• 무역학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.221-237
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• 2019

Multinational corporations (MNCs) usually face indigenous business environments in host countries which are different from a home country's. In this circumstance, MNCs would accomplish low-investing performance if they pursuit the same as the home oriented business strategy in the host country. The more different kinds of specialized environments a host countries have, the more pressure of modifying the international strategy needed for MNCs. This paper examines that how a different market environment between a home country and a host country, through MNC's local responsive managements, can influence investing performance in a host country. This paper conducts structural equation analyses with collected empirical data focusing upon a MNC's market orientation efforts and the realization of management localization (i.e., increasing local sourcing intensity or local sales intensity) as mediators between the specialized environment in a host country and the MNC's investing performance. This paper has several contributions in developing the prior approaches: first, the market orientation variables are regarded not as normal independent factors but mediators; second, two step mediation model is examined to make link between host market's heterogeneity and MNC's performance.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.897-913
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• 2013

본 논문의 주된 연구 목적은 중학교의 특목고 진학률과 인근 초등학교의 순전입률 간의 상관관계 분석을 통해, 거주지 이동 혹은 전학이라는 기제를 통해 이루어지는 학교 선택 양상의 공간적 특성을 실증적으로 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 분석 수준을 개별 중학교 수준과 중학구 수준으로 구분하였으며, 새로운 표준화 기법을 적용해 두 변수를 표준화하였다. 표준화된 두 변수를 지도화하여 공간적 패턴을 살펴보았으며, 최종적으로 두 변수에 대한 상관관계 분석을 전역적 수준과 국지적 수준에서 실시하였다. 주요 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전역적 상관관계 분석의 결과, 중학교 수준과 중학구 수준 모두에서, 특목고 진학률과 순전입률 사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 정적인 상관관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 국지적 상관관계 분석의 결과, 이변량 연관에서 상당히 높은 수준의 공간적 이질성이 존재하는 것으로 드러났다. 두 변수 모두에서 높은 값을 가지면서 정적인 상관관계를 보이는 중학구가 확인됨과 동시에, 전역적 경향성과는 다른 다양한 이변량 연관의 양상을 보여주는 중학구 역시 존재함이 확인되었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.125-125
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• 2020

European Space Agency's Sentinel-1 has an improved spatial and temporal resolution, as compared to previous satellite data such as Envisat Advanced SAR (ASAR) or Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT). Thus, the assumption used for low-resolution retrieval algorithms used by ENVISAT ASAR or ASCAT is not applicable to Sentinel-1, because a higher degree of land surface heterogeneity should be considered for retrieval. The assumption of homogeneity over land surface is not valid any more. In this study, considering that soil roughness is one of the key parameters sensitive to soil moisture retrievals, various approaches are discussed. First, soil roughness is spatially inverted from Sentinel-1 backscattering over Yanco sites in Australia. Based upon this, Artificial Neural Networks data (feedforward multiplayer perception, MLP, Levenberg-Marquadt algorithm) are compared with Fractal approach (brownian fractal, Hurst exponent of 0.5). When using ANNs, training data are achieved from theoretical forward scattering models, Integral Equation Model (IEM). and Sentinel-1 measurements. The network is trained by 20 neurons and one hidden layer, and one input layer. On the other hand, fractal surface roughness is generated by fitting 1D power spectrum model with roughness spectra. Fractal roughness profile is produced by a stochastic process describing probability between two points, and Hurst exponent, as well as rms heights (a standard deviation of surface height). Main interest of this study is to estimate a spatial variability of roughness without the need of local measurements. This non-local approach is significant, because we operationally have to be independent from local stations, due to its few spatial coverage at the global level. More fundamentally, SAR roughness is much different from local measurements, Remote sensing data are influenced by incidence angle, large scale topography, or a mixing regime of sensors, although probe deployed in the field indicate point data. Finally, demerit and merit of these approaches will be discussed.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1988

1. 유아에서 떼어낸 조직은 거의 모든 품종에서 60% 이상이 callus 형성을 하였으나 자엽에서는 품종간의 차이가 매우 커 0%에서 90% (KLA102)로 다양했다. 2. 자엽과 유아조직에서 형성된 callus는 크로로필을 형성하였으나, 유근에서 형성된 callus는 녹색부위를 관찰할 수 없었다. 3. 분열이 왕성하였던 creamish-white 부위는 조직의 origin에 관계없이 분화적응력이 인정되었다. 4. Callus 형성이 가장 좋은 품종 KLA102의 callus도 분화배지에 옮겨 6주간 배양을 하였으나 rooting와 meristemoids만 형성하였을 뿐 shooting은 되지 않았다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.23-42
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• 2006

