• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.279-301
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• 2004

Relations of factors associated with burnout were investigated among 124 child protective service workers currently working in Korean Child Abuse Prevention Centers nationwide. Three categories of factors associated with burnout were examined; (1) individual characteristics, (2) job-related characteristics, and (3) job-satisfaction. Social survey method using questionnaires by mail was employed. MBI(Maslach Burnout Inventory) for measuring burnout, a part of Smith, Kendal & Hulin's JDI(Job Description Index) for job-satisfaction, and a scale measuring the special characteristics of job developed by researchers were used. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were employed to analyze the data. Across all burnout sub-scales(emotional depletion, dehumanization of clients, lack of feelings of achievement), subjects reported a high degree(above the cutting point) of burnout. Several factors were identified as associated with burnout. Child protective service workers who are young, single with front line worker status reported higher burnout. Lack of education and training before the job location were another factors which contributed to worker burnout. Lack of proper supervision stood out as another burnout provoking factor. Job-satisfaction was negatively correlated with all three burnout sub-scales, which meant the lower the job-satisfaction, the higher the burnout of service workers. The findings implicate that the administrators of Child Abuse Prevention Centers should pay close attention to their workers' sign of burnout and develop carefully designed support system which include provision of excellent supervision, proper education and training opportunities and organizational effort to strengthen employees' overall job-satisfaction to secure their quality of services toward abused children and their family.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-95
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• 2013

This study aims to validate the cost of building the infrastructure to commercialize online electric vehicles. For that purpose, we probe the cost to construct the necessary infrastructure for online electric vehicles regarding Seoul area public bus transit. OLEV and PEV are considered as alternative electric vehicle schemes, and each of them has their own cons and pros in terms of rechargeable battery cost and charger cost. An optimization model which minimizes the cost to install online electric bus feeding devices is proposed in order to compare the total costs of the two alternative schemes. We developed a Mixed Integer Programming model to locate the feeding devices of several different lengths at each bus stops. Furthermore, we implemented a computer simulator to obtain the parameters which will be used in the MIP model and a Web-based system which determines the optimal location of infrastructure for the whole city area from a result of the MIP model. The cost comparison result shows that the total cost of OLEV is cheaper than that of PEV considering the real data of Seoul area public transit, and, as a result, confirms the feasibility of the commercialization of OLEV.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

To estimate the S-wave velocity structure beneath the KS31 broad-band station in Wonju, Korea, we used $H-{\kappa}$ stacking and joint inversion of receiver functions and surface-wave dispersion curves derived from 297 teleseismic events (Mw > 5.5) recorded during the period between 2002 and 2009. We thereby determined that the average depth to a nearly flat Moho is $32.4{\pm}0.5\;km$ within tens of kilometer radius of the seismic station. For the crust at this location, we estimate an average shear-wave velocity of 3.69 km/s and a ratio of P- to S-wave velocities, $V_p/V_s$, of $1.72{\pm}0.04$, as is typical for continental crust. A negative phase in the receiver functions at 1 s indicates the presence of a shearwave low velocity layer in a depth interval of 10 to 18 km in the upper crust beneath the KS31 station.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to identify the potential buyers' consciousness of single-family housing to provide useful data to help future single-family housing supplies in Ulsan. The study selected residents in Ulsan, who were over twenty and had an interest in living in a single-family housing. A survey was conducted from September 11, 2008 to September 25, 2008. The sample consisted of 364 persons who are currently live in Ulsan metropolitan area. The results are as following. About two thirds of the sample had the desire to live in a single-family housing. Moving into a single-family housing had financial preparation as the greatest issue. When moving into a single-family housing, the convenience of the residential district was the greatest consideration, whether or not it is a green environment, pollution level, etc. The potential buyers valued environment-friendly features and also had a very strong desire to own their own house. Many of them wanted to design and build their own single-family housing within a budget of 100-200 million KRW. In terms of the location, there was a higher preference for the riverside or lakeside rural areas outside the city. In terms of size, the preference was less than $330m^2$, which includes $99-132m^2$ for residential. When considering a single-family housing the direction was the most important feature, along with eco-friendly and safer materials and equipments. When building the single-family housing the potential buyers considered the community spaces first with a preference for having three bedrooms and two bathrooms. For the exterior, they wanted a unique shape of roof and there were high preferences for brown and beige colors. In terms of housing complexes, the potential buyers preferred individual unit types over complexes. If they preferred housing complexes, they wanted the cluster form complex with about 10-30 units. The complex also required a park-like setting with a guard system, which shows that convenience and safety were the most important features. In terms of complex management, they considered environmental management as the most important feature. The potential buyers were willing to pay belw 200,000 KRW, which showed their desire to minimize financial burdens.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.11
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• pp.985-993
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• 2014

