• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3045-3050
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• 2014

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal of all urological cancers and tumor angiogenesis is closely related with its growth, invasion, and metastasis. Recent studies have suggested that epidermal growth factor-like domain multiple 7 (EGFL7) is overexpressed by many tumors, such as colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma; it is also correlated with progression, metastasis, and a poor prognosis. However, the role of EGFL7 in RCC is not clear. In this study, we examined how EGFL7 contributes to the growth of RCC using a co-culture system in vitro and a xenograft model in vivo. Downregulated EGFL7 expression in RCC cells affected the migration and tubule formation of HMEC-1 cells, but not their growth and apoptosis in vitro. The level of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation in HMEC-1 cells decreased significantly when co-cultured with 786-0/iEGFL7 cells compared with 786-0 cells. After adding rhEGFL7, the level of FAK phosphorylation in HMEC-1 cells was significantly elevated compared with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control. However, FAK phosphorylation was abrogated by EGFR inhibition. The average size of RCC local tumors in the 786-0/iEGFL7 group was noticeably smaller than those in the 786-0 cell group and their vascular density was also significantly decreased. These data suggest that EGFL7 has an important function in the growth of RCC by facilitating angiogenesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4847-4851
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• 2013

Objectives: To evaluate accuracy of FDG-PET CT in prediction of persistent disease in head and neck cancer cases and to determine prognostic value of metabolic tumor response. Materials and Methods: Between 2009 and 2011, 46 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck receiving PET-CT were treated with definitive radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. There were 29 nasopharyngeal, 11 hypopharyngeal, 3 oropharyngeal and 3 laryngeal cancer patients, with a median age of 50.5 years (range 16-84), 32 males and 14 females. All patients were evaluated with PET-CT median 3-5 months (2.4-9.4) after completion of radiotherapy. Results: After a median 20 months of follow up, complete metabolic response was observed in 63% of patients. Suspicious residual uptake was present in 10.9% and residual metabolic uptake in 26.0% of patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FDG-PET-CT for detection of residual disease was 91% and 81%, 64% and 96% respectively. Two year LRC was 95% in complete responders while it was 34% in non-complete responders. Conclusions: FDG PET CT is a valuable tool for assessment of treatment response, especially in patients at high risk of local recurrence, and also as an indicator of prognosis. Definitely more precise criteria are required for assessment of response, there being no clear cut uptake value indicating residual disease. Futhermore, repair processes of normal tissue may consume glucose which appear as increased uptake in control FDG PET CT.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2959-2962
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics, patterns of recurrence and survival outcomes in patients with uterine carcinosarcomas treated in our institution. Materials and Methods: Records of 26 patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2011 with uterine carcinosarcoma were retrospectively evaluated for demographic features, tumor characteristics, treatment regimens and patient outcomes in terms of DFS and OS Results: Median age was 61 (range 43-78). 10 patients (38%) had stage I disease at diagnosis, 3 (12%) had stage II, 4 (15%) had stage III and 9 (35%) had stage IV. Sixteen patients (62%) received chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin for 6 cycles. One patient underwent radiotherapy. Median follow up was 17 months. Sixteen patients relapsed and 13 died during follow up. Considering recurrence, 5 out of 16 patients had lung metastases, one had brain metastases and 9 had only intraabdominal recurrence. The 3 year DFS was 37% and the 3 year OS was 30%. Conclusions: Our data show that uterine carcinosarcomas tend to be at advanced stage at diagnosis and despite the use of chemotherapy, overall prognosis is poor. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. More effective adjuvant strategies are needed to reduce relapse and death rates.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the effect between Fructus Immaturus Ponciri (FIP, the immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata) and Fructus Ponciri (FP, the ripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata) on mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reactions. Methods : We performed anaphylactic reaction, histamine release, cAMP, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgE. Results : The aqueous extract of FIP dose-dependently inhibited systemic and local allergic reaction was induced by compound 48/80 or anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE in a murine model. FIP also significantly inhibited mast cell-dependent ear swelling response induced by topical application of compound 48/80. When mice were orally pretreated with FIP, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. FIP dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) was activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cAMP in RPMCs, when FIP was added, increased compared with that of a normal or control. In addition, FIP had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-a ($TNF-{\alpha}$) production from the RPMCs and IgE produced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine whole spleen cells or U266B1 as human IgE-bearing B cells. However, FP showed the lower inhibition rate than those of FIP in above all allergic reactions. Conclusion : These data have important implications for our understanding of the clinical effects of FIP and FP on allergic diseases, and FIP is more effective than FP on the allergic reaction.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1990