Services, despite the difficulty of its exact definition, can be defined as deeds, efforts, or performances by economical bodies, attributing to four unique characteristics - intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity, and perishability. This study aims to research the global competition and problems of the local professional services, especially educational services and health services, and to suggest some devices for increasing the exportation of both educational services and health services. Educational services and health services were reserved in the multilateral negotiation to open the WTO parties' markets because of its national public benefits. But it is indispensable to open our local market by the bilateral FTA negotiation. Legal restrictions, therefore, related to both education and health should be erased according to the basic rule of the market competition, and it is advisable to control the national public benefit of these services by enacting the different legal systems. For recovering from minus balance of payment in the educational services or health services, furthermore, it is necessary to drive rather some offensive exporting policies than the defensive policy against supply from the foreign countries. In conclusion, the korean Foreign Trade Act and other relative acts should be revised, and both educational services and health services should be contained within the definition of "the international trade" for the governmental benefits of supporting the services exportation.

• Plant Resources
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1998

This paper describes the variations in eight agronomic traits in three unadapted local landraces and an inbred cultivar of corn. To compare the agronomic traits in field evaluation with molecular marker evaluation the genotypes of the plant introduction were also checked by 4 microsatellite-SSR loci. The variations of the eight agronomic traits were higher in the local landrades than in the inbred line. which was substantiated by the high genetic variation in the landrades with microsatellite-SSR loci. The level of genetic variation was also different between landraces. Since the genetic evaluation can be easily quantified by the analysis of microsatellite-SSR loci. the threshold level of genetic homogeneity in the population for parental lines in breeding program can be determined and the effort of maintaining the landrace population would be alleviated. As an example in our analysis. the entry from Whachon should not need the same number of selfing generations as the other two landraces to get the level of inbred state. Since this line showed lowest intra-genetic variation within the population.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2011

공공기관과 지방자치단체는 방범용과 교통용, 쓰레기 무단투기용 등 다양한 형태로 CCTV를 설치하고 있다. 그 밖에도 국가행정기관이나 각급 학교, 특별법에 의한 특수법인, 지방공사 및 공단 등에서도 개별적으로 CCTV를 운영하고 있다. 이와 같이 로컬지역의 관할구역에 개별적으로 설치 및 운용되어오던 CCTV시스템이 혼재되어 있거나 도입시점이 상호 기술적 이질성이 발생한다. 행정안전부는 2011년 2월 국가영상정보자원을 위한 통합관제센터구축을 위한 가이드라인을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 행정안전부가 권고하는 가이드라인에 근거하여 2011년 4월 28일 완료 보고한 부산광역시의 경찰청, 소방청 그리고 부산시간의 통합관제센터 구축 사례를 소개한다. 기관간 통합과정에서 발생하는 문제와 선결요인은 무엇이고 해결방안을 제시한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

Experimental examinations for evaluating fracutres were conducted by using transparent replicas of a single fracture in order to obtain the fracture data to contribute to the methodlogy on how to improve the definitaion of representative parameter values used for a parallel plate fracture model. Quantitative aperture distribution and quantitative tracer concentration data at each point in time were obtained by measuring the attenuation of transmitted light through the fracture in high spatial resolution. the representative aperture values evaluated from the multiple different measurement methods, such as arithmetic mean of aperture distribution measured by the optical method, transport aperture evaluated from the tracer test, and average aperture evaluated from the fracture void volume measurement converged to a unique value that indicates the accuracy of this experimental study. The aperture data was employed for verifying the numerical simulation under the assuption of Local Cubic Law and showed that the calculated flow rate through the fracture is 10%-100% larger than hydraulic test results. The quantitative tracer concentration data is also very valuable for validating existing numerical code for advection dispersion transport in-plane heterogeneous fractures.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2011

This paper proposes a search system using the topic maps that it extends XMDR into Knowledge based XMDR for solving of the problems of the heterogeneity of distributed data on a network and integrate data by an efficient way. The proposed system combined Topic Maps and the extended metadata registry effectively. The Topic Maps represent related knowledge and reasoning relationship by associations of topic. And the extended metadata registry standards and manages the metadata of the local systems through registration and certification on the distributed environment. We also proposed a meta layer, include the meta topic and meta association to achieve semantic classification grouping of topics and to define relationship between Topic Maps and extended metadata registry.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2007

Hotels had main functions of providing lodging and food and beverages in the past but hotels theses days have been changing fast to satisfy changes of social paradigm. Hotels are providing various services and further more they are places to represent certain local culture by various ways including improved entertaintment factors. accommodating combined purpose, enhancing characteristics and unique factors. These new trials can be analyzed as concepts of pursuing variety, sensual expression and pursuing originality. The concept of hotel shows new trend of expressions in design by the changes. These trends of expressions can be characterized with differentiation, sameness, heterogeneity, combination and time frame. In this study, by analyzing cases that these characteristics we applied for expanding the range of understanding toward new application method and expect to be applied to appropriate design concept of hotel culture in the future.