• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.737-751
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• 2017

Histone-modifying enzymes are key players in the field of cellular differentiation. Here, we used GSK-J4 to profile important target genes that are responsible for neural differentiation. Embryoid bodies were treated with retinoic acid ($10{\mu}M$) to induce neural differentiation in the presence or absence of GSK-J4. To profile GSKJ4-target genes, we performed RNA sequencing for both normal and demethylase-inhibited cells. A total of 47 and 58 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, after GSK-J4 exposure at a log2-fold-change cut-off value of 1.2 (p-value < 0.05). Functional annotations of all of the differentially expressed genes revealed that a significant number of genes were associated with the suppression of cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression and induction of cell death. We also identified an enrichment of potent motifs in selected genes that were differentially expressed. Additionally, we listed upstream transcriptional regulators of all of the differentially expressed genes. Our data indicate that GSK-J4 affects cellular biology by inhibiting cellular proliferation through cell cycle suppression and induction of cell death. These findings will expand the current understanding of the biology of histone-modifying enzymes, thereby promoting further investigations to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.835-845
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• 2017

The $GCF_{\epsilon}$ expansion is a new class of continued fractions induced by the transformation $T_{\epsilon}:(0, 1]{\rightarrow}(0, 1]$: $T_{\epsilon}(x)={\frac{-1+(k+1)x}{1+k-k{\epsilon}x}}$ for $x{\in}(1/(k+1),1/k]$. Under the algorithm $T_{\epsilon}$, every $x{\in}(0,1]$ corresponds to an increasing digits sequences $\{k_n,n{\geq}1\}$. Their basic properties, including the ergodic properties, law of large number and central limit theorem have been discussed in [4], [5] and [7]. In this paper, we study the large deviation for the $GCF_{\epsilon}$ expansion and show that: $\{{\frac{1}{n}}{\log}k_n,n{\geq}1\}$ satisfies the different large deviation principles when the parameter ${\epsilon}$ changes in [-1, 1], which generalizes a result of L. J. Zhu [9] who considered a case when ${\epsilon}(k){\equiv}0$ (i.e., Engel series).

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.67.2-67.2
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• 2013

Part of mid-J CO emission detected by the Herschel/PACS observations of embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) has been attributed to the UV-heated outflow walls. We have applied our newly developed self-consistent models of Photon Dominated Region (PDR) and Non-LTE line Radiative transfer In general Grid (RIG) to the Herschel FIR CO observations. If the black body radiation of T = 15,000 K is used, the observed mid-J CO line fluxes can be produced in inner dense regions (n ${\geq}$ 106 cm-3) with -4.5 ${\leq}$ log Gdust/n ${\leq}$ -2.5, where gas temperatures are larger than 300 K and CO abundances are ${\geq}$ 10-5, along the UV-heated outflow walls. The contribution of the UV heated outflow cavity wall in Class I seems to be larger than that in Class 0.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.290-295
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• 1990

감마선 조사(0, 2, 4kGy)에 따른 튀긴 닭고기 patty의 미생물 및 TBA가의 변화를 조사하기 위하여 닭고기 patty를 각각 $3{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ 와 $-10{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에서 저장하였다. 방사선 조사에 의하여 $3{\pm}1^{\circ}C$에 저장된 닭고기 patty의 품길 수명은 증가하였다(p<0.05). 대조구 1g당 미생물 총균 log 수가 6.5에 다다르는데 걸리는 시간은 22일인 반면 방사선 조사구는 40일이 걸렸으며 4kGy로 조사된 patty에서는 초기에 미생물이 발견되지 않았다. 조사선량 증가에 따라 gram-positive cocci의 미생물은 감소한 반면 2kGy와 4kGy로 조사된 시료에서는 각각 yeasts와 gram-negative rod 미생물이 현저했다. TBA가는 조사량과 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.3175-3180
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• 2014

