사증후군 요소별 차이는 Rao-Scott 카이검정과 일반선형모형을 이용하였고, 대사증후군과 근감소증의 관련성을 분석하기 위해서 복합표본 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 뇌졸중 유병자에게서 근감소증 유병률은 남자 47.3%, 여자 46.3%로 나타났고, 대사증후군 유병률은 남자, 여자 각각 50.6%, 73.7%로 나타났으며, 남자에게서 근감소증이 없는 군에 비하여 근감소증이 있는 군이 대사증후군 유병 가능성이 6.734배 높은 것으로 나타났다(95% CI: 2.454-18.482, p<.001). 본 연구결과, 남자 뇌졸중 유병자에게서 근감소증은 대사증후군의 독립적인 위험요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 뇌졸중 유병자의 뇌졸중 재발을 예방하기 위하여 재활치료 시작단계 교육프로그램에 뇌졸중 재발 요인인 대사증후군을 적극적으로 예방 및 관리하기 위한 구체적인 전략으로 근감소증 예방의 중요성과 방법이 포함될 필요가 있다고 본다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.362-373
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• 2018

본 연구는 남성 흡연자들의 금연에 대한 관심도와 그에 관련된 요인을 규명하고자 시도하였다. 조사대상은 D광역시청에 근무하고 있는 남성 공무원 중 조사시점에서 현재 흡연자인 593명으로 하였다. 조사는 2015년 10월에 구조화된 무기명 자기기입식 설문조사에 의하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상자의 금연에 대한 관심도는 "관심 없음" 28.3%, "관심이 있으나 6개월 이내에 금연할 생각 없음" 45.7%, "관심이 있으며 6개월 이내에 금연할 것임" 26.0%로 나타났다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 조사대상자의 금연에 대한 관심도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 "고용형태", "최초 흡연 연령", "1일 흡연량(담배 개피 수)", "아침에 일어나서 첫 번째 담배를 피울 때까지 걸리는 시간", "폐암 이환 가능성 인지", "금연에 대한 행동실천의 인지된 이익"이 유의한 변수로 선정되었다. 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 금연에 대한 관심도가 "관심 없음"군보다 "관심이 있으며 6개월 이내에 금연할 것임"군에서 "폐암 이환 가능성 인지", "금연에 대한 행동실천의 인지된 이익" 및 "금연에 대한 행동실천의 인지된 장애"가 높게 나타날 위험비가 유의하게 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 위와 같은 연구결과는 흡연에 의한 건강장애의 심각성의 인식이 금연에 대한 관심을 높이는 주요 요인이 되고 있음을 시사한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4699-4704
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• 2015

Medical diagnostic X-ray workers are one occupational group that expose to the long-term low-dose external radiation over their working lifetime, and they may under risk of different cancers. This study aims to determine the relationship between the occupational X-ray radiation exposure and cancer risk among these workers in Jiangsu, China. We conducted Nested case-control study to investigate the occupational X-ray radiation exposure and cancer risk. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire, which includes but not limits to demographic data, personal behaviors and family history of cancer. Retrospective dose reconstruction was conducted to estimate the cumulative doses of the x-ray workers. Inferential statistics, t-test and 2 tests were used to compare the differences between each group. We used the logistic regression model to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cancer by adjusting the age, gender. All 34 breast cancer cases and 45 esophageal cancer cases that detected in a cohort conducted among health workers between 1950~2011 were included in this presented study, and 158 cancer-free controls were selected by frequency-matched (1:2). Our study found that the occupational radiation exposure was associated with a significantly increased cancer risk compared with the control, especially in breast cancer and esophageal cancer (adjusted OR=2.90, 95% CI: 1.19-7.04 for breast cancer; OR=4.19, 95% CI: 1.87-9.38 for esophageal cancer, and OR=3.43, 95% CI: 1.92-6.12 for total cancer, respectively). The occupational X-ray radiation exposure was associated with increasing cancer risk, which indicates that proper intervention and prevention strategies may be needed in order to bring down the occupational cancer risk.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate medical care behaviors influencing accuracy of the payment based New diagnosis-related groups (DRG) compared to fee for service (FFS) in hospitalized patients with medical illness. Methodology: In order to estimate the difference in medical costs between New DRG and FFS depending on medical care behaviors, medical records and hospital claims data (n=4,232) were utilized, which were collected from a single public hospital during the first-half of 2018. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, and multivariate binary logistic regression. Findings: The average difference in medical costs between New DRG and FFS were KRW 506,711±13,945 with incentives and KRW -51,506±12,979 without incentives, respectively. Forty-four point two percent (44.2%, n=1,872) of total subjects were shown to have negative compensation in overall medical costs with New DRG compared to the costs with FFS. Medical care behaviors that affected on the negative compensation were the presence of severe bed sores on admission, medical consultations, death, operations, medications and laboratory or imaging tests with unit price over KRW 100,000, hospital-acquired complications or underlying comorbidities, elderly patients (≧65 years), and hospitalized for more than average inpatient days defined by New DRG (p<0.001). The difference in average medical cost between New DRG and FFS for a group with mild illness was KRW -11,900±10,544, whereas it was KRW -196,800±46,364 for a group with severe illness (p<0.0001). Practical Implications: These findings suggest that New DRG payment model without incentives may incompletely cover the variation of medical costs in real clinical practice. Therefore, policy makers need to consider that the current New DRG reimbursement should be focused and refined to improve accuracy of payment on medical care resources utilized in severe and complex medical conditions.