• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7395-7400
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• 2013

Objective: The long-term efficacy of microwave hyperthermia combined with chemoradiotherapy in treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with metastatic foci in cervical lymph nodes was evaluated. Methods: A total of 154 cases of N2 or N3 stage NPC were randomized into two groups: hyperthermia group (76 cases) and control group (78 cases). Both received cisplatin chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition, the hyperthermia group further received microwave hyperthermia to the metastatic cervical nodes with different patterns (before or after radiotherapy), heating temperatures (T90< $43^{\circ}C$ and $T90{\geq}43^{\circ}C$) and hyperthermia episodes (< 4 times, 4-10 times and > 10 times). Results: The 3-month and 5-year complete response (CR) rates of cervical lymph nodes in the hyperthermia group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate and the 3-year / 5-year overall survival rate in the hyperthermia group were also significantly higher. There was no significant difference in 5-year metastatic rates. In the hyperthermia group, the 3-month and 5-year CR rates of T90< $43^{\circ}C$ treatment were significantly lower than with $T90{\geq}43^{\circ}C$ treatment. The CR rate was highest when the hyperthermia was performed 4-10 times. There were no significant differences in 3-month and 5-year CR rates between hyperthermia before or after radiotherapy treatment. Conclusion: Microwave hyperthermia combined with chemoradiotherapy can increase local control, DFS and 3, 5-year overall survival rates of patients with N2 ~ N3 stage NPC. The heating temperature should be over $43^{\circ}C$ with hyperthermia repeated 4-10 times.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.230-237
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• 1982

Malignant hyperthermia has been reported by many authors since Denborough [1960] first described concerning anesthetic death in a family. Malignant hyperthermia is characterized by a hypermetabolic state [tachycardia, tachypnea, hypercarbia, hypoxia, cyanosis, hypotension, high fever and muscle rigidity] and is related to a hereditary defect of skeletal muscle. In susceptible individuals, it is triggered by potent inhalational anesthetics, depolarizing muscle relaxant [Succinylcholine], amide type local anesthetics [prototype lidocaine] and occasionally by stress due to emotional and environmental factors. Unrecognized and untreated malignant hyperthermia is associated with a very high mortality rate. Recently authors have experienced malignant hyperthermia in 5 year old male child who was diagnosed to have patent ductus arteriosus and interatrial septal defect associated with congenital physical deformities such as short stature, hypotrophic muscles and genu valgus deformity of lower extremity, indirect inguinal hernia and Ramphant caries.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.7.1-7.1
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• 2009

The use of Duplex stainless steel as a thermo-implant categorizes into two clinical applications: hyperthermia and thermal ablation or destruction. The goal of hyperthermia is to destroy the heat-sensitive abnormal cells and minimize normal cell death maintaining heat between $42^{\circ}C$ and $46^{\circ}C$. Thermal ablation takes place when the local tissue temperature increases greater than $46^{\circ}C$. This elevated temperature denatures protein irreversibly resulting cellular death. The author introduced several thermo-implants such as thermo-rod, thermo-stent, thermo-coil and thermoacupuncture-needle. Those thermo-implants are made of duplex stainless steel which can produce regulated heat by itself within an induction magnetic field. Thermal ablation characteristics of the thermo-rod on tumor hyperthermia depend on configurations of the thermo-rods and the magnitude of the induction magnetic strength. The exothermic properties of the thermo-implants can be characterized using the calorimetric test and the heat affected zone(HAZ) analyses in vitro. Thermal radiation studies using thermo-coils and thermo-stents show the capability of the occlusion of animal blood vessels and inhibiting the proliferation of the abnormal smooth muscle cell growth and inflammatory cell reactions maintaining the heat between $42^{\circ}C$ and $46^{\circ}C$ minimizing a normal cell death in the study on external iliac artery of the New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit. Thermal stimulation study using thermo-acupuncture needles suggests the potential applications of the automated acupunctural therapies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.247-253
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• 2009

We investigated the cell growth rate according to the change of temperature of the Thermo-rod used for the local hyperthermia therapy. For this study, we fabricated the Thermo-rods (TR) using Duplex Stainless Steels having magnetic properties as well as non magnetic properties. To evaluate cell growth rates up to 15 days, we conducted cell proliferation test using cell counting methods. For the tests, the CAPEs and Osteoblats were seeded on the 6-we11 plates with the induction heated thermo-rods 30 mins a day for 15 days with 2 days interval and without induction heated thermo-rods as control group respectively. We calculated cell growth rates, 6 hours after heating. From the results, in case of CAPEs and Osteobalsts seeded groups, the cell growth rates in all groups increased drastically for 6 days after seeding, but decreased irregularly after 6 days. In conclusion, the cell growth rates showed no significant difference among all groups and it indicated that there were no effects of temperate ($41^{\circ}C$) on cell growth rates.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2014

