• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.50-61
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• 2017

This study devised a user-participatory design process for users to participate directly in the design process and was implemented at Daegu Padong Elementary School. Users of the school forest were divided into four groups: the lower grades, the upper grades, local residents(parents included), and faculty. The methods of this study were image survey, preference survey, card playing, and model playing. Researchers investigated the level of user satisfaction the following year. The specific design process is as follows: First of all, the concept of the school forest was established through audio-visual education for students and image research was conducted through drawing and painting activities entitled 'The School Forest I Want'. Second, in the image survey, a survey of areas and facilities with high frequency use was conducted in the study of the lower grades, the upper grades, local residents, and the faculty. Image cards of spaces and facilities that showed high preference were produced and the cards were placed in four groups on the school lot plan to check the location of place and facilities desired. Based on this, a model and a basic idea were created through consultation with future users. Lastly, the study design was completed. After 1 year from the completion of the school forest, users were again surveyed regarding their satisfaction with use. The importance of this study is as follows: 1) Treating all potential users of a school forest as the subject of design participation, 2) Reasoning out a plan created by the users themselves through consultation and discussion throughout all steps of the design process, 3) Grasping how users utilize a school forest and the type of spaces most preferred via preference survey after completion of the school forest and showing the importance of user participation by showing that spaces preferred by users were similar to those in which experts were also highly interested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.354-372
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the philosophical position of various scientific theories based on the scientific worldviews for science education. In addition, it aims to expand science education, which has usually dealt with epistemology and methodology, to ontology, that is, to the problem of metaphysics. It can be said that there exists a physical realism, traditionally defined as a strong determinism of the metaphysical belief. That is fixed and unchanging objective scientific knowledge independent of our minds, which was established by Newton, Einstein and Schridinger. What can be seen in the natural laws of dynamics can be called 'mathematicization'. Einstein also shook the traditional views to some extent through the theory of relativity, but his theory was still close to traditional thinking. On the contrary, to escape from this rigid determinism, we need anthropomorphic concepts such as 'possibility' and 'chance'. It is a characteristic of the modern scientific worldviews that leads the change of scientific theory from a classically strong deterministic thought to a weak deterministic accidental accident, probability theory, and a naturalistic point of view. This can be said to correspond to Darwin's theory of evolution and quantum mechanics. We can have three types of epistemological worlds that justify this ontological worldviews. These are rationalism, empiricism and naturalism. In many cases, science education does not tell us what kind of metaphysical beliefs the scientific theories we deal with in the field of education are based on. Also, science education focuses only on the understanding of scientific knowledge. However, it can be said that true knowledge can bring understanding only when it is connected to the knowledge of learned knowledge and the learner's own metaphysical belief in the world. Therefore, in the future, science education needs to connect various scientific theories based on scientific worldviews and philosophical position and present them to students.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

