• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.911-920
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• 2022

Objective: ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL is a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting tracer based on Glu-Urea-Lys derivatives conjugated to a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid (NOTA) chelator via a thiourea-type short linker. This phase I clinical trial of ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL was conducted to evaluate the safety and radiation dosimetry of ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL in healthy volunteers and the lesion detection rate of ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL in patients with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We designed a prospective, open-label, single-arm clinical trial with two cohorts comprising six healthy adult men and six patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Safety and blood test-based toxicities were monitored throughout the study. PET/CT scans were acquired at multiple time points after administering ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL (2 MBq/kg; 96-165 MBq). In healthy adults, absorbed organ doses and effective doses were calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software. In patients with prostate cancer, the rates of detecting suspicious lesions by ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL PET/CT and conventional imaging (CT and bone scintigraphy) during the screening period, within one month after recruitment, were compared. Results: All 12 participants (six healthy adults aged 31-32 years and six prostate cancer patients aged 57-81 years) completed the clinical trial. No drug-related adverse events were observed. In the healthy adult group, ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL was rapidly distributed, with the highest uptake in the kidneys. The median effective dose coefficient was calculated as 0.025 mSv/MBq, and cumulative activity in the bladder had the highest contribution. In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, 229 suspicious lesions were detected using either ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL PET/CT or conventional imaging. Among them, ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL PET/CT detected 199 (86.9%) lesions and CT or bone scintigraphy detected 114 (49.8%) lesions. Conclusion: ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL can be safely applied clinically and has shown a higher detection rate for the localization of metastatic lesions in prostate cancer than conventional imaging. Therefore, ⁶⁸Ga-NGUL is a valuable option for prostate cancer imaging.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.781-787
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• 2017

Objective: The early growth response (Egr) family consists of four members (Egr1, Egr2, Egr3, and Egr4) that are zinc finger transcription factors. Among them, Egr3 is involved in transcriptional regulation of target genes during muscle spindle formation and neurite outgrowth. We previously showed that the immunoreactive Egr3 is localized on oocyte spindle and accumulate near the microtubule organizing center during meiosis I in mice. Egr3 was also shown to be localized on spermatocytes. We herein investigated if Egr3 is expressed in mouse gonads and if Egr3 blockade results in any defect in oocyte maturation. Methods: Expression of Egr3 in mouse gonads was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Full-length Egr3 and truncated Egr3 (${\Delta}Egr3$) complementary RNAs (cRNAs) with Xpress tag at N-terminus and DsRed2 at C-terminus, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Egr3 were microinjected into mouse oocytes at germinal vesicle stage. Localization of microinjected Egr3 was examined by confocal live imaging and immunofluorescence staining. Results: Egr3 mRNA was detected in mouse ovaries and testes from 1 to 4 week-old mice. An uncharacterized longer transcript containing 5'untranslated region was also detected in 3 and 4 week-old gonads. Microinjected Xpress-Egr3-DsRed2 or Xpress-${\Delta}Egr3$-DsRed2 localized to nuclei and chromosomes during meiotic progression. Microinjection of these cRNAs or Egr3 siRNA in oocytes did not affect meiotic maturation. Immunofluorescence staining of Egr3 in Xpress-${\Delta}Egr3$-DsRed2-injected oocytes showed a positive signal only on meiotic spindle, suggesting that this antibody does not detect endogenous or exogenous Egr3 in mouse oocytes. Conclusion: The results show that Egr3 localizes to chromosomes during meiotic progression and that certain antibodies may not faithfully represent localization of target proteins in oocytes. Egr3 seems to be dispensable during oocyte maturation in mice.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2010

