• Title/Summary/Keyword: Local terrain model

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Wind tunnel modeling of flow over mountainous valley terrain

  • Li, C.G.;Chen, Z.Q.;Zhang, Z.T.;Cheung, J.C.K.
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.275-292
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    • 2010
  • Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to investigate the wind characteristics in the mountainous valley terrain with 4 simplified valley models and a 1:500 scale model of an existing valley terrain in the simulated atmospheric neutral boundary layer model. Measurements were focused on the mean wind flow and longitudinal turbulence intensity. The relationship between hillside slopes and the velocity speed-up effect were studied. By comparing the preliminary results obtained from the simplified valley model tests and the existing terrain model test, some fundamental information was obtained. The measured results indicate that it is inappropriate to describe the mean wind velocity profiles by a power law using the same roughness exponent along the span wise direction in the mountainous valley terrain. The speed-up effect and the significant change in wind direction of the mean flow were observed, which provide the information necessary for determining the design wind speed such as for a long-span bridge across the valley. The longitudinal turbulence intensity near the ground level is reduced due to the speed-up effect of the valley terrain. However, the local topographic features of a more complicated valley terrain may cause significant perturbation to the general wind field characteristics in the valley.

A Numerical Experiments on the Atmospheric Circulation over a Complex terrain around Coastal Area. Part I : A Verification of Proprietyh of Local Circulation Model Using the Linear Theory (연안부근 복잡지형의 대기유동장 수치실험 I -선형이론을 이용한 국지순환모형의 타당성 검토-)

  • 이화운;김유근;정우식
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.555-558
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    • 1999
  • A sea/land breeze circulation system and a regional scale circulation system are formed at a region which has complex terrain around coastal area and affect to the dispersion and advection of air pollutants. Therefore, it is important that atmospheric circulation model should be well designed for the simulation of regional dispersion of air pollutants. For this, Local Circulation Model, LCM which has an ability of high resolution is used. To verify the propriety of a LCM, we compared the simulation result of LCM with an exact solution of a linear theory over a simple topography. Since they presented almost the same value and pattern of a vertical velocity at the level of 1 km, we had a reliance of a LCM. For the prediction of dispersion and advection of air pollutants, the wind filed should be calculated with high accuracy. A numerical simulation using LCM will provide more accurate results over a complex terrain around coastal area.

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A Study on Modification of Geographical Features Affecting Onset of Sea Breeze (지형적 특징이 해풍시작에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구)

  • 정우식;이화운
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.757-772
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    • 2003
  • We simulate the geographical effects on the onset time of sea breeze at Suyoung and Haeundae districts by using the LCM (Local Circulation Model). The following can be found out from the numerical simulation on Case I (real terrain) which considered the real geography of Busan metropolitan area. Especially, as a result of analyzing the land breeze path, it could be found along the coastline as it flows out through low land coastal area. To find out more about the effects of terrain and geography on the onset time of sea breeze, the results of numerical simulation of virtual geography are as follows. In Case II (flat terrain), to find out how the terrain slope affects the onset of sea breeze, flat land and the ocean was considered. As a result, convergence of nighttime air mass at a Suyoung area and nighttime strong wind speed phenomenon was not shown. In Case III (modified flat terrain), to find out the effects of the irregularity of coastline affecting the onset of sea breeze, numerical simulation was carried out by simplifying the complex coastline into segments of straight coastline. So land breeze system and changing process of sea breeze after sunrise at Suyoung and Haeundae was simulated almost in a similar manner. Through this we could find the effects of coastal irregularities on onset of sea breeze.

Wind Tunnel Experiments for Studying Atmospheric Dispersion in the Complex Terrain II. Gaussian Modeling of Experiments in a Moutainous Area (복잡한 지형내 오염물질의 대기확산 풍동실험 I I. 산지지형 실험의 Gaussian 모델링)

  • 김영성;경남호
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.145-152
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    • 1995
  • Predictability of a Gaussian model, ISCST2 was assessed by scaling up wind tunnel experiments with a 1/3,000 terrain model to the real scale. Concentration profiles obtained from the flat-terrain experiment in the neutral condition were estimated to be in agreement with the calculated ones from ISCST2 in the stability class A, but the difference between the two was still large. Concentration profiles from the mountainous-terrain experiments were better fitted to the calculated ones primarily because in the experiment, concentration behind the source was raised due to the effect of a hill in the upstream side. Model prediction was improved with including the downwash effect of buildings and the hill, but overall concentration profiles were not much different from a typical Gaussian profile. While concentration profiles in the experiments were changed with local flows by varying the wind direction and the topography, those from the Gaussian modeling were mot freely changed together with these variations.

