• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of yearly changes in growing degree days (GDD) on the potential distribution and growth of Quercus mongolica in Korea. Annual tree-ring growth data of Quercus mongolica collected by the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory were first organized to identify the range of current distribution for the species. Yearly GDD was calculated based on daily mean temperature data from 1951 to 2010 for counties with current distribution of Q. monglica. When tree-ring growth data were analyzed through cluster analysis based on similarity of climatic conditions, seven clusters were identified. Yearly GDD based on daily mean temperature data of each county were calculated for each of the cluster to predict the change of potential distribution. Temperature effect indices were estimated to predict the effect of GDD on the growth patterns. In addition, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 of climate change scenarios were adopted to estimate yearly GDD and temperature effect indices from 2011 to 2100. The results indicate that the areas with low latitude and elevation exceed the upper threshold of GDD for the species due to the increase of mean temperature with climate change. It was also predicted that the steep increase of temperature will have negative influences on tree-ring growth, and will move the potential distribution of the species to areas with higher latitude or higher elevation, especially after the year of 2050. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable information necessary for estimating local growth characteristics and for predicting changes in the potential distribution of Q. mongolica caused by climate change.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2000

There are increasing evidences of climate change in the Antarctic and Arctic Oceans, especially elevated temperature due to the continuous burning of the fossil fuels and ultraviolet B(UV-B) flux within the ozone hole. Light-dependent, temperature-sensitive, and fast-growing organisms respond to these physical and biogeochemical changes. Polar marine phytoplankton, which are pioneer endemic species and important carbon contributors in the polar waters, are therefore highly suitable biological indicators of such changes. By virtue of light requirement, the primary producers are exposed to extreme seasonal fluctuations in temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and UV radiation. Local environmental warming and increased UV-B radiation during ozone depletion may have profound effects on the primary producers that are primary carbon producers in the polar water. Small changes in climate temperature and solar radiation may have profound effects on the activity threshold of the polar phytoplanktion. To demonstrate biological response to the environmental changes, standardized representative natural and biological parameters are needed so that replicate samples (including controls) can be taken over extended periods of time. In this paper, we review general characteristics of polar phytoplankton, their environment, environmental changes in the polar waters, the effects on the environmental changes to the polar phytoplankton, and the importance of the polar phytoplankton to understand the global environmental changes. [Biological indicators, Global environmental change, Polar phytoplankton, UV].

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.601-611
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• 2011

Land cover changes are occurring for a variety of reasons such as urbanization, infrastructure construction, desertification, drought, flood, and so on. Many researchers have studied the cause and effect of land cover changes, and also the methods for change detection. However, most of the detection methods are based on the dichotomy of "change" and "not change" according a threshold value. In this paper, we present a change detection method with the integration of probability, spatial autocorrelation, and hotspot detection. We used the AMOEBA (A Multidirectional Ecotope-Based Algorithm) and developed the AMOEBA-CH (core hotspot) because the original algorithm tends to produce too many clusters. Our method considers the probability of land cover changes and the spatial interactions between each pixel and its neighboring pixels using a local spatial autocorrelation measure. The core hotspots of land cover changes can be delineated by a contiguity-dominance model of our AMOEBA-CH method. We tested our algorithm in a simulation for land cover changes using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data in South Korea between 2000 and 2008.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2016

A new poty-like virus was isolated from plants of winter daphne (Daphne odora) that showed virus-like symptoms on leaves, from four regions of Korea during 2014. Filamentous-shaped particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy of preparations extracted from symptomatic leaves and examined by the direct negative stain method. RT-PCR assay showed that three samples were positive for both Cucumber mosaic virus and potyvirus, and only one sample was positive for potyvirus only. A BLAST comparison to partial sequences from helper-component proteinase, cylindrical inclusion and coat protein genes detected the highest nucleotide identity of 76%, 72%, and 72% with Daphne mosaic virus, respectively, levels below the potyvirus species discrimination threshold. The new potyvirus was isolated using indicator plants (Chenopodium amaranticolor), in which local lesions were produced. In this study, we identified a novel potyvirus from winter daphne, which we have named Daphne mottle virus (DapMoV).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.122-128
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• 2016

This paper, proposes a new analysis method for the event detection of an OTDR signal. An OTDR signal was passed through the Hamming filter to remove the high frequency noise included in the signal. The signal was then passed consecutively through a differential filter to detect the events of interest. The terminal position was determined using the fact that there is a large gap between the signal and the trailing noise power beyond the terminal. This study examined the local maxima of the signal up to the terminal position and determined the peak regions. The real events were determined from the peak regions using noise information and peak threshold. Finally, the user events were found by inspecting the user peaks beyond the terminal position. The events of the OTDR signal without users are located at less than 17m compared to the optical fiber link setup. The events of the JDSU device are located less than 25m and their users are less than 5m. For the RadianTech device, the events are detected at less than 19m and the users are found in 5m. The results suggest that the proposed method is sufficiently applicable to an optical fiber link monitoring system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.42 no.2 s.302
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

To detect vehicles in image, first the image is transformed with the steerable pyramid which has independent directions and levels. Feature vectors are the collection of filter responses at different scales of a steerable image pyramid. For the detection of vehicles in image, feature vectors in feature points of the vehicle image is used. First the feature points are selected with the grid points in vehicle image that are evenly spaced, and second, the feature points are comer points which m selected by human, and last the feature points are corner Points which are selected in grid points. Next the feature vectors of the model vehicle image we compared the patch of the test images, and if the distance of the model and the patch of the test images is lower than the predefined threshold, the input patch is decided to a vehicle. In experiment, the total 11,191 vehicle images are captured at day(10,576) and night(624) in the two local roads. And the $92.0\%$ at day and $87.3\%$ at night detection rate is achieved.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 1976

