• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1517-1526
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• 2018

Investigating bacterial diversity and its metabolic capabilities is crucial for interpreting the ecological patterns in a desert environment and assessing the presence of exploitable microbial resources. In this study, we evaluated the spatial heterogeneity of physicochemical parameters, soil bacterial diversity and metabolic adaptation at meter scale. Soil samples were collected from two quadrats of a desert (Thar Desert, India) with a hot, arid climate, very little rainfall and extreme temperatures. Analysis of physico-chemical parameters and subsequent variance analysis (p-values < 0.05) revealed that sulfate, potassium and magnesium ions were the most variable between the quadrats. Microbial diversity of the two quadrats was studied using Illumina bar-coded sequencing by targeting V3-V4 regions of 16S rDNA. As for the results, 702504 high-quality sequence reads, assigned to 173 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at species level, were examined. The most abundant phyla in both quadrats were Actinobacteria (38.72%), Proteobacteria (32.94%), and Acidobacteria (9.24%). At genus level, Gaiella represented highest prevalence, followed by Streptomyces, Solirubrobacter, Aciditerrimonas, Geminicoccus, Geodermatophilus, Microvirga, and Rubrobacter. Between the quadrats, significant difference (p-values < 0.05) was found in the abundance of Aciditerrimonas, Geodermatophilus, Geminicoccus, Ilumatobacter, Marmoricola, Nakamurella, and Solirubrobacter. Metabolic functional mapping revealed diverse biological activities, and was significantly correlated with physicochemical parameters. The results revealed spatial variation of ions, microbial abundance and functional attributes in the studied quadrats, and patchy nature in local scale. Interestingly, abundance of the biotechnologically important phylum Actinobacteria, with large proposition of unclassified species in the desert, suggested that this arid environment is a promising site for bioprospection.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2015

In recent years, meteorological disasters have frequently occurred in rural areas. As a result, there have been growing concerns over the protective measures needed. In order to avoid natural risks and damage, and to strengthen countermeasure to meteorological disasters, local governments needs to be prepared. Therefore, this paper seeks to prevent meteorological disasters through mapping of inundation vulnerability in agricultural land, Chungcheongnam-do. In doing so, this study were considered 5 variables (i.e. precipitation, region of altitude below 50m, region of slope gradient is below 10 degree, distance from river within less 50m) for creating vulnerability map. The precipitation was excluded in five variables. Since, the precipitation which include Daily maximum precipitation, 2-Daily maximum precipitation, summer precipitation was not any correlation among them. The results of analysing four variables, exclusive of precipitation, were showed that the agricultural lands where located in Dangjin, Buyeo, Hongseong and Asan were low correlation of inundation vulnerability by overlapping analysis. Moreover, The correlation analysis was showed low correlation between each factors and the annual average area of agricultural lands' inundation, whereas, the correlation analysis which was overlapping each factor showed high correlation. In conclusion, in order to create reliable vulnerability map in agricultural lands, Chungcheongnam-do, it must be considered to overlap analysis of the four main factors such region of altitude below 50m, region of slope gradient is below 10 degree, distance from river within less 50m. We suppose that this study's analysis can help to set the preparedness site of agricultural lands inundation.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-223
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• 2005

The industrial cluster policy of 21st century rise to the focus method of regional economic promotion, therefore, the importance of study in cluster identification and mapping as policy task will bring into relief. This paper will confirms the estimate index and policy of industrial clusters with regional industry. The result in this case study, Cluster development should embrace the pursuit of competitive advantage and specialization rather than simply imitate successful clusters in other locations. This requires building on local sources of uniqueness. Government should reinforce and building on existing and emerging clusters rather than attempt to create entirely new ones. This sort of role for government is very different from industrial policy. The aim of cluster policy is to reinforce the development of all clusters. Not all clusters will succeed, but market forces should determine the outcomes. In other words, government should build on market- oriented system and innovative infra. The result of this study is meaning to the development of objectivity estimate index and derivation of cluster-focused policy with a case study of industrial clusters.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2017