Purpose: We performed invasive thermometry to verify the elevation of local temperature in the liver during hyperthermia. Materials and Methods: Three 40-kg pigs were used for the experiments. Under general anesthesia with ultrasonography guidance, two glass fiber-optic sensors were placed in the liver, and one was placed in the peritoneal cavity in front of the liver. Another sensor was placed on the skin surface to assess superficial cooling. Six sessions of hyperthermia were delivered using the Celsius TCS electro-hyperthermia system. The energy delivered was increased from 240 kJ to 507 kJ during the 60-minute sessions. The inter-session cooling periods were at least 30 minutes. The temperature was recorded every 5 minutes by the four sensors during hyperthermia, and the increased temperatures recorded during the consecutive sessions were analyzed. Results: As the animals were anesthetized, the baseline temperature at the start of each session decreased by $1.3^{\circ}C$ to $2.8^{\circ}C$ (median, $2.1^{\circ}C$). The mean increases in temperature measured by the intrahepatic sensors were $2.42^{\circ}C$ (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70-3.13) and $2.67^{\circ}C$ (95% CI, 2.05-3.28) during the fifth and sixth sessions, respectively. The corresponding values for the intraperitoneal sensor were $2.10^{\circ}C$ (95% CI, 0.71-3.49) and $2.87^{\circ}C$ (1.13-4.43), respectively. Conversely, the skin temperature was not increased but rather decreased according to application of the cooling system. Conclusion: We observed mean $2.67^{\circ}C$ and $2.87^{\circ}C$ increases in temperature at the liver and peritoneal cavity, respectively, during hyperthermia. In vivo real-time thermometry is useful for directly measuring internal temperature during hyperthermia.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1991

In order to assess the effects of radiofrequency-induced local hyperthermia on the normal liver, histopathologic findings and biochemical changes after localized hyperthermia in canine liver were studied. Hyperthermia was externally adminsitered using the Thermotron RF-8 (Yamamoto Vinyter Co., Japan; Capacitive type heating machine) with parallel opposed electrodes. Thirteen dogs were used and allocated into one control group (N=3) and two treatment groups according to the treatment temperature. Group I (N=5) was heated with $42.5\pm0.5^{\circ}C$ 30 minutes, and Group II (N=5) was heated with $45\pm0.5^{\circ}C$ for 15-30 minutes. Samples of liver tissue were obtained through a needle biopsy immediately after hyperthermia and T,14, and 28 days after treatment. Blood samples were obtained before treatment and W, 3,5, 7,14 and 28 days after treatment and examined for SGOT, SGPT and alkaline phosphatase. Although SGOT and SGPT were elevated after hyperthermia in both groups (three of five in each group), there was no liver cell necrosis or hyperthermia related mortality in Group 1. A hydropic swelling of hepatocytes was prominent histologic finding. Hyperthermia with $45^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes was fatal and showed extensive liver cell necrosis. In conclusion, liverdamage dy heat of $42.5\pm0.5^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes is reversible, and liver damage by heat of $45\pm0.5^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes can be fatal or irreversible. However, these results cannot be applied directly to human trial. Therefore, in erder to apply hyperthermic treatment on human liver tumor safely, close obsewation of temperature with proper thermometry is mandatory. Hyperthermic treatment should be confined to the tumor area while sparing a normal liver as much as possible.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 1994

