• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.388-397
• /
• 2009

There are many tasks which require robotic manipulators interaction with environment. It consists of three control problems, i.e., position control, impact control and force control. The position control means the way of reaching to the environment. The moment of touching to the environment yields the impact control problem and the force control is to maintain the desired force trajectory after the impact with the environment. These three control problems occur in sequence, so each control algorithm can be developed independently. Especially for redundant manipulators, each of these three control problems has been important independent research topic. For example, joint torque minimization and impulse minimization are typical techniques for such control problems. The three control problems are considered as a single task in this paper. The position control strategy is developed to improve the performance of the task, i.e., minimization of the individual joint torques and impulse. Therefore, initial conditions of the impact control problem are optimized at the previous position control algorithm. Such a control strategy yields improved result of the impact control. Similarly, the initial conditions for the force control problem are indirectly optimized by the previous position control and impact control strategies. The force control algorithm uses the individual joint torque minimization concept. It also minimizes the force disturbances. The simulation results show the proposed control strategy works well.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.131-139
• /
• 1999

The quality of progression at signalized intersection has the largest potential effect. TRANSYT-7F is widely used to estimate the signal progression delay, but the progress of collecting and executing the compute program appears to be rather cumbersome. The research is to develop the analytical and progressing platoon delay model that is as simple as the methodology of HCM and familiar with the output of simulation model. The general approach to this research was conducted to examine the Rouphail and NCHRP 339 methodology together with the existing progression delay model (TRANSYT-7F. HCM). The scope is contained to be applicable only to cycles with no overflow queue and to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of changes in the quality of traffic signal progression on stopped delay and to be analyzed a simple mathematical method. The principle assumption for this model is that secondary flows is dispersed and partly mixed with average flow of the primary progressed flow. A second assumption is that through flow is consisted with the part of saturation flow at the front of it and the part of average flow at the rear of it. The delay equations vary for two arrival. The conclusion of this study could be summarized as 1)The evaluation of this model was consistently similar to that of TRANSYT-7F, 2) Platoon pattern has the real traffic flow characteristics. 3) The computing process of progression delay is made to have simple logic and easy calculation by integration, 4) This model could be estimated to be applied in almost all case.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.11A no.2
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2004

In this paper, the multiple-valued adders and multipliers are implemented by current-mode CMOS. First, we implement the 3-valued T-gate and the 4-valued T-gate using current-mode CMOS which have an effective availability of integrated circuit design. Second we implement the circuits to be realized 2-variable 3-valued addition table and multiplication table over finite fields $GF(3^2)$, and 2-variable 4-valued addition table and multiplication table over finite fields $GF(4^2)$ with the multiple-valued T-gates. Finally, these operation circuits are simulated under $1.5\mutextrm{m}$ CMOS standard technology, $15\mutextrm{A}$ unit current, and 3.3V VDD voltage Spice. The simulation results have shown the satisfying current characteristics. The 3-valued adder and multiplier, and the 4-valued adder and multiplier implemented by current-mode CMOS is simple and regular for wire routing and possesses the property of modularity with cell array. Also, since it is expansible for the addition and multiplication of two polynomials in the finite field with very large m, it is suitable for VLSI implementation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2004