최근 정밀한 암 치료를 위해 방사선 치료기술이 강도변도 방사선치료, 영상유도 방사선치료 등의 눈부신 발전을 이루어 왔다. 2000년 이후로는 치료실에서 환자의 실제 치료위치를 정확히 파악하여 정밀한 치료를 가능하게 하는 영상 유도방사선 치료기술이 사용되고 있으며 가장 중요한 기술 중 하나가 방사선 치료 전에 다양한 방법의 의료 영상을 이용하여 환자의 치료 위치를 보정하는 것으로 가장 최근의 기술로는 선형가속기에 장착된 2차원 평면검출기를 이용한 콘빔CT (Cone Beam CT: CBCT)가 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 CBCT의 "half fan" 조건에서 획득된 projection영상을 이용하여 360도 회전한 모든 영상이 아닌 제한된 각도에서 획득한 투사영상을 이용하여 환자의 해부학적 정보를 볼 수 있는 디지털 영상합성영상(Digital Tomosynthesis) 기술을 구현하였고 실제 위치교정을 위해 촬영된 환자 데이터를 이용하여 방사선 치료 환자 위치 교정을 위한 효용성을 검증하였다. 그 결과 동일 단층상에서의 해부학적 정보 표현에서 CBCT 영상과 비교하였을 때 유사성을 보였고 선량적인 측면에서 우월성을 나타냈다. 이러한 DTS의 장점을 극대화 하고 최적화가 이루어진다면 방사선 치료 위치 보정용으로 CBCT를 대체 할 수 있는 기술이 될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2013

척추 수술의 합병증으로 뇌척수액 누출이 발생할 수 있는데 이를 영상학적으로 진단하는 것은 어려움이 있다. 이 연구에서는 자기공명척수조영술을 이용하여 척추 수술 후 뇌척수액 누출을 확인하였던 두 환자의 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 두 환자는 각기 요추 추간판 절제술과 척추 수막종 제거술을 받은 뒤 심한 두통을 호소하였다. 두 환자의 자기공명척수조영영상에서 척추 뇌수막액 누출 부위가 확인되었고, 이에 대해 환자들은 각각 epidural blood patch와 재수술을 받았다. 이 두 사례에서 자기공명척수조영술은 척추 뇌수막액의 누출 부위를 정확히 보여주었고, 척수강과 가성수막류 (pseudomeningocele) 사이의 교통로를 잘 나타내주었다. 척수 수술 후 뇌수막액 누출을 확인하기 위한 검사로 자기공명척수조영술이 유용한 것으로 생각된다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 단일 센서와 시간역전 원리를 이용하여 간단한 판에서 충격 위치를 결정할 수 있는 탐상법을 다루었다. 수치적인 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 시간역전에 의한 충격위치와 그 주변에서 신호의 집속효과를 관찰하고, 충격위치 결정에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자들(가진력의 크기, 신호의 기록시간)에 대해 살펴보았다. 이러한 결과를 기초로 두 가지 다른 충격위치에 대한 실험을 수행하고 그 결과를 가시화하였으며, 실제 충격위치를 정확하게 결정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 여기서 제안한 방법의 특징은 단일센서를 사용하는 것과 시험체의 형상과 물성을 몰라도 된다는 점이다. 또한 판에서와 같이 분산성의 다중모드 파동이 발생하는 경우에도 특정 모드나 주파수에 의존할 필요가 없다. 따라서 기존의 충격위치 결정법에 비해 많은 장점을 지니고 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2015

Background Glomus tumors were first described by Wood in 1812 as painful subcutaneous tubercles. It is an uncommon benign neoplasm involving the glomus body, an apparatus that involves in thermoregulation of cutaneous microvasculature. Glomus tumor constitutes 1%-5% of all hand tumors. It usually occurs at the subungual region and more commonly in aged women. Its classical clinical triad consists of pain, tenderness and temperature intolerance, especially cold sensitivity. This study reviews 15 cases of glomus tumor which were analyzed according to its anatomic location, surgical approach and histologic findings. Methods Fifteen patients with subungual glomus tumors of the hand operated on between January 2006 and March 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were evaluated preoperatively with standard physical examination including ice cube test and Love's test. Diagnostic imaging consisted of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. All procedures were performed with tourniquet control under local anesthesia. Eleven patients underwent excision using the transungual approach, 3 patients using the volar approach and 1 patient using the lateral subperiosteal approach. Results Total of 15 cases were reviewed. 11 tumors were located in the nail bed, 3 in the volar pulp and 1 in the radial aspect of the finger tip. After complete excision, patients remained asymptomatic in the immediate postoperative period. In the long term follow up, patients exhibited excellent cosmetic results with no recurrence. Conclusions Accurate diagnosis should be made by physical, radiologic and pathologic examinations. Preoperative localization and complete extirpation is essential in preventing recurrence and subsequent nail deformity.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2020