This study was carried out to evaluate the harmful factors in working environments and to investigate the labor productivity after improvement of environments, surveying 93 industrial establishments of 10 industries located in Youngdeungpo industrial area in Seoul. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The highest noise level of 125dB(A) was indicated at the rolling process of transport equipment manufacturing industry. 2) The best illumination level was shown in precise machinery industry and the worst was indicated in rubber products, metallic products and transport equipment manufacturing industries. 3) Thermal conditions were above threshold limit value (TLV) at more than two processes of all industries except printing industry. 4) The highest dust concentration was determined in textile and wearing manufacturing industry. 5) Organic solvents were detected at 52 processes in 93 industrial establishments and 33 processes of them showed higher than TLV. The results about harmful chemicals were as follows: a) sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$)was determined higher than TLV on welding process of metallic product manufacturing industry and heat treatment process of transport equipment manufacturing industry. b) Carbon monoxide (CO) concentration was 700ppm at heat treatment process of transport equipment manufacturing industry, indicating 14 times of TLV. c) vinylchloride concentration in the air of PVC raw material mixing process and PVC preparation process of chemical product manufacturing industry was determined higher than TLV. d) Hydrochloride (HCl) concentration in the air of wire expanding process of transport equipment manufacturing industry was determined higher than TLV. 7) Higher values of lead concentration than TLV were determined at lead welding metallic product manufacturing industry and type planting process of process of printing industry, $1.8mg/m^3$ and $0.3mg/m^3$ respectively. 9) 22, 968 of 52, 855 workers (i.e. 43.5%) in 93 industries were exposed to various harmful agents. 10) It was found that the improvement of illumination in electric apparatus manufacturing industry (from 20~40 lux to 420 lux) resulted in an increase in productivity of 6.5% per capita and a decrease in faulty products of 19%. 11) Improvement of environments using local exhaust ventilation system resulted in a decrease of harmful substances lower than TLV and an increase in productivity of 11.4%. 12) Improvement of shovelling tools based on ergonomics resulted in a reduction in energy expenditure of 25.3% and an increase in productivity of 32.2% per capita.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 2011

In this study, recent trends of the annual precipitation, the annual maximum precipitation of different durations and the rain days over several thresholds(i.e. 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm/day) according to the different local features were analyzed using daily precipitation data of 59 weather stations between 1973 and 2009. To analyze the variability according to the regional characteristics, 59 weather stations were classified by elevations, latitudes, longitudes, river basins, inland or shore(east sea, south sea, west sea) area and the level of urbanization. Results demonstrated that overall trend of variables increases except rain day. Results according to the regional characteristics showed that the increase trend becomes stronger with elevation increase. The increase trend of Han river basin is largest and that of Youngsan river basin is smallest. Also the increase trend becomes stronger with latitude increase and that of East coast is larger than that of South coast since it may be caused by the regional difference of elevation. The increase trend of urban area is larger than that of rural area. Overall trend showed that increase trend becomes stronger with elevation and latitude increase.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.607-613
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• 2021

Background Breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi (eLD) flap can supplement more volume than reconstruction using various local flaps after partial mastectomy, and it is a valuable surgical method since the reconstruction area is not limited. However, when performing reconstruction, the surgeon should consider latissimus dorsi (LD) volume reduction due to postoperative chemotherapy (POCTx) and postoperative radiotherapy (PORTx). To evaluate the effect of POCTx and PORTx on LD volume reduction, the effects of each therapy-both separately and jointly-need to be demonstrated. The present study quantified LD volume reduction in patients who underwent POCTx and PORTx after receiving breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with an eLD flap. Methods This study included 48 patients who received immediate breast reconstruction using an eLD flap from January 2013 to March 2017, had chest computed tomography (CT) 7-10 days after surgery and 10-14 months after radiotherapy completion, and were observed for more than 3 years postoperatively. One surgeon performed the breast reconstruction procedures, and measurements of breast volume were obtained from axial CT views, using a picture archiving and communication system. A P-value <0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance. Results The average volume reduction of LD at 10-14 months after completing POCTx and PORTx was 64.5% (range, 42.8%-81.4%) in comparison to the volume measured 7-10 days after surgery. This change was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, when harvesting an eLD flap, surgeons should anticipate an average LD volume reduction of 64.5% if chemotherapy and radiotherapy are scheduled after BCS with an eLD flap.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1038-1043
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• 2021

Guaranteed seafarer wage payment is essential to ensure a stable supply of seafarers. However, disputes over non-payment of wages to seafarers often occur. In this study, an automatic wage payment system was designed using a blockchain-based smart contract to resolve the problem of seafarers' wage arrears. The designed system consists of an information register, a matching processing unit, a review rating management unit, and wage remittance before deploying smart contracts. The matching process was designed to send an automatic notification to seafarers and shipowners if the sum of the weight of the four variables, namely wages, ship type/fishery, position, and license, exceeded a pre-defined threshold. In addition, a review rating management system, based on a combination of mean and median, was presented to serve as a medium to mutually fulfill the normal working conditions. The smart contract automatically fulfills the labor contract between the parties without an intermediary. This system will naturally resolve problems such as fraudulent advance payment to seafarers, embezzlement by unregistered employment agencies, overdue wages, and forgery of seafarers' books. If this system design is commercialized and institutionally activated, it is expected that stable wages will be guaranteed to seafarers, and in turn, the difficulties in human resources supply will be solved. We plan to test it in a local environment for further developing this system.