A potentiometric sensor based on the 1-benzyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl) thio-urea was synthesized and tested as an ionophore in PVC based membrane sensor towards $SCN^-$ ions. This membrane exhibits a linear stable response over a wide concentration range ($1.0{\times}10^{-5}$ to $1.0{\times}10^{-2}M$) with a slope of -59.2 mV/dec., a detection limit of ${\log}[SCN^-]=-5.05$, and a selectivity coefficient for thiocyanate against perchlorate anion of ${\log}K^{pot}_{SCN^-j}=-0.133$. The selectivity series of the membrane is as follows: $SCN^-$ > $ClO_4{^-}$ > $I^-$ > $NO_3{^-}$ > $HSO_3{^-}$ > $Cl^-$ > $HSO_4{^-}$ > $F^-$ > $CH_3COO^-$ > $HCO_3{^-}$ > $Br^-$ > $H_2PO_4{^-}$ > $SO{_3}^{2-}$ > $SO{_4}^{2-}$ > $CO{_3}^{2-}$. The proposed electrode showed good selectivity and a good response for the $SCN^-$ ion over a wide variety of other anions in pH 6.0 buffer solutions and has a fast response time of about < 5s. The influences of the membrane by pH, ionophore, and plasticizer were studied.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.28.1-28.7
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• 2016

Background: Significant increases in the bacterial resistance to various antibiotics have been found in fish farms. Non-antibiotic therapies for infectious diseases in aquaculture are needed. In recent years, light-emitting diode technology has been applied to the inactivation of pathogens, especially those affecting humans. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of blue light (wavelengths 405 and 465 nm) on seven major bacterial pathogens that affect fish and shellfish important in aquaculture. Results: We successfully demonstrate inactivation activity of a 405/465-nm LED on selected bacterial pathogens. Although some bacteria were not fully inactivated by the 465-nm light, the 405-nm light had a bactericidal effect against all seven pathogens, indicating that blue light can be effective without the addition of a photosensitizer. Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda were the most susceptible to the 405-nm light (36.1, 41.2, and $68.4J\;cm^{-2}$, respectively, produced one log reduction in the bacterial populations), whereas Streptococcus parauberis was the least susceptible ($153.8J\;cm^{-2}$ per one log reduction). In general, optical density (OD) values indicated that higher bacterial densities were associated with lower inactivating efficacy, with the exception of P. damselae and Vibrio harveyi. In conclusion, growth of the bacterial fish and shellfish pathogens evaluated in this study was inactivated by exposure to either the 405- or 465-nm light. In addition, inactivation was dependent on exposure time. Conclusions: This study presents that blue LED has potentially alternative therapy for treating fish and shellfish bacterial pathogens. It has great advantages in aspect of eco-friendly treating methods differed from antimicrobial methods.

• 천문학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

We present measurements of diffuse interstellar $H_2$ absorption lines in the continuum spectra of 10 early-type stars. The data were observed with the Berkeley Extreme and Far-Ultraviolet Spectrometer (BEFS) of the ORFEUS telescope on board the ORFEUS-SPAS I and II space-shuttle missions in 1993 and 1996, respectively. The spectra extend from the interstellar cutoff at 912 $\AA$ to about 1200 $\AA$ with a resolution of ~ 3000 and statistical signal-to-noise ratios between 10 and 65. Adopting Doppler broadening velocities from high-resolution optical observations, we obtain the $H_2$ column densities of rotational levels J" = 0 through 5 for each line of sight. The kinetic temperatures derived from J" = 0 and 1 states show a small variation around the mean value of 80 K, except for the component toward HD 219188, which has a temperature of 211 K. Based on a synthetic interstellar cloud model described in our previous work, we derive the incident UV intensity IUV and the hydrogen density $n_H$ of the observed components to be -0.4 $\leq$ log $I_{UV}\leq2.2$ and $6.3{\leq}n_H2500cm^{-3}$, respectively.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.228-233
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• 2001