Purpose : This study was undertaken to show the clinical results of combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia in primary hepatoma Materials and Methods : Between December 1989 and March 1993, 50 patients with hepatomas were treated by combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia. Among them, we analyzed retrospectively 33 patients who received the complete course of treatment. The ages of the patients ranged from 36 to 75(mean age: 55.5 years). Twenty-six patients ($78.8\%$) were men, and 7 ($21.2\%$ were women. According to Child's classification, nine patients ($27.3{\%}$) were A group, 9 ($27.3\%$) were B group, 15 ($45.4\%$) were C group. Radiation therapy was done by a 6 MV and 15 MV linear accelerator. Patients were treated with daily fractions of 150-180 cCy to doses of 2550 cGy -4950 cGy (median : 3000 cGy). Local hyperthermia was done by 8 MHZ RF capacitive heating device (Cancermia. Green Cross Co., Korea), 50-60 min/session, 1-2 sessions/wk, and 8.5 sessions (median number)/patient. We analyzed the prognostic factors including age, sex, tumor type, Child's classification, $\alpha$-fetoprotein, liver cirrhosis, ascites, portal vein invasion, esophageal varix, number of hyperthermia, chemotherapy, total bilirubin level, Karnofsky perfomance status. Results : The overall 1-year survival was $24.2\%$, with a mean survival of 10months. Of 33 patients, tumor regression (PR+MR) was seen in $30.4\%$, no response was seen in $52.2\%,\;17.4\%$ patient was progressed. In patients who had tumor regression, the overall 1-year survival was $42.1\%$ with a mean survival of 14 months. Factors influencing the survival were sex (p=0.05), tumor type (p=0.0248), Child's classification (p=0.0001), liver cirrhosis (p=0.0108), ascites (p=0.0009), and Karnofsky perfomance status (p=0.0028). Complications developed in 28 patients, including 18 hot pain,5 fat necrosis, 3 transient fever, 2 nausea and vomiting. Conclusion : In this study, the results suggests that combined radiotherauy and hyperthermia may improve the survival rate of hepatoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2307-2310
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• 2013

Curcumin previously was proven to inhibit angiogenesis and display potent antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated whether a combination curcumin with hyperthermia would have a synergistic antitumor effect in the LL/2 model. The results indicated that combination therapy significantly inhibited cell proliferation of MS-1 and LL/2 in vitro. LL/2 experiment model also demonstrated that the combination therapy inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the life span in vivo. Furthermore, combination therapy reduced angiogenesis and increased tumor apoptosis. Our findings suggest that the combination therapy exerted synergistic antitumor effects, providing a new perspective fpr clinical tumor therapy.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.331-338
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• 1995

Laserthermia is a new method of local hyperthermia using fiber optic guided probe with computer controlled Nd-YAG laser system. We used a synthetic sapphire probe and allowed irradiation with contolled low power laser energy (less than 5W), in different thermal condition (temprature: 38.5~50 degrees C) for 10 minutes, in the normal brain tissue of 18 rabbits. In results, the histological changes of brain tissue was variable (myelin condensation, chromatin condensation, nuclear waving and palisading, RBC discoloration, cell necrosis) in microscopic findings after laser irradiation, but changing area was not occured proportionally in thermal condition level. Cell necrosis appears to over 44.5 degrees C and the distance was about 1.25 mm. This study, using computer controlled laserthermia system for interstitial local hyperthermia, may offer many advantages in the experimental treatment and clinical management of tumor. Minimizing normal tissue damage is now being developed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2006

Puroose: We examined whether intratumoral (i.t.) administration of dendritic cells (DCs) into a treated tumor could induce local and systemic antitumor effects in a mouse tumor model. Methods and Materials: C57BL/6 mice were inoculated s.c. in the right and left thighs with MCA-102 fibrosarcoma cells on day 0 and on day 7, respectively. On day 7, the tumors (usually 6 mm in diameter) on the right thigh were heated by immersing the tumor-bearing leg in a circulating water bath at $43^{\circ}C$ for 30 min; thereafter, the immature DCs were i.t administered to the right thigh tumors. This immunization procedure was repeated on days 7, 14 and 21. The tumors in both the right and left thighs were measured every 7 days and the average sizes were determined by applying the following formula, tumor $size=0.5{\times}(length+width)$. Cytotoxicity assay was done to determine tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. Results: Hyperthermia induced apoptosis and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in tumor occurred maximally after 6 hr. For the local treated tumor, hyperthermia (HT) alone inhibited tumor growth compared with the untreated tumors (p<0.05), and furthermore, the i.t. administered DCs combined with hyperthermia (HT + DCs) additively inhibited tumor growth compared with HT alone (p<0.05). On the distant untreated tumor, HT alone significantly inhibited tumor growth (p<0.05), and also HT + DCs potently inhibited tumor growth (p<0.001); however, compared with HT alone, the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, HT + DCs induced strong cytotoxicity of the splenocytes against tumor cells compared to DCs or HT alone. Conclusion: HT + DCs induced apoptosis and increased the expression of HSPs, and so this induced a potent local and systemic antitumor response in tumor-bearing mice. This regimen may be beneficial for the treatment of human cancers.