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Normalized Digital Surface Model Extraction and Slope Parameter Determination through Region Growing of UAV Data (무인항공기 데이터의 영역 확장법 적용을 통한 정규수치표면모델 추출 및 경사도 파라미터 설정)

  • Yeom, Junho;Lee, Wonhee;Kim, Taeheon;Han, Youkyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.499-506
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    • 2019
  • NDSM (Normalized Digital Surface Model) is key information for the detailed analysis of remote sensing data. Although NDSM can be simply obtained by subtracting a DTM (Digital Terrain Model) from a DSM (Digital Surface Model), in case of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) data, it is difficult to get an accurate DTM due to high resolution characteristics of UAV data containing a large number of complex objects on the ground such as vegetation and urban structures. In this study, RGB-based UAV vegetation index, ExG (Excess Green) was used to extract initial seed points having low ExG values for region growing such that a DTM can be generated cost-effectively based on high resolution UAV data. For this process, local window analysis was applied to resolve the problem of erroneous seed point extraction from local low ExG points. Using the DSM values of seed points, region growing was applied to merge neighboring terrain pixels. Slope criteria were adopted for the region growing process and the seed points were determined as terrain points in case the size of segments is larger than 0.25 ㎡. Various slope criteria were tested to derive the optimized value for UAV data-based NDSM generation. Finally, the extracted terrain points were evaluated and interpolation was performed using the terrain points to generate an NDSM. The proposed method was applied to agricultural area in order to extract the above ground heights of crops and check feasibility of agricultural monitoring.

Evaluation and Improvement of the KMAPP Surface Wind Speed Prediction over Complex Terrain Areas (복잡 지형 지역에서의 KMAPP 지상 풍속 예측 성능 평가와 개선)

  • Keum, Wang-Ho;Lee, Sang-Hyun;Lee, Doo-Il;Lee, Sang-Sam;Kim, Yeon-Hee
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.85-100
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    • 2021
  • The necessity of accurate high-resolution meteorological forecasts becomes increasing in socio-economical applications and disaster risk management. The Korea Meteorological Administration Post-Processing (KMAPP) system has been operated to provide high-resolution meteorological forecasts of 100 m over the South Korea region. This study evaluates and improves the KMAPP performance in simulating wind speeds over complex terrain areas using the ICE-POP 2018 field campaign measurements. The mountainous measurements give a unique opportunity to evaluate the operational wind speed forecasts over the complex terrain area. The one-month wintertime forecasts revealed that the operational Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS) has systematic errors over the complex mountainous area, especially in deep valley areas, due to the orographic smoothing effect. The KMAPP reproduced the orographic height variation over the complex terrain area but failed to reduce the wind speed forecast errors of the LDAPS model. It even showed unreasonable values (~0.1 m s-1) for deep valley sites due to topographic overcorrection. The model's static parameters have been revised and applied to the KMAPP-Wind system, developed newly in this study, to represent the local topographic characteristics better over the region. Besides, sensitivity tests were conducted to investigate the effects of the model's physical correction methods. The KMAPP-Wind system showed better performance in predicting near-surface wind speed during the ICE-POP period than the original KMAPP version, reducing the forecast error by 21.2%. It suggests that a realistic representation of the topographic parameters is a prerequisite for the physical downscaling of near-ground wind speed over complex terrain areas.

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE WIND EFFECTS OF MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN FOR THE SKI RESORT (스키장의 풍환경 개선을 위한 수치해석 연구)

  • Jung, Jae-Hyuk;Hur, Nahm-Keon
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.05a
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    • pp.493-495
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    • 2010
  • A three-dimensional flow simulation is performed to investigate the flow field in the ski resort on complex terrain. The present paper aims to study the wind effects of mountainous terrain on the gondola safety. Strong wind happens in the ski resort on the mountain by complex terrain and it causes the dangerous accident of gondola. A digital map around the ski resort area is used to model the actual complex terrain for a 3-D analysis domain. Wind direction and speed to be used as a boundary condition are taken from local meteorological reports. The numerical results show details of the velocity distribution around a ski resort. From the results, we can suggest the modification of the installation of gondola for the safety due to strong wind.

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Experimental and Computational Investigation of Wind Flow Field on a Span Roof Structure

  • K B Rajasekarababu;G Vinayagamurthy;Ajay Kumar T M;Selvirajan S
    • International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.287-300
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    • 2022
  • Unconventional structures are getting more popular in recent days. Large-span roofs are used for many structures, such as airports, stadiums, and conventional halls. Identifying the pressure distribution and wind load acting on those structures is essential. This paper offers a collaborative study of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and wind tunnel tests for assessing wind pressure distribution for a building with a combined slender curved roof. The hybrid turbulence model, Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES), simulates the open terrain turbulent flow field. The wind-induced local pressure coefficients on complex roof structures and the turbulent flow field around the structure were thus calculated based upon open terrain wind flow simulated with the FLUENT software. Local pressure measurements were investigated in a boundary layer wind tunnel simultaneous to the simulation to determine the pressure coefficient distributions. The results predicted by CFD were found to be consistent with the wind tunnel test results. The comparative study validated that the recommended IDDES model and the vortex method associated with CFD simulation are suitable tools for structural engineers to evaluate wind effects on long-span complex roofs and plan irregular buildings during the design stage.

Effective Application of Digital Photogrammetry using Local Terrain Model (국부지형모형을 이용한 수치사진측량의 효율적 적용)

  • 박운용;김정희;문두열;정공운
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.199-204
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    • 2003
  • Digital high resolution cameras are widely available, and are increasingly use in digital close-range photogrammetry. And photogrammetry instruments are developing rapidly and the precision is improving continuously, The building of 3D terrains of high precision are possible and the calculation of the areas or the earthwork volumes have high precision due to the development of the technique of the spatial information system using computer, In this study, using the digital camera which has capacity of keeping numerical value by itself and easy carrying, we analyze the positioning error according to various change of photographing condition. Also we t]v to find a effective method of acquiring basis data for 3D monitoring of high-accuracy in pixel degree through digital close-range photogrammetry with bundle adjustment for local terrain model generation and earthwork volume.

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