Purpose: The detection and exact localization of penetrating foreign bodies are crucial for the appropriate management of patients with dentoalveolar trauma. This study compared the efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and spiral computed tomography (CT) scans for the detection of different foreign bodies composed of 5 frequently encountered materials in 2 sizes. The effect of the location of the foreign bodies on their visibility was also analyzed. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, metal, tooth, stone, glass, and plastic particles measuring 1×1×1 mm and 2×2×2 mm were prepared. They were implanted in a sheep's head in the tongue muscle, nasal cavity, and at the interface of the mandibular cortex and soft tissue. CBCT and spiral CT scans were taken and the visibility of foreign bodies was scored by 4 skilled maxillofacial radiologists who were blinded to the location and number of foreign bodies. Results: CT and CBCT were equally accurate in visualizing metal, stone, and tooth particles of both sizes. However, CBCT was better for detecting glass particles in the periosteum. Although both imaging modalities visualized plastic particles poorly, CT was slightly better for detecting plastic particles, especially the smaller ones. Conclusion: Considering the lower patient radiation dose and cost, CBCT can be used with almost equal accuracy as CT for detecting foreign bodies of different compositions and sizes in multiple maxillofacial regions. However, CT performed better for detecting plastic particles.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) neurography using the 3-dimensional double-echo steady-state with water excitation (3D-DESS-WE) sequence for the preoperative delineation of the facial and lingual nerves. Materials and Methods: Patients underwent MR neurography for a tumor in the parotid gland area or lingual neuropathy from January 2020 to December 2021 were reviewed. Preoperative MR neurography using the 3D-DESS-WE sequence was evaluated. The visibility of the facial nerve and lingual nerve was scored on a 5-point scale, with poor visibility as 1 point and excellent as 5 points. The facial nerve course relative to the tumor was identified as superficial, deep, or encased. This was compared to the actual nerve course identified during surgery. The operative findings in lingual nerve surgery were also described. Results: Ten patients with parotid tumors and 3 patients with lingual neuropathy were included. Among 10 parotid tumor patients, 8 were diagnosed with benign tumors and 2 with malignant tumors. The median facial nerve visibility score was 4.5 points. The distribution of scores was as follows: 5 points in 5 cases, 4 points in 1 case, 3 points in 2 cases, and 2 points in 2 cases. The lingual nerve continuity score in the affected area was lower than in the unaffected area in all 3 patients. The average visibility score of the lingual nerve was 2.67 on the affected side and 4 on the unaffected side. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the preoperative localization of the facial and lingual nerves using MR neurography with the 3D-DESS-WE sequence was feasible and contributed to surgical planning for the parotid area and lingual nerve.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2014

During surgical procedures, unexpected material, including surgical instruments and tissue segments, may get lost in the surgical field. Most of these should be immediately removed to prevent further complications, such as vital organ irritation, infection, and inflammatory pseudo-tumor formation. However, it is not always easy to define the exact location of the foreign body, especially if the item is very small and/or it is embedded in the soft tissue of the head and neck region. Intraoperative real-time radiological imaging with C-arm fluoroscopy can be useful to trace the three-dimensional location of small and embedded foreign bodies in the oral and maxillofacial area. We describe an unusual case of an embedded micro-screw in the intrinsic tongue muscle that had been dropped into the sublingual space during a lower alveolar bone graft procedure. The lost foreign body was accurately identified with C-arm fluoroscopy and safely removed without any further complications.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2020

Epidermoid cysts are benign tumors that account for approximately 1% of intracranial tumors. In very rare cases, temporally located extradural intradiploic epidermoid cysts can cause neurological symptoms and skull perforation. Herein, we report the case of a 34-year-old woman who underwent successful treatment of an epidermoid cyst in the temporal region accompanied by neurological symptoms. Accurate radiological evaluation and complete removal of the tumor and capsule play a vital role in ensuring favorable long-term outcomes. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans can provide an accurate assessment of the extent of intracranial expansion and invasion of the cerebral parenchyma, as well as enabling the precise localization and characterization of the bone defect and mass. In addition, collaborative surgery with a neurosurgeon is required for cases involving intracranial expansion and dural invasion.