1964년부터 1984년까지 원자력병원 치료방사선과에서 비인강암으로 근치적 목적의 방사선치료를 받은 154명의 환자에 대한 임상적 특성과 치료결과를 분석하였다. 생존자의 최소추적기간은 3년이었다. 환자의 $13\%$가 $T_4$의 원발병소를 가졌고, $65\%$가 AJCC병기 제 4 기였다. 병소부위의 총방사선량은 82명에서 $1550\~1750$ret였고, 72명에서 1750ret이상이었다. 국소적 완전관해율은 $79\%$이었다. 유의한 예후인자로는 방사선량(1750ret이상 또는 이하), 나이 (30세이하 또는 이상), 병기 (AJCC 제 $1\~3$기 또는 제 4기), 원발병 소정도 ($T_1$ 또는 $T_2\~T_4$병기), 경부임파절유무 (NO 또는 $N^+$)이었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 1987

With the introduction of X-rays of higher energy that have higher penetrability, it has become possible to treat the deep-seated tumor with increased local control rate. But at the same time it has incrased the damage to the deep seated organs, especially to the lung which is known to be the less radiotolerable tissue in the body. This study analyses the 66 patients who were exposed to the irradiation of the lung, and examines the development of radiation pneumonitis and its related factors. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1, The 66 patients were consisted of 40 cases of lung cancer, 15 cases of breast cancer and 11 cases of mediastinal tumors. There were 37 males and 29 females with the male to female ratio 1.3: 1. A male to female ratio in the lung cancer was 3: 1. 2. Among 66 patients, 26 patients $(39\%)$ developed the radiographical changes of acute radiation pneumonitis and 13 out of 26 patients $(50\%)$ showed the clinical features of acute radiation pneumonitis. 3. The onest of acute radiation pneumonitis ranged from 10 days to 6 months after the completion of radiotherapy. 4. There was a statistically significant close relationship between the development of radiation pneumonitis and the radiation dose. 5. As the irradiated lung volume increased, the development of radiation pneumonitis increased. But the statistical significance was not strong. 6. The increased incidence of radiation pneumonitis was observed when the chemotherapy was given before or concomittantly with radiotherapy. 7 There was no significant correlation between the development of radiation pneumonitis and the age, smoking and the presence of underlying lung disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.771-779
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• 2022

Background: As a kind of common complication of the surgery of perianal diseases, perianal ulcer is known as a nuisance. This study aims to develop a kind of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3)-loaded hydrogel to treat perianal ulcers in a rat model. Methods: The copolymers PLGA₁₆₀₀-PEG₁₀₀₀-PLGA₁₆₀₀ were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization process and Rg3-loaded hydrogel was then developed. The perianal ulcer rat model was established to analyze the treatment efficacy of Rg3-loaded hydrogel for ulceration healing for 15 days. The animals were divided into control group, hydrogel group, free Rg3 group, Rg3-loaded hydrogel group, and Lidocaine Gel® group. The residual wound area rate was calculated and the blood concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's Trichrome (MT) staining, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Ki-67, CD31, ERK1/2, and NF-κB immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results: The biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogel carries a homogenous interactive porous structure with 10 ㎛ pore size and five weeks in vivo degradation time. The loaded Rg3 can be released sustainably. The in vitro cytotoxicity study showed that the hydrogel had no effect on survival rate of murine skin fibroblasts L929. The Rg3-loaded hydrogel can facilitate perianal ulcer healing by inhibiting local and systematic inflammatory responses, swelling the proliferation of nuclear cells, collagen deposition, and vascularization, and activating ERK signal pathway. Conclusion: The Rg3-loaded hydrogel shows the best treatment efficacy of perianal ulcer and may be a candidate for perianal ulcer treatment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2011