Corporate social responsibility has become a very important issue for researchers (Greenfield, 2004; Maignan & Ralston, 2002; McWilliams et al., 2006; Pearce & Doh 2005), and many consider it necessary for businesses to define their role in society and apply social and ethical standards to their businesses (Lichtenstein et al., 2004). As a result, a significant number of retailers have adopted CSR as a strategic tool to promote their businesses. To this end, this study sought to discover U.S. consumers' attitudes and behavior in ethical purchasing and consumption based on their subjective perception and evaluation of a retailer. The objectives of this study include: 1) determine the participants awareness of retailers corporate social responsibility; 2) assess how participants evaluate retailers corporate social responsibility; 3) examine whether participants evaluation process of retailers CSR influence their attitude toward the retailer; and 4) assess if participants attitude toward the retailers CSR influence their purchase behavior. This study does not focus on actual retailers' CSR performance because a consumer's decision making process is based on an individual assessment not an actual fact. This study examines US college students' awareness and evaluations of retailers' corporate social responsibility (CSR). Fifty six college students at a major Southeastern university participated in the study. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 26 years old. Content analysis was conducted with open coding and focused coding. Over 100 single-spaced pages of written responses were collected and analyzed. Two steps of coding (i.e., open coding and focused coding) were conducted (Esterberg, 2002). Coding results and analytic memos were used to understand participants' awareness of CSR and their ethical purchasing behavior supported through the selection and inclusion of direct quotes that were extracted from the written responses. Names used here are pseudonyms to protect confidentiality of participants. Participants were asked to write about retailers, their aware-ness of CSR issues, and to evaluate a retailer's CSR performance. A majority (n = 28) of respondents indicated their awareness of CSR but have not felt the need to act on this issue. Few (n=8) indicated that they are aware of this issue but not greatly concerned. Findings suggest that when college students evaluate retailers' CSR performance, they use three dimensions of CSR: employee support, community support, and environmental support. Employee treatment and support were found as an important criterion in evaluation of retailers' CSR. Respondents indicated that their good experience with a retailer as an employee made them have a positive perception and attitude toward the retailer. Regarding employee support four themes emerged: employee rewards and incentives based on performance, working environment, employee education and training program, and employee and family discounts. Well organized rewards and incentives were mentioned as an important attribute. The factors related to the working environment included: how well retailers follow the rules related to working hours, lunch time and breaks was also one of the most mentioned attributes. Regarding community support, three themes emerged: contributing a percentage of sales to the local community, financial contribution to charity organizations, and events for community support. Regarding environments, two themes emerged: recycling and selling organic or green products. It was mentioned in the responses that retailers are trying to do what they can to be environmentally friendly. One respondent mentioned that the company is creating stores that have an environmentally friendly design. Information about what the company does to help the environment can easily be found on the company’s website as well. Respondents have also noticed that the stores are starting to offer products that are organic and environmentally friendly. A retailer was also mentioned by a respondent in this category in reference to how the company uses eco-friendly cups and how they are helping to rebuild homes in New Orleans. The respondents noticed that a retailer offers reusable bags for their consumers to purchase. One respondent stated that a retailer uses its products to help the environment, through offering organic cotton. After thorough analysis of responses, we found that a participant's evaluation of a retailers' CSR influenced their attitudes towards retailers. However, there was a significant gap between attitudes and purchasing behavior. Although the participants had positive attitudes toward retailers CSR, the lack of funds and time influenced their purchase behavior. Overall, half (n=28) of the respondents mentioned that CSR performance affects their purchasing decisions making when shopping. Findings from this study provide support for retailers to consider their corporate social responsibility when developing their image with the consumer. This study implied that consumers evaluate retailers based on employee, community and environmental support. The evaluation, attitude and purchase behavior of consumers seem to be intertwined. That is, evaluation is based on the knowledge the consumer has of the retailers CSR. That knowledge may influence their attitude toward the retailer and thus influence their purchase behavior. Participants also indicated that having CSR makes them think highly of the retailer, but it does not influence their purchase behavior. Price and convenience seem to surpass the importance of CSR among the participants. Implications, recommendations for future research, and limitations of the study are also discussed.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.101-111
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• 2017

This Research is to Find how the CSR Activities for the Growth of Stable and Sustainable Family Business do Influence the Improvement of Company's Brand Image and Service Purchase Intention. It is Aimed for Finding how the Image of Company Pursuing the Diverse CSR Activities is Recognized by General Consumers and the Correlation between the Improvement of Company's Image and the Product & Service Purchase Intention. 323 Exemplars were Distributed to the University Students in Seoul Metropolitan and Chungcheong Area, and 314 Finally were Used for the Analysis. It was Investigated the Demographical Factors, the Important Fields among Company's CSR Activities, the Reason for Company's CSR Activities, the Preferred Companies among Sponsoring Companies. It was Analyzed Three Items of Company Image such as Product/Service, Potential Competence, Relation to Public Benefit and the Regression Model was Investigated how these Three Items do Influence the Purchase Intention. The Research Results Show 'the Improvement of Social Awareness for Company' and 'Negative Awareness Change for Company' as the Reason for CSR. Consumers have the Preference to the Companies Actively Sponsoring Culture & Arts, and this Generally Affects the Business Results, and thus, it is Considered that the Companies have to Contribute the Local Society with the Sprit of Corporate Citizenship in Accordance with the Consumers needs, and Actively to Extend the Culture & Arts Sponsorship.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.623-634
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• 2015