This paper presents an efficient image compression method for memory reduction in multimedia processor which can be simply implemented in hardware and provides high performance. The multimedia processor, which includes processing of high-resolution images and videos, requires large memories: they are external frame memories to store frames and internal line memories for implementing some linear filters. If we can reduce those memories by adopting a simple compression method in multimedia processor, it will strengthen its cost competitiveness. There exist many standards for efficiently compressing images and videos. However, those standards are too complex for our purpose and most of them are 2-D block-based methods, which do not support raster scanned input and output. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity compression method which has good performance, can be implemented with simple hardware logic, and supports raster scan. We have adopted 1${\times}$8 Hadamard transform for simple implementation in hardware and compression efficiency. After analyzing the coefficients, we applied an adaptive thresholding and quantization. We provide some simulation results to analyze its performance and compare with the existing methods. We also provide its hardware implementation results and discuss about cost reduction effects when applied in implementing a multimedia processor.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.41 no.9
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we present the cell resequencing buffer to solve the cell sequence integrity problem of the Cyclic banyan network that is a high-performance fault-tolerant cell switch. By offering multiple paths between input ports and output ports, using the deflection self-routing, the Cyclic banyan switch offer high reliability, and it also solves congestion problem for the internal links of the switch. By the way, these multiple paths can be different lengths for each other. Therefore, the cells departing from an identical source port and arriving at an identical destination port can reach to the output port as the order that is different from the order arriving at input port. The proposed cell resequencing buffer is a hardware sliding window mechanism. to solve such cell sequence integrity problem. To calculate the size of sliding window that cause the prime cost of the presented device, we analyzed the distribution of the cell delay through the simulation analyses under traffic load that have a nonuniform address distribution that express tile Property of traffic of the Internet. Through these analyses, we found out that we can make a cell resequencing buffer by which the cell sequence integrity is to be secured, by using a, few of ordinary memory and control logic. The cell resequencing buffer presented in this paper can be used for other multiple paths switching networks.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2020

The mainstream of cinema animated film in today's world is the animated film produced by film companies such as Disney, DreamWorks, and 20th Century Fox. These animated films are influenced by Hollywood blockbusters, high cost, and big-budget, which have brought a gorgeous and splendid audio-visual feast to the global audience. DreamWorks Studios founded in 1994 has become noted in just over ten years. It has produced many high-quality animated works which are well-known all over the world. This achievement is no doubt inseparable from its superior external animation industry environment, and benefited from the American animation industry which commercially operated for almost 100 years. However, in addition to these external environmental factors, DreamWorks' achievements have also come from the extraordinary and superior creation of the animated film scripts, strong narrative script ensures the logic and appeal of animated films. This article takes Kung Fu Panda series, Shrek series, The Prince of Egypt, The Croods, Chicken Run, Megamind and other representative films produced by DreamWorks as key analysis object, using Jean Baudrillard's simulation and imaging theory, Syd Field's screenwriting skills, and Hegel's aesthetic point of view, explores the Creative Style of DreamWorks' Animated Film Script which contains the following four aspects. The script is exaggerated and novel, and the subject matter is rich and targeted. The script creation is very imaginative and can fully express the visual beauty. The structure of the story is well controlled, the space comes from reality but full of imagination. The characters have distinctive personality and the dialogue is moderated but forceful.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.195-212
• /
• 2022

Based on the kinetic typography principle and the structure features of Chinese characters, this study took the Chinese'24 solar terms' theme dynamic poster as the research object, explored the visual expression of dynamic Chinese characters, and tried to summarize the visual expression law of Chinese characters in dynamic poster design. It can be found that, there could be 6 different types of Chinese character expressions in the 24 solar terms poster design. Among them, 'Drawing' design method has the meaning of text structure and form expression, and 'Assembling' design method has the meaning of text stroke and texture association, also, 'Forming' design method bring its meaning through stroke deformation, 'Transforming' design method conveys the content through text disintegration, 'Replacing' design method mainly bring the meaning through simulation, while 'Rotation' design method always express through visual three-dimensional and space. Finally, the findings could not only provide analytical logic and methods for the expression of Chinese characters in dynamic poster design, but also fill the lack of formative research on dynamic Chinese characters, which hopefully provide basic information for the research related to dynamic Chinese character structure, as well as the dynamic poster designers.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 2007