Over the last decade, deep studies of nearby galaxies have led to the discovery of vast stellar envelopes that are often rich in substructure. These components are naturally predicted in models of hierarchical galaxy assembly, and their observed properties place important constraints on the amount, nature, and history of satellite accretion. One of the most effective ways of mapping the peripheral regions of galaxies is through resolved star studies. Using wide-field cameras equipped to 8 m class telescopes, it has recently become possible to extend these studies to systems beyond the Local Group. Located at a distance of 3.6 Mpc, M81 is a prime target for wide-field mapping of its resolved stellar content. In this talk, we present the detailed results from our deep wide-field imaging survey of the M81 group with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC), on the Subaru Telescope. We report on the analysis of the structures, stellar populations, and metallicities of old dwarf galaxies such as NGC3077, IKN, KDG061, as well as young stellar systems such as Arp's Loop and Holmberg IX. Several candidates for yet-undiscovered faint dwarf galaxies and young stellar clumps in the M81 group will also be introduced. The peculiar galaxy NGC3077 has been classified as the irregular galaxy. Okamoto et al. (2015, ApJ 809, L1) discovered an extended halo structure with S-shape elongated tails, obvious feature of tidal interaction. With a help of numerical simulation by Penarrubia et al. (2009, ApJ 698, 222), we will demonstrate that this tidal feature was formed during the latest close encounters between M81, M82, and NGC 3077, which induced star formation in tidally stripped gas far from the main bodies of galaxies. It is not clear whether the latest tidal interaction was the first close encounters of three galaxies. If NGC3077 is still surrounded by the dark matter halo, it implies that NGC3077 has undergone the first tidal stripping by larger companions. Kinematic studies of inter galactic globular clusters and planetary nebulae would tell us the past history of tidal interaction in this group of galaxies.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.79-79
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• 2010

To investigate whether the present-day active galaxies follow the same black hole mass vs. stellar velocity dispersion (MBH-$\sigma*$) relation as quiescent galaxies, we measured the velocity dispersions of a sample of local Seyfert 1 galaxies, for which black hole masses were measured via reverberation mapping. We measured stellar velocity dispersions from high S/N optical spectra centered on the Ca II triplet region (${\sim}8500^{\circ}A$), obtained at the Keck, Palomar, and Lick Observatories. For two objects, in which the Ca II triplet region was contaminated by nuclear emission, we used high-quality H-band spectra obtained with the OH-Suppressing Infrared Imaging Spectrograph and laser-guide star adaptive optics at the Keck-II Telescope. Combining our new measurements with data from the literature, we assemble a sample of 24 active galaxies with stellar velocity dispersions and reverberation MBH in the range of black hole mass 106< MBH /$M{\odot}$ < 109,toobtainthefirstreverberationmappingconstraintsontheslopeandintrinsicscatteroftheMBH- $\sigma*$ relation of active galaxies. Assuming a constant virial coefficient f for the reverberation MBH, we find a slope ${\beta}=3.55{\pm}0.60$ and the intrinsic scatter ${\sigma}int=0.43{\pm}0.08$ dex in the relation log (MBH/M${\odot}$)=$\alpha+\beta$ log(${\sigma}*$/200 km s-1), which are consistent with those found for quiescent galaxies. We derive an updated value of the virial coefficient f by finding the value which places the reverberation masses in best agreement with the MBH - $\sigma*$ relation of quiescent galaxies; using the quiescent MBH - $\sigma*$ relation determined by Gultekin et al. we find log f=0.72+0.09 (or $0.71{\pm}0.10$) with an intrinsic scatter of $0.44{\pm}0.07$ (or 0.46+0.07) dex. No correlations between f and parameters connected to the physics of accretion (such as the Eddington ratio or line-shape measurements) are found. The uncertainty of the virial coefficient remains one of the main sources of the uncertainty in black hole mass determination using reverberation mapping, and therefore also in single-epoch spectroscopic estimates of black hole masses in active galaxies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.2331-2340
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a social-based collaboration systems for business process management in the mobile cloud. This XMDR-DAI is to provide services for data sharing and exchange between local systems that operate independently in a cloud environment, take charge of a social-based collaborative business process management. Social-based collaborative business processes are handled in a collision among a structure such as unit conversion, meaning conflict, and the schema mapping data resulting from the inner query. The conflict was resolved by mapping process which takes in each XMDR-DAI.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2005