This research aims to perform an in-depth investigation about meanings and essence of working as clinical research nurses in local general hospitals. In order to interpret and reveal the meanings of role experience, data were collected from objects of 7 participants for 3 months. Data were analyzed by ethnographic research tools of Spradley. Themes conducted from this study were 'new experience about social learning process' and 'joys and sorrows through study participants ', 'lack of specialized learning course in nursing curriculums' and 'roles of general research planner', 'one's own work space' and 'proactive work environment that is relaxing and filled with consideration for others', 'hardship of being temporary employees. Clinical research nurses have experienced expansion of roles through new social learning processes. Conclusively, this study will provide useful basic data to develop new curriculum about clinical research nursing for nursing students and to improve working conditions for clinical research nurses.e purpose of this study is to design and implement a sign language dictionary for the deaf to understand information communication terminologies. When the deafs who have difficulties in communication use the internet, they can get help from this dictionary in accessing various types of information and expressing their intension. In order for the deaf to utilize the internet as efficiently as ordinary people, they must understand information communication terminologies first.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

Modern disasters prevent accidents in advance and recover after accidents are very important. Our government's current response to these accidents is not appropriate. As for disaster management so far, it has been the center of disaster response and recovery efforts, and has been led by the government against it. The reality is that most private organizations and agencies have only subsidized government disaster management agencies. Korea is no longer a safe zone for earthquakes. Now for the establishment of effective disaster management system for earthquakes in the diagnosis is very urgent and the problems of the operational disaster management, which the problems of the nation.Policies to improve academic efforts to seek alternative proposal is also at a time when volume can be said to be very big need to mine. This study from 2016 to 2019, about the earthquake that took place between National Statistical Office, based on analysis of data to. First of all, research 1: What was the government's plan on Pohang earthquake? The results showed that the residents' evacuation of Pohang was important in the Pohang earthquake, but for the sake of students' safety, they were directly assigned to the test site to cope with the emergency situation. Therefore, the research and analysis shows that the nation should continue to think about the causes and responses of the damage at the disaster site and strive to develop technologies and methods to minimize the damage.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.251-262
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• 2011

The preference for maesengee sauce was investigated by developing 3 types of maesengee sauces. Through the comparative analysis of the developed maesangee sauces, the study aimed to develop maesangee sauce as a health functional food and to activate the local economy by the development of maesangee sauce as the processed food in the future. For the composition analysis of maesangee, the maesangee that was purchased from Gangjin-gun in July, 2009 was used as a base material. Based on the investigation results of preference for maesangee sauces, the following 3 types of maesangee sauces including maesangee red vinegar sauce, maesangee plain yogurt sauce and maesangee wrapping sauce were developed. By performing the comparative analysis of preference for the developed maesangee sauce types, this study aimed to put perfection in the research. The sample product of the developed maesangee sauce was used for the questionnaire survey for 42 students attending culinary colleges located in Gwangju from November 9, 2009 to November 16, 2009. For the statistical analysis, frequency analysis was used. The composition analysis result of maesangee revealed the presence of p(227.98mg/100g), Ca(58.32mg/100g) and Fe(7.8mg/100g), No detection of Vitamin A($0{\mu}gRE$/100g), Vitamin $B_1$(0.0837mg/100g), Vitamin $B_2$(0.0641mg/100g), Vitamin B6(0.0261mg/100g), Vitamin C(19.9877mg/100g), Vitamin E(0.3677mgaTF/100g), Vitamin K($7.2079{\mu}g$/100g), and Niacin(1.5057mgaNF/100g). Based upon the questionnaire survey results, the sample product development of maesangee red vinegar sauce, maesangee plain yogurt sauce and maesangee wrapping sauce was achieved along with their preparation methods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.785-793
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• 2017

