• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2009

Anatomy: Facet joint syndrome most often affects the lower back and neck and refers to pain that occurs in the facet joints, which are the connections between the vertebrae in the spine that enable the spine to bend and twist. Many physicians have believed that the usual lesion of facet syndrome was an anatomical impairments of facet joint itself.. Facet joint injection using local anesthetics is a reliable method for the diagnosis and treatment for facet syndrome. Etiology: One of many possible causes is imbalances that can occur in stress levels, hormone levels, and nutritional levels. These imbalances can adversely affect posture, which can lead to neck and back pain. The common disorder called facet syndrome exhibits lower back pain, with or without, radiating pain to buttock and thigh due to facet joint arthropathy. Pain in the facet joint is supposedly the secondary effect of narrowing of joint space by sustained muscle contracture around joints. Syndrome: Facet joint syndrome tends to produce pain or tenderness in the lower back that increases with twisting or arching the body, as well as pain that moves to the buttocks or the back of the thighs. Other symptoms include stiffness or difficulty standing up straight or getting out of a chair. Pain can be felt in other areas such as the shoulders or mid-back area. Treatment: Non-drug treatments include hot packs, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and therapeutic exercises. Stimulating blood flow using massage or a hot tub may also help. Alternative treatments include yoga and relaxation therapy. If your pain persists after trying these treatments, a surgical procedure called radiofrequency rhizotomy, which destroys the sensory nerves of the joint, may bring relief. Facet joint injection has been helpful in diagnosis and therapy for this facet syndrome. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation of medial branches is known to be an effective method of relieving pain caused by facet joint problems. We conclude that spasmolytic treatment of muscles connecting the two vertebral articular space would be better for treatment and diagnosis of facet syndrome rather than facet block with local anesthetic and steroid only.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2022

Background: Bird dog exercise (BDE) is one of the lumbar stabilization exercises that rehabilitate low back pain by co-contraction of the local and global muscles. Previous studies have reported the effect of various type of BDEs (for example, practicing the exercises on various surfaces and changing the limb movement) for muscle co-contraction. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of knee joint flexion position of the raised lower limb on abdominal and back muscle activity during BDE in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: Thirteen males participated in this study (age: 32.54 ± 4.48 years, height: 177.38 ± 7.17 cm). Surface electromyographic (SEMG) data of the internal abdominal oblique (IO), external abdominal oblique (EO), lumbar multifidus (MF), and thoracic part of the iliocostalis lumborum (ICLT) were collected in two knee joint flexion positions (90° flexion versus 0° flexion) during BDE. The SEMG data were expressed as a percentage of root mean square mean values obtained in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results: Greater muscle activity of the IO (p = 0.001), MF (p = 0.009), and ICLT (p = 0.021) of the raised lower limb side and the EO (p = 0.001) and MF (p = 0.009) of the contralateral side were demonstrated in the knee joint flexion position compared to the knee joint extension position. Greater local/global activity ratios of the abdominal muscle (i.e., IO and EO) of the raised lower limb (p = 0.002) and the back muscle (i.e., MF and ICLT) of the contralateral side (p = 0.028) were also noted in the knee joint flexion position. Conclusion: BDE with a knee joint flexion position might be recommended as an alternative lumbar stabilization exercise to enhance muscle activity in both the raised lower limb and the contralateral sides of the trunk for individuals with CLBP.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 여성 노인들을 대상으로 낙상자와 비낙상자 간 보행 시 하지의 국부적 안정성과 근 활동 양상을 후향성 접근을 통해 규명하고자 했다. 이를 위해 보행 시 낙상 경험이 있는 20명과 낙상 경험이 없는 20명이 선정되었다. 트레이드밀 보행 시 3차원 운동 캡쳐 시스템과 무선 근전도 장비를 이용해 운동학적 좌표와 근전도 신호를 수집했다. 운동좌표를 이용해 무릎과 발목 관절의 3차원 각 변위를 산출했으며, 이들의 국부적 안정성을 Lyapunov 지수를 통해 계산했다. 근 활성도는 근전도 신호를 이용해 대퇴직근과 대퇴이두근, 전경골근과 비복근을 살펴봤으며, 또한 이들의 동시 수축 지수를 정량화했다. 연구 결과 무릎 관절의 내·외전 움직임의 국부적 불안정성은 비낙상자 집단이 낙상자 집단보다 컸으며(p<.05), 전경골근의 근활성도는 낙상자 집단이 비낙상자 집단보다 적게 나타났다(p<.05). 또한 비복근과 전경골근의 동시 수축 지수는 낙상자 집단이 비낙상자 집단보다 컸다(p<.05). 그 밖에 낙상자 집단에서 비복근과 전경골근의 동시 수축 지수와 발목 관절의 굴신 움직임에 대한 국부적 안정성과는 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p<.05). 따라서 보행 시 낙상을 예방하기 위해서는 무릎 관절의 내·외전 움직임에 관여하는 근들을 강화하고, 발목 관절의 굴신에 작용하는 비복근과 전경골근을 균형적으로 강화할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 1988