This paper suggested a new evaluation method for optimal HUD position through a correlation based on between biological signal as and statistical analysis which using (Electroencephalogram, EEG) and ANOVA. This experiment was conducted two kinds of method to evaluate the optimal HUD position. At first, visual stimulus suggested from six different positions(the top and the bottom of the left, the top and the bottom of the center and the top and the bottom of the right on the screen) in laboratory and an object image was shown for 30 seconds in a screen which has $235{\times}197cm2$ size. And second, HUD image was configured from three different positions and an object image was shown for 30 seconds in a screen. EEG, which used ${\alpha}$-wave and ${\beta}$-wave for evaluate an emotional stability, were measured from Fp1, Fp2, F7 and F8 channel based on ten to twenty electrode system. From the result in laboratory, F7 ${\beta}$-wave was shown statistically significant to significance probability of 0.006 and between ${\alpha}$-wave and ${\beta}$-wave were showed a negative correlation(r=-0.190). Also, Both the top of left and the bottom of center were showed lower ${\beta}$-wave than the bottom of right. From the result in railway simulator, Fp1 ${\beta}$-wave was appeared statistically significant as significance probability of 0.033 and it was showed lower ${\beta}$-wave than center. The outcome of this study will be helpful about evaluation of optimal HUD position through correlation between alpha wave and beta wave.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2009

Context-aware computing, as a core of smart space development, has been widely regarded as useful in realizing individual service provision. However, most of context-aware services so fat are in its early stage to be dispatched for actual usage in the real world, caused mainly by user's privacy concerns. Moreover, since legacy context-aware services have focused on acquiring in an automatic manner the extra-personal context such as location, weather and objects near by, the services are very limited in terms of quality and variety if the service should identify intra-personal context such as attitudes and privacy concern, which are in fact very useful to select the relevant and timely services to a user. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel methodology to infer the user's privacy concern as intra-personal context in an intelligent manner. The proposed methodology includes a variety of stimuli from outside the person and then performs model-based reasoning with social theory models from model base to predict the user's level of privacy concern semi-automatically. To show the feasibility of the proposed methodology, a survey has been performed to examine the performance of the proposed methodology.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2014

Ocean Literacy is an understanding of the ocean's influence on you and your influence on the ocean. This research developed the 7 ocean education model courses using ocean literacy based on the analysis of ocean education programs which executed 23 agencies in Busan. These model courses are combined in the type of indoor theory, indoor experience, field study and field experience. Also, this makes the guide map for ocean education in a 76cm*56cm size to distinguish and choose the course easily. This map is the format combined in geological location and tourist attraction spots in Busan, includes education centers, contents, lead time and so on, and it is possible for educatees to handle their preference and seasonality elastically. This map including ocean education model course is a milestone to activate ocean education, and is helpful to reach the goal of ocean education and to lead ocean professionals. In addition, this research presents the development of teaching materials, training aids to complement the weakness of indoor education, the development of cyber education through making video contents as the activation measures of ocean education.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1908-1918
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• 2013

