• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.825-833
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• 2011

Forty-five Hisex commercial layers and forty-five local Saudi breed layers were used to determine the acceptable limit of short-term water restriction in the late phase of production, when the problem of high feed and water consumption is expected. The experiment was performed under hot and arid environmental conditions when the layers were at fifty weeks of age. Layers from each breed were randomly assigned in groups of five into nine floor pens. The average environmental temperature was 37.2-$38.6^{\circ}C$, and the relative humidity was between 20 to 37%. The trial was divided into 3 periods; control (1 week), water restriction (2 weeks) and rehydration (1 week). During the restriction period, layers from each breed were divided into three groups that received 20, 40, and 0% restriction of drinking water relative to their consumed water during the control period. During the study, feed and water consumption, body weight, changes in body weight, egg production, primary antibody response to SRBC, and rectal temperature were evaluated. Water restriction did not result in any clear effect on feed intake in either breed, however, commercial layers tended to consume less feed compared to the local breed. Body weight declined with water restriction during the first week of restriction in the commercial breed regardless of rate of restriction, but it was delayed until the second week in the local breed. Water restriction of 40% decreased egg production in both breeds but with a delay of 1 week in the local breed. Antibody level to SRBC was not affected by water restriction in the commercial line while it was highly affected in the local breed. A water restriction of 20% is considered to be an acceptable limit under the current experimental conditions without a negative effect on egg production in both breeds and considering the immune status of the local breed. Whereas, 40% restriction had a negative effect on egg production, and varied effects in the other traits in both breeds.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2016

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the influence of socioeconomic characteristics of community on the food insecurity under the control of personal socioeconomic factors which may be influence to the food security. Methods: Food insecurity and individual socioeconomic characteristics were obtained from 2012 community health survey. Socioeconomic characteristics of communities were extracted from the data of Statistics Korea and local governments. Personal socioeconomic factors were sex, age, educational status, job, and monthly family income. Socioeconomic characteristics of communities were administrative district (urban vs. rural), senior population rate, degree of financial self reliance, degree of financial independence, portion of welfare budget, number of welfare facilities, and unemployment rate. We analysed the relationships between the food insecurity and socioeconomic characteristics of community using multi-level analysis under the control of personal characteristics. Results: On personal level age, sex, education status, and monthly family income were related with food insecurity. On community level administrative district (urban vs. rural), degree of financial independence, unemployment rate, and proportion of welfare budget among local general government accounts were related to individual food insecurity. Rural area, district with low levels of financial independence, low portion of welfare budget, and greater unemployment rate showed a higher level of food insecurity. Conclusion: To reduce the level of food insecurity in a community it is necessary to decrease the unemployment rate, in addition to providing support from the central government by increasing the proportion of the welfare budget so that both factors contribute to raising the degree of financial independence.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.98-101
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• 1993

Surgery has been known to be traditional treatment modality for the malignant salivary gland tumor, the tumors being considered as radioresistant. However, reviews of the literature have shown a high recurrence rate, especially in advanced and/or high grade tumors. The retrospective data suggests that conservative surgery with adjunctive radiation therapy is justified in view of the enhanced locoregional control. In inoperable and recurrent tumor, definitive radiotherapy can achieve $30{\sim}40%$ of average 5 year survival rate, but in early stage, local control and survival rate could be raised more than 80%. This results shown to be aggressive radiotherapy can replace surgical management for the selected cases of small sized tumor. Neutron therapy is another option for curative treatment of malignant salivary gland tumors.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2008년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.35 No.1 (D)
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• pp.476-479
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• 2008

Wireless Sensor Network typically incorporates various real time applications that must meet timing constraints under severe resource limitations. Due to the high data rate and burst traffic for that type of applications, occurrence of congestion is very common. Ensuring the end-to-end deadline under congested scenario is quite challenging. In this paper we propose a hop-by-hop rate control algorithm which avoids the congestion as well as ensures that the real time traffic will meet the end-to-end deadline by guaranteeing the meeting of local deadline at intermediate hop. Finally, simulation has demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 춘계합동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.21-25
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• 2002

Activated sludge processes are widely used in biological wastewater treatment processes. The main motivation of this research is to develop an intelligent control strategy for activated sludge process (ASP). ASP is a complex and nonlinear dynamic system because of the characteristic of wastewater, the change in influent rate, weather conditions, and so on. The mathematical model of ASP also includes uncertainties which are ignored or not considered by process engineer or controller designer. The ASP model based on Matlab/Simulink is designed in this paper. The performance of the model is tested by IWA (International Water Association) and COST (European Cooperation in the filed of Scientific and Technical Research) data that include steady-state results during 14 days. In this paper, fuzzy logic control approach is applied to control the DO (dissolved oxygen) concentration. The fuzzy logic controller that includes two inputs and one output can adjust air flowrate. Also, this paper introduces the remote monitoring and control system that is applied for the CSTR (Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor) wastewater treatment system. The CSTR plant has a local control and the remote monitoring system which is contained communication parts which consist of LAN (Local Area Network) network and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) wireless module. Remote control and monitoring systems are constructed in the laboratory.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.2875-2893
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• 2015