The author studied maximum clenching EMG activities of temporalis anterior and masseter muscle during canine guidance and centric occlusion. It was performed before and after anesthesia of maxillary and mandibular canines. The 22 normal subjects (15 males and 7 females) who had healthy maxillary and mandibular canines were selected. Their occlusal contact scheme was canine guidance during movement and they did not have temporomandibular disorder. The results were as follows : 1. The maximum clenching EMG activities of temporalis anterior and masseter muscle during guidance were less than those during centric occlusion. 2. After left maxillary and mandibular canines were anesthetized with 2% lidocanine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, the maximum clenching EMG acivities of temporalis anterior and masseter muscle during left canine guidance were greater than those before anesthesia of left maxillary and mandibular canines(p<0.01) 3. The maximum clenching EMG activities of temporalis anterior and masseter muscle during right guidance were not significantly different between before and after anesthesia of left maxillary and mandibular canines(p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.362-366
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• 2001

Leiomyosarcoma(LMS) is a malignant tumor from smooth muscle origin that arises most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract and uterus, but rarely in the oral and maxillofacial area which lacks smooth muscles. 63 cases of oral LMS have been reported, especially LMS that occurred in the mandibular gingiva is only 2 cases. Major symptom of oral LMS is painful or painless swelling. Besides it, oral LMS has no specific characteristics. So it is difficult to diagnose the case as LMS of the oral cavity. Certain cases report that LMS of the oral cavity was misdiagnosed as periodontitis and the patients were treated with unnecessary procedures. Conventional treatment of LMS is the radical surgical excision. LMS that is infiltrative and very malignant has poor prognosis despite of well-circumscribed boundary. LMS of the oral cavity is often recurred, has high rate of distant metastasis and 5-year-survival rate is as low as 23%. This article reports LMS of the mandibular gingiva that treated with surgical intervention, had local recurrence and metastasis to the lymph node after 16-month's follow-up examination.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2014

인체에서 가장 큰 기관인 골격근은 통증과 기능장애를 초래할 수 있는데, 통증 유발점이라는 특징적인 병변을 가지는 근막 통증 증후군이 골격근의 가장 흔한 병적 상황 중의 하나이다. 통증 유발점은 골격근 내의 taut band라고 불리는 띠안에 존재하는 과민한 통증성 국소 병변으로 국소 통증 뿐만 아니라 연관통 및 만성적인 관절운동 제한과도 동반된다. 다양한 치료법들이 시도되었으나 통증 유발점 주사법이 가장 효율적인 치료법으로 사용되고 있으며 이 종설에서는 근막 통증 증후군의 일반적 병인과 통증 유발 주사의 방법에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.802-806
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• 1991