The Brazos River is one of the longest rivers contained entirely in the state of Texas, flowing over 700 miles from northwest Texas to the Gulf of Mexico. Today, the Brazos River Authority and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality interest in drought protection plan, waterpower project, and allowing the appropriation of water system-wide and water right within the Brazos River Basin to meet water needs of customers like farmers and local civilians in the future. Especially, this purpose of this paper primarily intended to provide the data for the engineering guidelines and make easily geological mapping tool. In the Brazos River basin, many stream-flow gage station sites are not working, and they can not provide stream-flow data sets enough for development of the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) for use in the evaluation of proposed and existing dams and other impounding structures. Integrated GIS-Spatial Interpolation (GIS-SI) tool are composed of two parts; (1) extended GIS technique (new making interface for hydrological regionalization parameters plus classical GIS mapping skills), (2) Spatial Interpolation technique using weighting factors from kriging method. They are obtained from the relationship among location and elevation of geological watershed and existing stream-flow datasets. GIS-SI technique is easily used to compute parameters which get drainage areas, mean daily/monthly/annual precipitation, and weighted values. Also, they are independent variables of multiple linear regressions for simulation at un gaged stream-flow sites. In this study, GIS-SI technique is applied to the Brazos river basin in Texas. By assuming the ungaged flow at the sites of Palo Pinto, Bryan and Needville, the simulated daily/monthly/annual time series are compared with observed time series. The simulated daily/monthly/annual time series are highly correlated with and well fitted to the observed times series.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.331-345
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• 2009

This study aims to standardize the work classification system in spatial data. Up to now, a systematic standard for constructing process and quality management has not yet been established in Korea, thus, it is possible for the national budget to be wasted. The regulations related to constructing spatial data are also obscure, and absurd for feasible application to reality, which results in a lack of reliability of the quality of spatial data. This study was conducted by investigating and analyzing regulations related to spatial data quality and various literature, including studies on spatial data quality conducted by the NGII. And also, the study was conducted by investigating and analyzing the constructing processes and working methods of major firms that have experience in constructing a GIS for a local governing body. Based on the analyzed data, we standardized work classification and management methodology for control point surveying using GPS, leveling, aerial photographing, digital mapping, topographic mapping, digital elevation modeling, aerial photographic DB construction, digital orthophotomap.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.428-439
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• 2010

Map of geographical names can give us information for understanding of region because geographical name reflects regional perception of human. This study aimed to make an web-based map by constructing database of geographical names. Main contents carried out research on methods for classification of geographical names, database construction, and mapping on the website. Geographical name classified into four categories of the physical geography, culture and historical geography, economic geography, and the other and also, 18 sub-categories by classification criteria. Geographical name designed to input by collecting geographical names from paper-based maps and vernacular place names only known to the local region. Fields of database consisted of address, coordinates, geographical name(hangeul, hanja), classification, explanation, photographs. Map of geographical names can be represented with regional geographical information. The result of research is expected to offer information for distribution of geographical names as well as regional interpretation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to help out the settlement of the Green Map in Korea, and to suggest how to map, and help community people and environmental planner systematically take care of their own towns. This study is also to introduce the green mapping and its usefulness, based on the Green Map Movement, which originated from Net York City and has been expanding through the World. Environmental elements shown on the Green map vary between countries and for the Seocho-Gu Green Map, we have decided to indicate the places that we are proud of, and dishonored of. Especially, this paper is focused on finding the hidden environmental resources in our daily lives. Seocho-Gu, one of 25 self-governmental resources. Since the citizens and government officials are open-minded in their environments, it is a suitable area to start the first Green Map in Korea. As a method of locating the environmental resources, the "Foot Sensing Method" by which residents directly research, is the main difference from typical maps by the "Remote Sensing" which focused on the variety participation of the residents such as questionnaires, investigation with youth volunteers, users interviews which may be more meaningful than the Green Map itself. The purpose of application plan is to preserve the environmental resources through the smooth feedback with the residents. Thus, it must be acted as a opening window linking them with the local circumstances. In line with this, this study proposed the trial-version Web Green Map and Green tour plan. Recently, a need for an environmental map has been reflected in the environmental policies of Seoul Metropolitan City, and it is in place now. If environmental experts of different disciplines use the Green Map for landscape architecture, design, and city planning, it will help them make a better understanding of the needs of the community and to practice the user-centered design. Eventually, the Seocho-Gu Green Map will help its residents, tourists, government, and environmental planners continue establishing the healthy city environments. It is expected that the green map will be employed as a useful method for establishing healthy city and town through right way of use and contents.of use and contents.