• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2011

This study aims to prove the changes, development and social background of Korean male cosmetics over the period of 2000-2010. There were total 574 articles written about male make-up and cosmetics in Chosun Daily, Joongang Daily and Donga Daily, which are the top three Korean local daily newspapers in terms of sales revenue for that period. These articles were analyzed together with social background research from various books and daily newspapers. The analysis of articles was divided into different categories; such as foundation cosmetics, color cosmetics, hair, and the social background. It was found that the articles related to foundation cosmetics were written the most, the articles related to male appearance management were second, articles on other items including how to manage the skin being the least. As for the social background of Korean male cosmetics, first of all, a change in social recognition can be pointed out. The traditional understanding of gender roles has changed, men's appearance management has started to be regarded as a competitive talent, and at the same time, the esthetic viewpoint for men also has changed. One example is the newly made popular term, "flower-handsome man", which shows the new trend of favoring males with nice skin. Second, the expansion of mass culture can be pointed out. As consumers can get information and fashion trends easier and faster, the fashion spreads fast, and this has led to the generalization and popularization of the sense of beauty. Third, the development of scientific technology and medical science can be pointed out. Thanks to the progress in those areas. the extension of youthfulness has become possible and the cosmetics industry was also affected greatly, as shown in the market spread of functional products for anti-ageing and wrinkle control as the interest in anti-ageing has grown. There are benefits from the development of scientific technology, but the problem of environmental pollution has appeared due to machinery and industrialization and thus the issue of well-being has been raised. Rising interest in naturalism, pro-environmentalism and organic cosmetics has influenced the cosmetics industry. In addition, the quantity of ultraviolet rays exposed to our skin has increased due to the air pollution caused by the destruction of environment, leading to increased usage of sun block lotion. Lastly, the influence of consumer society and the expansion of consumerism culture can be pointed out. In the modern society, consumption acts not only as the use of products and services but it also has an important role of mediating individuals with others and the society. The market for male cosmetics has been expanding and the number of men putting on make-up has been increasing rapidly. Therefore, this study is meaningful in that the analysis of the mode of change and the social background are an essential process in order to provide a direction for the future market for male cosmetics.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.27-46
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• 2011

In the intellectual based society of the 21th century, intellectual property of nation and enterprise management has been the key element of nation's competitiveness and development. Therefore in countries like Korea, China, and many other countries, intellectual property of advancement strategy are being constructed and intellectual properties are protected at national level. Top priority task of protecting the intellectual property is to efficiently resolute intellectual property right disputes. Considering the nature of intellectual property right and arbitrage system, arbitration to solve intellectual property disputes is realistically the best method. However, not all cases of them are qualified. In order to relieve the intellectual property disputes through arbitration, qualification must be obtained. During the process, generally and globally, intellectual property right dispute is evaluated by three parts, intellectual property right contract dispute, intellectual property right violation dispute, and intellectual property right validity dispute. Based on UN's "Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards Agreement" in 1958, June 10th, in New York, both arbitrage organization and judgment can be approved in both Korea and China countries. However, as of today, there is a big gap of arbitration qualification between two countries, which can be troublesome if intellectual property right disputes arise. For instance, in Korea, intellectual property right contract disputes and intellectual property right violation disputes are both generally accepted as arbitration qualification. However for intellectual property right validity dispute, arbitration qualification is only accepted for non-registered intellectual property as in copyright entity. It does not apply to other registered intellectual property right as in patents. In China, arbitration qualification is accepted for intellectual property right contract dispute, and also accepted for intellectual property right violation dispute to copyrights but restricted to others. As for intellectual property right validity dispute, arbitration qualification is completely denied. Therefore, when there is an intellectual property right dispute between Korea and China, the biggest problem is whether China will accept arbitrage judgments made in Korea. Theoretically, arbitrage judgement made in Korea should be also accepted in China's court. However, considering the criticism of China's passive nature of arbitration qualification for its own local intellectual property right disputes, it's very unlikely they'll actively accept arbitrary judgment made in foreign countries. Korea and China must have a more open minded approach for intellectual property disputes and arbitration qualification. Base on WTO's Intellectual Property Right Agreement, it's being defined as private right. Therefore, sovereign principle should be the basic principle of solving intellectual property right disputes. Currently, arbitration qualification is expanding internationally. So both Korea and China must also follow the trend expand the arbitration qualification with a more open minded and forward looking approach, for the good of intellectual property disputes.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제62호
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• pp.209-229
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• 2016