FTA (fault tree analysis), an analytical method for system failure management, was employed in the management of faults in running PCR analysis. PCR is executed through several processes, in which the process of PCR machine operation was selected for the analysis by FTA. The reason for choosing the simplest process in the PCR analysis was to adopt it as a first trial to test a feasibility of the FTA approach. First, fault events-top event, intermediate event, basic events-were identified by survey on expert knowledge of PCR. Then those events were correlated deductively to build a fault tree in hierarchical structure. The fault tree was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively, yielding minimal cut sets, structural importance, common cause vulnerability, simulation of probability of occurrence of top event, cut set importance, item importance and sensitivity. The top event was 'errors in the step of PCR machine operation in running PCR analysis'. The major intermediate events were 'failures in instrument' and 'errors in actions in experiment'. The basic events were four events, one event and one event based on human errors, instrument failure and energy source failure, respectively. Those events were combined with Boolean logic gates-AND or OR, constructing a fault tree. In the qualitative evaluation of the tree, the basic events-'errors in preparing the reaction mixture', 'errors in setting temperature and time of PCR machine', 'failure of electrical power during running PCR machine', 'errors in selecting adequate PCR machine'-proved the most critical in the occurrence of the fault of the top event. In the quantitative evaluation, the list of the critical events were not the same as that from the qualitative evaluation. It was because the probability value of PCR machine failure, not on the list above though, increased with used time, and the probability of the events of electricity failure and defective of PCR machine were given zero due to rare likelihood of the events in general. It was concluded that this feasibility study is worth being a means to introduce the novel technique, FTA, to the management of faults in running PCR analysis.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.46 no.12
• /
• pp.108-116
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we propose a Ethernet based audio distribution system with a new L1/L2 hybrid switching scheme, and evaluate its performance. The proposed scheme not only offers guaranteed low latency and jitter characteristics that are essentially required for the distribution of high-quality uncompressed audio traffic, and but also provide an efficient transmission of data traffic on the Ethernet environment. The audio distribution system with a proposed scheme consists of a master node and a number of relay nodes, and all nodes are mutually connected as a daisy-chain topology through up and downlinks. The master node generates an audio frame for each cycle of 125us, and the audio frame has 24 time slotted audio channels for carrying stereo 24 channels of 16-bit PCM sampled audio. On receiving the audio frame from its upstream node via the downlink, each intermediate node inserts its audio traffic to the reserved time slot for itself, then relays again to next node through its physical layer(L1) transmission - repeating. After reaching the end node, the audio frame is loopbacked through the uplink. On repeating through the uplink, each node makes a copy of audio slot that node has to receive, then play the audio. When the audio transmission is completed, each node works as a normal L2 switch, thus data frames are switched during the remaining period. For supporting this L1/L2 hybrid switching capability, we insert a glue logic for parsing and multiplexing audio and data frames at MII(Media Independent Interlace) between the physical and data link layers. The proposed scheme can provide a good delay performance and transmission efficiency than legacy Ethernet based audio distribution systems. For verifying the feasibility of the proposed L1/L2 hybrid switching scheme, we use OMNeT++ as a simulation tool with various parameters. From the simulation results, one can find that the proposed scheme can provides outstanding characteristics in terms of both jitter characteristic for audio traffic and transmission efficiency of data traffics.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2015

Compton cameras overcome several limitations of conventional mechanical collimation based gamma imaging devices, such as pin-hole imaging devices, due to its electronic collimation based on coincidence logic. Especially large-scale Compton camera has wide field of view and high imaging sensitivity. Those merits suggest that a large-scale Compton camera might be applicable to monitoring nuclear materials in large facilities without necessity of portability. To that end, our research group have made an effort to design a large-scale Compton camera for safeguard application. Energy resolution or position resolution of large-area detectors vary with configuration style of the detectors. Those performances directly affect the image quality of the large-scale Compton camera. In the present study, a series of Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were performed in order to examine the effect of those detector parameters. Performance of the designed large-scale Compton camera was also estimated for various monitoring condition with realistic modeling. The conclusion of the present study indicates that the energy resolution of the component detector is the limiting factor of imaging resolution rather than the position resolution. Also, the designed large-scale Compton camera provides the 16.3 cm image resolution in full width at half maximum (angular resolution: $9.26^{\circ}$) for the depleted uranium source considered in this study located at the 1 m from the system when the component detectors have 10% energy resolution and 7 mm position resolution.