Primary neoplasms of the ribs and sternum are rare. Most primary bony chest wall neoplasms are malignant, and chondrosarcoma is the most common malignancy in this location The etiology of chondrosarcoma is unknown. Definitive diagnosis of chondrosarcoma can only be made pathologically. The natural history of chest wall chondrosarcoma is one of slow growth and local recurrence. Most tumors of the sternum require wide resection and reconstruction procedures, with potentially serious postoperative problems. Advances in chest wall reconstruction primarily through refinement in muscle transposition and clarification of the functional anatomy and blood supply of trunk muscles, has resulted in a more aggressive resection of the these tumors . Recently we experienced a case with chondrosarcoma of the sternum. A 56 year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to painless, slowly enlarging mass at the left sternoclavicular junctional area. The chest radiograph strongly suggested an underlying cartilaginous neoplasm owing to the appearance of typical flocculent and curvilinear calcifications within the lesion. On CT of the chest, the tumor exhibited a scalloped or lobulated contour, hypodensity of the nonmineralized component in comparison to adjacent muscle, and characteristic stippled cartilaginous matrix mineralization, also typical for cartilaginous neoplasm. The patient underwent wide resection of the chest wall tumor include with a 2-3cm margin of normal tissue on all sides and the thoracic skeletal defect was reconstructed with polytetrafluoroethylene [Gore-Tex] soft-tissue patch. Soft tissue reconstructive procedure was done with the pectoralis major muscle transposition. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and discharged without adjuvant treatment such as radiation and chemotherapy.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2012

This paper describes the effects of thermally oxidized tallow on the serum lipids profile and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of the lipids extracted from the different tissues of the rabbits. Tallow was thermally oxidized at $130^{\circ}C$ for 9, 18, 27, 36 and 45 h respectively. Thermally oxidized tallow was fed to the local strain of Himalayan rabbits for one week. Results show that oxidation increases the formation of hydroperoxides and decrease the level of radical scavenging activity of the tallow. The rabbit serum lipids profile showed a dose dependent increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. However, no statistically significant increase was observed in the HDL-cholesterol with an increase of oxidation time. Serum glucose and rabbits body weight decrease significantly (p < 0.05) and was highly correlated with the serum lipids profile. The percent RSA of the lipids extracted from the liver, brain and muscles tissues showed a significant decrease with respect to 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/body weight as well as oxidation time. Data suggests that thermal oxidation and use of thermally oxidized beef tallow is harmful and therefore an alternative way of cooking should be used.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2009

Cutaneous leiomyomas (leiomyosarcomas) are smooth muscle tumors that occur single or as multiple lesions. They usually arise from the arrector pili muscles (piloleiomyomas) and less commonly from the muscle of veins (angioleiomyomas). This report describes histologic and immunohistochemical features of one cutaneous piloleiomyoma and two angioleiomyosarcomas. Three 7-12-year-old female dogs were presented with single or double cutaneous nodules. Histologically, the neoplastic masses were composed of densely or loosely arranged interlacing bundles. The neoplastic cells were ovoid to elongate, and had eosinophilic cytoplasms and perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolation. Nuclei were central to eccentric, cigar shaped, oval to elongate. In two cases, high mitotic index in high power field, multifocal necrosis and local invasion were also noted. Masson's trichrome and van Gieson staining revealed muscle origin tumors in these cases. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for smooth muscle actin. In our best knowledge, this is the first report of cutaneous smooth muscle tumors in dogs in Korea.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2017

Fractures and fracture-dislocations of the ankle are caused by a variety of mechanisms. In addition to fractures, injuries of soft tissue, such as ligaments, tendons, nerves, and muscles may also occur. Among these, a tibialis posterior tendon injury is difficult to be identified due to swelling and pain at the fracture site. It is difficult to observe tibialis posterior tendon injury on a simple radiograph; it is usually found during surgery by accident. There are some studies regarding irreducible ankle fracture-dislocations due to interposition of the tibialis posterior tendon; however, to the best of our knowledge, there has not been any report about interposition of injured tibialis posterior tendon. Herein, we report a case of an irreducible fracture-dislocation of the ankle due to injured tibialis posterior tendon interposition that was observed intraoperatively, interrupting the reduction of ankle fracture-dislocation. We obtained satisfactory clinical result after reduction of the trapped tendon, fracture reduction, and internal fixation; therefore, we are willing to report this case with the consent of the patient. This study was conducted with an approval from the local Institutional Ethics Review Board.