• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2011

When pipe components made of carbon steel in nuclear, fossil, and industry plants are exposed to flowing fluid, wall thinning caused by FAC(flow accelerated corrosion) can be generated and eventually ruptured at the position of pressure boundary. The aim of this study is to identify the locations at which local wall thinning occurs and to determine the turbulence coefficient related to local wall thinning. Experiment and numerical analyses for the tee sections of down scaled piping components were performed and the results were compared. In particular, flow visualization experiment which was used alkali metallic salt was performed to find actual location of local wall thinning inside tee components. In order to determine the relationship between turbulence coefficients and local wall thinning, numerical analyses were performed for tee components in the main feedwater systems. The turbulence coefficients based on the numerical analyses were compared with the local wall thinning based on the measured data. From the comparison of the results, the vertical flow velocity component(Vr) flowing to the wall after separating in the wall due to the geometrical configuration and colliding with the wall directly at an angle of some degree was analogous to the configuration of local wall thinning.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.419-430
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• 1999

Measurements of local blowing ratio and ammonia-diazo flow visualizations have been conducted for a shower-head film cooling on a first-stage turbine stator. In this study, six rows of normal holes are drilled symmetrically on the semicircular leading edge of a simulated blunt body. The measurements show that for an average blowing ratio based on freestream velocity, M, of 0.5, local average mass flow rate through the first two rows of the holes is less than those through the second and third two rows of the holes, and the fraction of mass flow rate through the first two rows to total mass flow rate has a tendency to increase with the increment of M. The flow visualizations reveal that the injection through the first two row results in inferior film coverage even In the case of M = 0.5, meanwhile the row of holes situated at farther downstream location provides higher film-cooling performances for all tested M. This is because film-cooling effectiveness depends on local mainflow velocity at the hole location as well as the mass flow rate through each row.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.27-30
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• 2001

Flow and transport at fracture intersections, and their effects on network scale transport, are investigated in three-dimensional random fracture networks. Fracture intersection mixing rules complete mixing and streamline routing are defined in terms of fluxes normal to the intersection line between two fractures. By analyzing flow statistics and particle transfer probabilities distributed along fracture intersections, it is shown that for various network structures with power law size distributions of fractures, the choice of intersection mixing rule makes comparatively little difference in the overall simulated solute migration patterns. The occurrence and effects of local flows around an intersection (local flow cells) are emphasized. Transport simulations at fracture intersections indicate that local flow circulations can arise from variability within the hydraulic head distribution along intersections, and from the internal no flow condition along fracture boundaries. These local flow cells act as an effective mechanism to enhance the nondiffusive breakthrough tailing often observed in discrete fracture networks. It is shown that such non-Fickian (anomalous) solute transport can be accounted for by considering only advective transport, in the framework of a continuous time random walk model. To clarify the effect of forest environmental changes (forest type difference and clearcut) on water storage capacity in soil and stream flow, watershed had been investigated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2012

In many semi-empirical analyses of flow boiling heat transfer, an annular flow is often assumed as a model flow and the local liquid film thickness is a key parameter in the analysis. This work considers a simple electrical conductance technique to estimate the local liquid film thickness in two-phase annular flows. In this approach, many electrodes are mounted flush with the inner wall of the pipe. Voltage differences between two neighboring electrodes for concentric annular flows with various liquid film thicknesses are obtained before the main experiments and logged in a look-up table. For an actual application in the annual flow, voltage differences of neighboring electrodes are measured and then corresponding local film thicknesses are determined by the interpolation of the look-up table. Even though the proposed technique is quite simple and straightforward, the numerical and static phantom experiments support its usefulness.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.505-514
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• 1998

Flow pattern of air-water two phase flow depends on the conditions of pressure void fraction and channel geometry. We classify the flow pattern by measuring the output signal of the conductivity probe. under the classified flow pattern we mount a visualization equipment on the test section and take pictures. We vary the concentration of pure solvent and polymer to measure local void fraction. We know that the maximum point position of local void fraction distribution move from the center of the pipe to the wall of the pipe as JSL increase when JSA is constant in two phase flow. But we find that the maximum point position of local void friction move from the wal of the pipe to the center of the pipe when polymer concentration increase.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.483-491
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• 2011

When pipe components made of carbon steel in nuclear, fossil, and industry are exposed to flowing fluid, wall thinning caused by FAC(flow accelerated corrosion) can be generated and eventually ruptured at the portion of pressure boundary. A study to identify the locations generating local wall thinning and to disclose turbulence coefficient related to the local wall thinning was performed. Experiment and numerical analyses for tee of down scaled piping components were performed and the results were compared. In particular, flow visualization experiment which was used alkali metallic salt was performed to find actual location of local wall thinning inside tee components. To disclose the relationship between turbulence coefficients and local wall thinning, numerical analyses were performed for tee components. The turbulence coefficients based on the numerical analyses were compared with the local wall thinning based on the measured data. From the comparison of the results, the vertical flow velocity component(Vr) flowing to the wall after separating in the wall due to the geometrical configuration and colliding with the wall directly at an angle of some degree was analogous to the configuration of local wall thinning.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.75-88
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• 2017