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium의 대수 생장기 산 적응기전(acid tolerance response; ATR)은 pH 4.5 이하 조건에서 산 적응결과 형성된 것이며, 이것은 세균세포가 강한 산성환경에 노출되었을 때 생존율을 높일 수 있는 기전이다. ATR은 세균의 생장단계에 따라 대수 생장기 ATR과 생장 정지기 ATR로 구분되어질 수 있으며, 각 생장 단계는 산 적응 과정에서 합성되는 고유의 ASP (acid shock protein)가 존재한다. ATR 기전은 낮은 온도 등과 같은 환경조건에 영향을 받는다는 것이 본 실험 결과를 통하여 발견되었다. 낮은 온도 및 약산성 조건에 노출되었을 경우 강한 산성 조건에서 세균의 생존율은 증가하는 양상을 보였으며, 이때의 생존율은 $37^{\circ}C$에서 보여졌던 것보다 높게 나타났다. $25^{\circ}C$에서 산 적응을 하지 않은 경우의 세균은 $37^{\circ}C$와 비교하였을 경우 약 10,000배 정도의 생존율 증가를 보여주었다. 산 내성 반응에 주요한 기능을 담당하는 rpoS 돌연변이주의 산 내성도는 $37^{\circ}C$의 결과와 비교해블 때 저온의 조건에서 산 내성능이 높게 나타났다. 비륵 rpoS 돌연변이주가 저온에서 산 적응 여부에 관계없이 pH 3.1에서 유사한 ATR 양상을 보여주고 있지만, $25^{\circ}C$의 산성 조건에서 rpoS$\Omega$Ap 돌연변이주는 지속적 산 내성도를 나타내지 않음으로써 저온에서도 rpoS 의존성 ATR 기전이 존재하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 저온 조건에서는 rpoS의존적 및 -비의존적 ATR기전 모두가 존재하는 것으로 여겨진다. 저온 조건과 ATR의 기초연구를 위해서 병원성 5. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1에서 low temperature acid tolerance (lat) 유전자를 P22-MudJ(Km, lacZ)를 이용한 lacz 오페론 융합법을 사용하여 LF452 latA::MudJ를 분리하였다. LF452 latA::MudJ 돌연변이주는 저온에서 산 적응기전을 보유하지 않았으며, 결과적으로 latA는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 산 적응 내성 기전에 관여하는 중요 유전자로 판단되며, latA의 유전자는 Salmonella Genetic Map상의 21.5 min에 위치하고 있다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.969-976
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• 2006

Novel chalcones were found as potent inhibitors of interleukin-5 (II-5). 1-(6-Benzyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenone (2a, 78.8% inhibition at $50\;{\mu}M,\;IC_{50}=25.3\;{\mu}M$) was initially identified as a potent inhibitor of IL-5. This activity is comparable to that of budesonide or sophoricoside (1a). The benzyloxy group appears to be critical for the enhancement of the IL-5 inhibitory activity. To identify the role of this hydrophobic moiety, cyclohexyloxy (2d), cyclohexylmethoxy (2c), cyclohexylethoxy (2e), cyclohexylpropoxy (2f), 2-methylpropoxy (2g), 3-methylbutoxy (2h), 4-methylpentoxy (2i), and 2-ethylbutoxy (2j) analogs were prepared and tested for their effects on IL-5 bioactivity. Compounds 2c ($IC_{50}=12.6\;{\mu}M$), 2d ($IC_{50}=12.2\;{\mu}M$), and 2i ($IC_{50}=12.3\;{\mu}M$) exhibited the most potent activity. Considering the cLog P values of 2, the alkoxy group contributes to the cell permeability of 2 for the enhancement of activity, rather than playing a role in ligand motif binding to the receptor. The optimum alkoxy group in ring A of 2 should be one that provides the cLog P of 2 in the range of 4.22 to 4.67.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2012

1980년대 초 Sherwood교수가 한국에 와 있으면 당시 탄광의 호흡성먼지의 농도를 측정한 자료를 활용하여 로그-정규분포에 대한 분석을 한 자료이다. 탄광의 건조상태에서 농도는 물을 뿌리면서 하는 작업에 비해 매우 높은 수준을 보인다. 건조한 탄광에서 기하평균농도는 $26.1mg/m^{3}$이었고 물을 뿌린 탄광에서는 $4.1mg/m^{3}$이었다. 이는 매우 높은 수준이었음을 알 수 있다. 각 탄갱에서의 농도는 로그정규분포를 하였고 석탄을 접하는 탄갱에서의 농도는 $1.65mg/m^{3}$에서 $35mg/m^{3}$까지 다양하였다. 호흡성분진의 농도는 석탄을 접하는 탄갱에서 암석을 접하는 탄갱보다 높았는데 이는 분진의 원인이 석탄 때문이었다.