이 논문은 동아시아적 사유를 통해 경계의 의미에 대하여 접근함으로써 경계 담론의 외연을 확장하고자 한다. 사람에게는 우선 '나'라는 '자기 경계'가 있다. 그 몸 경계 속에 정신활동의 경계가 있어서 타자를 대상으로 여기거나 대상을 그려낸다. 동아시아 문화권에서 원초적으로 경계는 국경, 강계(疆界)를 가리키는데, 그것은 물론 불교의 공(空)의 세계를 나타내기도 한다. 경계는 동아시아 사유에서 '인간의 의식이 향하는 곳'이라는 의미가 중요하게 자리 잡고 있고, 그것은 정치, 사회, 문화, 예술 방면에 걸친 것이어서 그리 단편적이지도 않다. 사람에게 생명이 있는 한, 참으로 다가가지 않으면 안 되는 '경계'도 있고, 정신적으로는 욕망, 의지, 관념이 빚어내는 경계도 있다. '경계' 의미에는 사람의 사물 인식 체계에 관계되는 것도 있다. 눈, 코, 입, 귀, 신체 등 오감의 인식 과정에 의한 경계도 있다. 그런 경우라면 다분히 불교적인 맥락에 기초한 사물 인식 차원에 관한 접근인데, 그 같은 인식 시스템에서 발생하는 '경계'는 궁극적이거나 바람직하지 않아서 탈피하지 않으면 안 되는 것도 포함되어 있다. 이 같은 점에 유의하여 경계의 의미, 인간의 의식이 불가피하게 만드는 경계, 부정적인 인식의 경계 등을 성찰하면서 우리가 진정으로 만들어야 하거나 탈피하지 않으면 안 되는 경계 문제를 이 논문은 접근한다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제1호
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• pp.371-408
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• 1997

This article is the reserch on actual condition of crime of arson which occurs in Korea and its countermeasures. The the presented problem in this article are that (1) we have generally very low rate concern about the crime of arson contrary to realistic problems of rapid increase of crime of arson (2) as such criminal motives became so diverse as to the economic or criminal purpose unlike characteristic and mental deficiency of old days, and to countermeasure these problems effectively it presentation the necessity of systemantic research. Based on analysis of reality of arson, the tendency of this arson in Korea in the ratio of increase is said to be higher than those in violence crime or general fire rate. and further its rate is far more greater than those of the U.S.A. and Japan. Arson is considered to be a method of using fire as crime and in case of presently residence to be the abject, it is a public offense crime which aqccompany fatality in human life. This is the well It now fact to all of us. And further in order to presentation to the crime of arson, strictness of criminal law (criminal law No, 164 and 169, and fire protection law No. 110 and 111) and classification of arsonist as felony are institutionary reinforced to punish with certainty of possibility, Therefore, as tendency of arson has been increased compared to other nations, it is necessary to supplement strategical policy to bring out overall concerns of the seriousness of risk and damage of arson, which have been resulted from the lack of understanding. In characteristics analysis of crime of arson, (1) It is now reveald that, in the past such crime rate appeared far more within the boundary of town or city areas in the past, presently increased rate of arsons in rural areas are far more than in the town or small city areas, thereby showing characteristics of crime of arson extending nation wide. (2) general timetable of arson shows that night more than day time rate, and reveald that is trait behavior in secrecy.(3) arsonists are usually arrested at site or by victim or report of third person(82,9%).Investigation activities or self surrenders rate only 11.2%. The time span of arrest is normally the same day of arson and at times it takes more than one year to arrest. This reveals its necessity to prepare for long period of time for arrest, (4) age rate of arson is in their thirties mostly as compared to homicide, robbery and adultery, and considerable numbers of arsons are in old age of over fifties. It reveals age rate is increased (5) Over half of the arsonists are below the junior high school (6) the rate of convicts by thier records is based on first offenders primarily and secondly more than 4 time convicts. This apparently shows necessity of effective correctional education policy for their social assimilation together with re-investigation of human education at the primary and secondary education system in thier life. The examples of motivation for arosnits, such as personal animosity, fury, monetary swindle, luscious purpose and other aims of destroying of proof, and other social resistance, violence including ways of threatening, beside the motives of individual defects, are diverse and arsonic suicide and specifically suicidal accompany together keenly manifested. When we take this fact with the criminal theory, it really reveals arsons of crime are increasing and its casualities are serious and a point as a way of suicide is the anomie theory of Durkheim and comensurate with the theory of that of Merton, Specifically in the arson of industrial complex, it is revealed that one with revolutionary motive or revolting motive would do the arsonic act. For the policy of prevention of arsons, professional research work in organizational cooperation for preventive activities is conducted in municipal or city wise functions in the name of Parson Taskforces and beside a variety of research institutes in federal government have been operating effectively to countermeasure in many fields of research. Franch and Sweden beside the U.S. set up a overall operation of fire prevention research funtions and have obtained very successful result. Japan also put their research likewise for countermeasure. In this research as a way of preventive fire policy, first, it is necessary to accomodate the legal preventitive activities for fire prevention in judicial side and as an administrative side, (1) precise statistic management of crime of arson (2) establishment of professional research functions or a corporate (3) improvement of system for cooperative structural team for investigation of fires and menpower organization of professional members. Secondly, social mentality in individual prospect, recognition of fires by arson and youth education of such effect, educational program for development and practical promotion. Thirdly, in view of environmental side, the ways of actual performance by programming with the establishment of cooperative advancement in local social function elements with administrative office, habitants, school facilities and newspapers measures (2) establishment of personal protection where weak menpowers are displayed in special fire prevention measures. These measures are presented for prevention of crime of arson. The control of crime and prevention shall be prepared as a means of self defence by the principle of self responsibility Specifically arsonists usually aims at the comparatively weak control of fire prevention is prevalent and it is therefore necessary to prepare individual facilities with their spontaneous management of fire prevention instead of public municipal funtures of local geverment. As Clifford L. Karchmer asserted instead of concerns about who would commit arson, what portion of area would be the target of the arson. It is effective to minister spontaveously the fire prevention measure in his facility with the consideration of characteristics of arson. On the other hand, it is necessary for the concerned personnel of local goverment and groups to distribute to the local society in timely manner for new information about the fire prevention, thus contribute to effective result of fire prevention result. In consideration of these factors, it is inevitable to never let coincide with the phemonemon of arsons in similar or mimic features as recognized that these could prevail just an epedemic as a strong imitational attitude. In processing of policy to encounter these problems, it is necessary to place priority of city policy to enhancement of overall concerns toward the definitive essense of crime of arson.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.663-672
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• 2014