Existing coding aware routing algorithms focused on novel routing metric design that captures the characteristics of network coding. However, in packet coding algorithm, they use opportunistic coding scheme which didn't consider the queue state of the coding node and are equivalent to the conventional store-and-forward method in light traffic load condition because they never delay packets and there are no packets in the output queue of coding node, which results in no coding opportunity. In addition, most of the existing algorithms assume that all flows participating in the network have equal rate. This is unrealistic since multi-rate environments are often appeared. To overcome above problem and expand network coding to light traffic load scenarios, we present an enhanced coding-aware routing algorithm based on queue state and local topology (OQMCAR), which consider the queue state of coding node in packet coding algorithm where the control policy is of threshold-type. OQMCAR is a unified framework to merge single rate case and multiple rate case, including the light traffic load scenarios. Simulations results show that our scheme can achieve higher throughput and lower end-to-end delay than the current mechanisms using COPE-type opportunistic coding policy in different cases.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.117-120
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• 2005

The business market of architecture has got a system that controls a deposit according to the price function. This system is written on a law of contract about countries. So the main body of construction has to make a reasonable contract. This study is written about a rate of numerical index on controling a deposit. We tried to fine problems and solutions of labor expenses, instrument costs and material costs which is so big and changable on the construction market Labor expenses are expressed according to the rate of construction scale between direct and indirect cost that applies ability of works. Instrument costs are expressed according to an output method of a unit price annually and a weight allowance of local instrument conditions and use frequence. The last material costs expressed according to a local weight allowance make a decision of the material cost index. They applies locally relative index more than absolute one on what uses the price rate of producers and importations. This solutions are not enough to apply to the real market, so it needs to exam and to be on the market after a feasibility study.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.561-572
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• 2019

본 연구는 다층적 다중변화점 추정법으로 FDRSeg 기법과 SMUCE 기법의 이론적 특성을 파악하고 모의실험을 통해 경험적 특성을 비교하고자한다. FDRSeg (False discovery rate segmentation)기법은 FDR 기반 조절을 하여 변화점을 추정하고 SMUCE (simultaneous multiscale change-point estimator) 기법은 국소우도함수 기반 다중 검정으로 변화점을 추정한다. 변화점의 개수가 작을경우에는 두 기법에 의한 추정능력이 비슷하다. 변화점 개수가 많을수록 FDRSeg 의 추정이 변화점 개수와 추정측도 면에서 더 좋은 편이다. 실제 데이터 분석으로 검층 주상도 데이터에 대해 각 기법으로 다중변화점 추정을 하고 비교한다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1986

Tumors of the nasal cavity are rare and are usually classified and reported jointly with tumors of the paranasal sinuses. Neverthless their frequency, diagnostic problems, management, and prognosis differ considerably from the latter and justify their study as a separate entity in order to define clearly and evaluate their characteristics. Males outnumbered females in a ratio of 2 to 1. Regional lymph node metases is infrequent; only 10% of the patients presented nodes on admission. Radiation therapy is more favorable method of treatment for nasal cavity tumor secondary to good cosmetic results and high local control rate. The tumor doses are in the range of 5,000 to 6,000 rads in 5 to 6 weeks and an additional dose of 500 to 1,000 rads were given through reduced field to residual disease area. The results of two cases of nasal cavity tumor treated by radiation alone were reasonably good, and review of literature indicated that the radiation alone can give high local control rate and good cosmetics. Therefore, at present time, we recomend radiation therapy for the nasal cavity tumor.

• 정보학연구
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 퍼지 제어기의 설계를 위한 다중 돌연변이 연산자를 갖는 Niche Meta 유전 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘에서 유전자는 유전 알고리즘에 사용되는 교배율이나 돌연변이율과 같은 구조 매개변수와 퍼지 제어기의 입$cdot$출력 소속함수를 나타내는 매개변수로 구성된다. 제안된 알고리즘은 부개체군들에 대해 퍼지 제어기의 소속함수의 매개변수를 최적화시키는 지역적 탐색을 수행하면서 전체 개체군에 대해서 최적의 구조 매개변수에 대한 전역적인 탐색을 수행한다. 다중 돌연변이 연산자는 지역적 진화의 결과에 따라 진화에 가장 적합한 돌연변이 방법으로 선택된다. 제안된 알고리즘의 효율성을 입증하기 위해 2 자유도 구륜 이동 로봇에 대한 모의 실험을 수행한다.