This study analyzed wind flows based on spatial and geomorphological characteristics of Daegu Metropolitan City. A three-stage analysis was performed, starting with a comparison of meteorological relationships between local wind direction (synoptic wind) and local wind flow. In the second stage the study area was subdivided into districts and suburban districts to analyze the relative change of local wind flow. In stage three, the formation of wind corridor for local wind flow, wind flow for the entire urban space, and spatial relationships between flows were verified comparatively using KLAM_21. Three results are notable, the first of which is a low correlation between synoptic wind of a region, and local wind, flow in terms of meteorology. Secondly, observations of local wind flow at five downtown districts and two suburban districts showed that there were diverse wind directions at each measurement point. This indicates that the spatial and geomorphological characteristics of areas neighboring the measurement points could affect the local wind flow. Thirdly, verifying the results analyzed using KLAM_21, compared to Atomatic Weather System(AWS) measurement data, confirmed the reliability of the numerical modelling analysis. It was determined that local wind flow in a city performs a spatial function and role in ameliorating the urban heat island phenomena. This indicates that, when an urban planning project is designed, the urban heat island phenomena could be ameliorated effectively and sustainably if local wind flow caused by immediate spatial and geomorphological characteristics is confirmed systematically and techniques are intentionally applied to connect the flows spatially within areas where urban heat islands occur.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1098-1103
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• 2004

In this study, the effect of channel flow in the concave surface on local heat transfer characteristics of array jets was investigated experimentally. A TLC method is employed to determine local heat transfer coefficients on the target plate and also flow visualization has been conducted to investigate the behavior of a row of impinging jets and array of impinging jets. Two different array patterns of impinging array jets devices are tested for Reynolds number(Re=10,000). In a row of impinging jets, secondary vortex is strongly maintained by main vortex at nozzle-to-plate distance of H/d=2. Therefore, the Nusselt number slowly decreased at the mid-way region between adjacent jets. In array jets, the local maximum Nusselt number region move further in the downstream direction due to the increase of channel flow velocity.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1481-1486
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• 2004

This report presents experimental results on the heat transfer coefficients in the boiling region of spray cooling for actual metallurgical process. In this study, the heat flux distribution of a two dimensional dilute spray impinging on hot plate was experimentally investigated. Based on the experimental results, they classified the heat transfer area into the stagnation region and wall-flow region. In the stagnation region, the local heat transfer coefficient relates mainly to the droplet-flow-rate supplied from spray nozzle directly, so the local heat transfer coefficients is good agreement with the predicted values from correlation for spray cooling proposed by former report However, the local heat transfer coefficient in wall-flow region is larger than predicted values, and it is found that the rebounding droplets-flow-rate must be accurately evaluated to predict the local heat transfer coefficient in this region.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 1996

Many surgeons and anesthesiologists prefer using vasoconstrictor mixed with local anesthetic agent to reduce the incidence of side effects and prolong the duration of analgesia because most local anesthetic agents, except cocaine, were believed to possess vasodilating effect. However, some investigators recently reported vasoconstricting effect of local anesthetic agents. There is still controversy on the vasoactive effect of local anesthetic agents. So this study is aimed to clarify the vasoactive effect of local anesthetics in the animal model resembling clinical settings. Rabbits were anesthesized with ketamine and haloghane, and respirations were controlled with Harvard animal ventilator. Lidocaine (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) and bupivacaine (0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5%) with or without 1:100,000 epinephrine were subdermaly injected on the femoral bupivacaine of the femoral artery were measured with Doppler flow meter in vivo. The mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, arterial blood gases, pH and level of serum electrolytes were measured at every 2 minute interval for 30 minutes. Results were as follows: 1) There was no significant vasoconstriction with 0.5% lidocaine and 0.125% bupivacaine. 2) Statistically significant (p<0.05) vasodilations were observed with lidocaine (1.0~2.0%) and bupivacaine (0.25~0.5%). 3) There were no changes on the duration of vasodilation induced by local anesthetic agents of various concentrations. 4) Onset of vasodilation induced by local anesthetic agents of high concentration were faster than that of lower concentrations. 5) In the mixed injection group of epinephrine and local anesthetic agent, the vasoconstriction induced by epinephrine was completely reversed by local anesthetics, approximately 5 minutes later. In conclusion, local anesthetic agents at dose exceeding 1.0% lidocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine increase local blood flow significantly in animal study in vivo which is applicable in human clinical settings. The increase blood flow may be due to dilatation of blood vessel. Further study on the analysis of association between amount of absorbed local anesthetics in blood vessels and dilatation of blood vessels is needed.