우리나라와 필리핀을 비롯하여 전 세계적으로 해양생태자원의 중요성을 인식하고 이를 보호하고 보전하기 위하여 해양보호구역을 설정하여 관리하고 있다. 그러나 해양생태자원 보호를 위한 해양보호구역의 수는 늘어난 반면, 대부분의 해양보호구역들이 원래의 설정목적에 맞게 효율적으로 관리되지 못하는 문제점을 안고 있다. 이는 직접적인 이해당사자인 지역주민이나 수산업자들은 해양보호구역의 설정으로 발생하는 긍정적이고 부정적인 영향으로 인하여 해양보호구역의 설정에 찬성과 반대에 대한 논쟁이 지속되고 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 오래전부터 수산자원의 관리와 보존 및 보호를 위해 제정된 1998년 필리핀 수산업법에 의하여 지방정부 하여금 관할해역의 15% 이상을 수산자원보호구역으로 지정하여 관리해 오고 있는 필리핀 기마라스주 해양보호구역 설정에 대한 사례연구를 실시하였다. 이를 위해서 연구 지역인 기마라스주 두 시의 지역주민들을 대상으로 수산자원을 위한 해양서식지의 보호와 보존을 위해 필요한 해양보호구역 설정논쟁에 대한 인식조사와 지불의사금액(WTP)을 추정하기 위하여 이분선택형 조건부가치측정 설문조사를 실시하였다. 새로이 설정될 해양보호구역 내에서의 어로행위 제한으로 예상되는 경제적 손실 때문에, 과반수 이상인 응답자의 58.7%는 손실에 대한 보상이 이루어져야 한다고 응답하였지만, 수산자원의 보호를 위한 관리방안으로 해양보호구역의 증대필요성에 대해서는 91.4%가 찬성하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 조건부가치측정법(CVM)을 통하여 기마라스주 산로렌조시와 시부낙시 전체 지역주민들이 부여하는 해양보호구역(375.5ha)에 대한 평균가치는 $1,046,791달러로 추정되었다. 따라서 이러한 연구결과는 우리나라 해양보호구역의 효율적인 관리방안 수립에 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.