목 적: 국소적으로 진행된 식도암에서 동시항암화학요법 후 국소제어, 생존율, 예후인자 및 실패양상에 대해 알아 보고자하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 6월부터 2008년 8월까지 계명대학교 동산의료원에서 국소적으로 진행된 식도암으로 진단받은 후, 근치적 목적의 동시항암화학방사선치료를 시행 받은 50명 중 추적검사가 이루어지지 않은 2명과 적절한 추적검사가 이루어지지 않아 치료의 효과를 판정할 수 없는 5명은 제외한 43명을 대상으로 하였다. 성별 구성은 남성 39명, 여성 4명이었고 연령분포는 43세에서 78세(중앙값, 63세), TNM 병기는 IIA기 7명(16.3%), III기 36명(83.7%)이었다. 방사선치료는 1.8 Gy씩 1일 1회, 주 5회로 방사선을 46~63 Gy(평균, 54 Gy)의 외부방사선을 조사하였다. 선행 항암화학요법을 시행 받은 환자는 8명이었고 동시항암화학치료는 주로 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin을 3회 사용하였다. 추적관찰 기간은 2개월에서 82개월로 중앙값이 15.5개월이었다. 결 과: 전체환자 43명 중에서 완전 관해는 9명(20.9%), 부분 관해는 23명(53.5%), 무반응 9명(20.9%), 진행이 2명(4.7%)이었다. 전체 환자의 중앙생존기간은 15개월이었고, 2년 및 5년 전체생존율은 36.5%, 17.3%이었으며, 2년 및 5년 무병생존율은 각각 32.4%, 16%였다. 43영의 환자 중에서 22명 (51.2%)에서 치료 실패를 보였고, 치료 실패 양상으로는 국소 재발 및 진행이 18명(41.9%), 원격전이가 4명(9.3%)이었다. 전체생존율 및 무병생존율에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대한 단변량분석상 항암화학방사선치료 시의 혈색소 수치 (${\geq}$12 vs. <12, p=0.02/p=0.1)와 치료에 대한 반응 여부(완전관해 및 부분관해 vs. 무반응 및 병의 진행, p=0.002/p<0.0001)가 통계적으로 유의한 인자였다. 다변량분석에서는 치료에 대한 반응 여부만이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 환자의 나이, 성별, 병기, 흡연의 과거력, 식도 내 종양의 위치 및 선행항암화학요법의 유무에 따른 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론: 국소적으로 진행된 식도암의 동시 항암화학방사선치료 후 생존율은 다른 연구들과 유사한 수준이며 주된 재발 양상은 국소 재발이었다. 그러므로. 국소제어율을 향상시키기 위한 추가적인 연구가 향후 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5773-5777
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• 2015

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is thought to develop from precancerous dysplastic lesions through multistep processes of carcinogenesis involving activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2/neu [erbB-2]), a cell membrane glycoprotein, is a growth factor receptor that has receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Her2/neu activation plays a central role in cell proliferation and survival. It has been shown that overexpression of Her2/neu increases the rate of cell division and growth, leading to precancerous changes. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum and salivary Her2/neu levels between cases with premalignant and malignant oral lesions. Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples and unstimulated saliva by passive drooling were collected from three groups of healthy control (n=20), premalignant disorder (PMD) (n=20) and OSCC (n=25) subjects. The HER2 extracellular domain (HER2 ECD) levels were measured using ELISA. Results: The levels of serum Her2/neu showed no significant differences between any of the groups but on the other hand salivary Her2/neu levels were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared between control (median 68.7 pg/ml, range: 21.5 - 75.8) and OSCC (median 145.6 pg/ml, range: 45.1-191.1). A similar trend was observed when comparing between PMD (median 43.3, range: 22.1 -94.7) and OSCC with a statistical significance of p<0.05. Conclusions: Our study provided evidence of increased salivary Her2/neu in OSCC when compared to PMD and control which was not the case for serum levels. This suggests that probably Her2/neu is not highly amplified as in breast cancer so as to be reflected in serum. Since saliva is in local vicinity of the OSCC, even a mild increase might be mirrored. On the whole, this study proposes Her2/neu as marker for distinguishing premalignant and malignant conditions.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.99-102
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and/or whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for the treatment of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) metastasis to the brain. Methods : From 2000 to 2010, 50 patients underwent GKRS for metastatic brain lesions originating from SCLC. Among these patients, 11 received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) before the development of metastatic lesions (PCI group), and GKRS was performed as an initial treatment for newly diagnosed lesions in 12 patients who had not received PCI (primary GKRS group). In addition, GKRS was performed as a salvage treatment for progressive lesions after WBRT in 27 patients (salvage GKRS group). The medical records and imaging data of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results : The overall survival of the 50 patients was 20.8 months (range 1-53) after the diagnosis of primary tumor and 12.0 months (range 1-47) after the development of cerebral metastasis. Median survival after GKRS was 4.8 months (range 1-15) in the PCI group, 4.6 months (range 0-18) in the primary GKRS group, and 7.6 months (range 0-33) in the salvage GKRS group. Further treatment for progressive lesions after GKRS was necessary in 15 patients, after a mean interval of 3.8 months. Causes of death were systemic organ failure in 15 patients, deterioration of neurological state in 13 patients, and unknown or combined causes in 16 patients. The local control rate of the lesions treated with GKRS was 76.4% (decreased in 13 patients and stable in 16 patients at the final imaging follow-up (mean 5.60 months). Conclusion : GKRS is an effective local treatment for brain metastasis from SCLC both as an initial treatment for newly diagnosed lesions after PCI and as a salvage treatment for recurrent or progressive lesions. However, the survival benefit is not significant because most patients die of systemic multi-organ failure with a short life expectancy.