The guidelines for the district unit planning(DUP) of detached houses in the area of Misagangbyeon-City (MISA) do not consider the characteristics of the region. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the blocks and parking lots of the detached houses area. The research results can be summarized as follows: 1) Detailed design guidelines are provided for apartment homes in MISA, but not for detached houses. 2) Apartment home and multi-family house parking lot equivaluation calculations exist in the DUP guidelines, however there are no regulations related to detached houses and the problem of parking for these residents is worsening which causes tension. 3) The DUP guidelines stipulate that the outer wall material of multi-family houses must be glass, however this is a dangerous material for use on the first floor, because cars that park close to this wall. 4) There is a significant risk to elementary and kindergarten students who must walk along the road in the inner blocks where cars are driving quickly. 5) There are a number of issues involved when planning parking lots without considering the characteristics of the area. The local government uses the traditional parking lot codes without considering the current regional characteristics, whereas the number of cars has dramatically increased. 6) The pedestrian mall is not currently being used for pedestrians, because it is full of parked cars due to the lack of parking space.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.90-110
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the parental recognition and utilizing patterns of oriental medical care in children who live in Seong-Dong district. Methods 802 day-care center children's parents participated in the survey on recognition and utilizing patterns of oriental medical care, and 702 of the surveys were analyzed. Results: 1. 38.33% has received previous oriental medical treatments and most were received at the children's age under 12-24 months. Majority of the treatments took place in the clinical settings. By recommendation, some also received their treatment at the medical centers. One of the reasons why they receive oriental medical treatments was that they prefer to balance their treatment with the orental medical treatments along with the western's. 2. 53.85% of those who received oriental medical treatments were satisfied with their treatments. The effective treatment results were the major reason for the satisfaction. 3. 49.56% of those who had oriental medical treatments chose specific oriental medical facilities for the children's ailment. Most specific oriental medical facilities were local oriental medical clinics. Reputation fame were the main reason in choosing the clinics. 4. In 2009, 55.26% had received care in the specific oriental medical clinics for the diseases, such as respiratory symptoms, systemic symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, skin problems, neurological and psychiatric disease for infants, and respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, systemic symptoms, skin problems, neurological and psychiatric symptoms, urinary symptoms and musculoskeletal symptoms for toddlers. 5. The average duration of herbal treatment were 7-14 days, preferably 4-6 days, and preferred number of medical visits were once a week on Saturdays and preferred day for night cares were on Friday nights. Average treatment fee per treatment was less than 10,000 won which coincided with the preferred treatment fee per visit. 6. The very first medical institutions chosen by parents once their children are ill are the following; Western medical institutions, western medical clinics, pharmacies, oriental medical clinics, health centers, and lastly, oriental medical institutions. The major concerns in receiving oriental medical cares include pesticides in herbs and hazardous substances in heavy metals. Preferred form of oriental medicine was decoction, the negative feedback of oriental medicine was mostly due to the bitter taste of the oriental herbal decoctions. Preferred frequency of intake was twice a day with less than 10cc~20cc per single intake. Conclusions: Taken all together, we conclude that the growing recognition of Oriental Pediatric medicine is needed among parents.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.409-417
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• 2015

This study aimed to summarize the characteristics of visitor experience for different market segments based on insect experience orientation in order to develop Ptecticus tenebrifer (Diptera: Stratiomyidae [Walker]) experience programs using local resources in the insect industrial market. A total of 325 effective samples were collected, and the attributes of insect experience orientation were connected to education, emotion, society, and ego. The survey respondents were students and parents of school-age children. Cluster analysis showed that the respondents were classified into two or three groups that were all found to be high in the prediction validity and discriminant analysis. Based on this result, the respondents were properly subdivided into three clusters for final analysis. Those three groups were: the passive group, the moderate group, and the active-orientation group. As a group aiming for various insect experiences, the active-orientation group consisted of parents whose children range in age from either 5 to 9 or from 10 to 14. This group was willing to spend 7 ~ 8,000 won on each experience program, and they preferred emotional experience programs. The passive and moderate orientation groups were most interested in having an educational experience. In order to increase people's interest in experience programs, education-oriented programs should be developed and promotional marketing should be reinforced. The results and implications of this study may be useful for the development of insect experience programs that can meet various visitor experience orientations as basic data that can contribute to the vitalization of the 6th industrialization plan for the insect industry.