Free-view, auto-stereoscopic video service is a next generation broadcasting system which offers a three-dimensional video, images of the various point are needed. This paper proposes a method that parallelizes the algorithm for arbitrary intermediate view-point image fast generation and make it faster using General Propose Graphic Processing Unit(GPGPU) with help of the Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA). It uses a parallelized stereo-matching method between the leftmost and the rightmost depth images to obtain disparity information and It use data calculated disparity increment per depth value. The disparity increment is used to find the location in the intermediate view-point image for each depth in the given images. Then, It is eliminate to disocclusions complement each other and remaining holes are filled image using hole-filling method and to get the final intermediate view-point image. The proposed method was implemented and applied to several test sequences. The results revealed that the quality of the generated intermediate view-point image corresponds to 30.47dB of PSNR in average and it takes about 38 frames per second to generate a Full HD intermediate view-point image.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.81-92
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to compare values, characteristics and the world heritage listed tendency of walls in East Asia. Walls in East Asia are similar by the geographically adjacent, type, form and materials, etc. Thus to demonstrate the differentiation is not easy, but walls heritage of a tentative list or listed on the UNESCO World Heritage were discriminated by the evaluation criteria of world heritage. Hidden problems are not to be described the differences by the consistent manner. So we need efforts to separate the distinction and originality of walls according to the characteristics of each heritage. As the method of this study, we reviewed the terminology associated with the wall and then have examined the following four aspects as the characteristics of each heritage category. 1) Classification according to the function and purpose, 2) Classification according to the type and size of the walls(the length of wall), 3) Classification according to the location and topography, 4) Classification according to materials and technology(construction method). And we have analyzed the tendency of OUV(Outstanding Universal Value) of the world heritage listed wall. Also we examined the value basis of the differences and similarities presented by each heritage. In the future, we should complement the following two aspects of the wall heritage in East Asia for comparing the exact value. first, we ought to come up with a system that we can easily compare the similarities and differences of similar walls heritage. Second, we have to make every effort to describe the walls heritage by considering OUV evaluation criteria to be able to share with people all around the world.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The main aim of this study is to provide an overview of the characteristics the Oungak (五雲閣) area on the north of rear garden of Gyeongbokgung Palace which was constructed during the time of king Kojong. This study also consider the aspect of functional elements of Ocryucheon (玉流川) located in Changdeokgung Palace and how the Oungak area was used as a substitute for the Ocryucheon. The Oungak area is the private space of the king. It was built in a natural setting which used existing environment including spring water and the rock carved with inscriptions 'Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji (天下第一福地). King Kojong tried to replace Ocryucheon with Oungak area which had played a important role of relaxation and leisure for royal family at the Ocryucheon to reconstructed Gyeongbokgung Palace. Despite being away from each other, Oungak area seems quite similar to Ocryucheon area. Oungak area and Ocryucheon have a common conditions of a location and structure of the building. Both constructed on the northernmost part of rear garden, composition of buildings and the design of waterway estimated to function as Curve-Stream Banquet. Oungak area was consisted of Ocryeonjeong (玉蓮亭) Pavilion, Oungak Building, Byeokhwasil (碧華室) Building and Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji-Cheon (天下第一福地泉) Spring and Streams. Except Byeokhwasil Building, spatial compositions of Oungak area showed pattern that were similar to Ocryucheon area. The area was developed, moreover, to unconventional space that depended on the conditions of topography, slope, water system. First, The Ocryeonjeong Pavilion constructed to view the landscape of Seoul to Namsan Mountain. Second, the peculiar form of Cheonha-Jaeil-Bokji-Cheon Streams is estimated the shape imitated from Curve-Stream Banquet on Ocryuchon. Third, Oungak Building was constructed like a habitable house with Nongsanjeong Building in Ocryucheon. The Oungak area was constructed to improve Gyeongbokgung Palace, Consequently, the Oungak area specially characteristic of Joseon palaces's rear garden.