• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.275-287
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• 2022

In order to overcome the small scale of Korea waterworks and to achieve comprehensive improvement and innovation transformation, the waterworks integration was reviewed. The effect of consolidation was confirmed by the integration of the water supply business in the southern Gangwon region and the western Gyeongnam region in Korea, such as an increase in the flow rate and a decrease in the production unit cost. After facing management and service limitations overseas, more than 1,000 small-scale waterworks projects in the UK were integrated into 27 waterworks providers, and Japan also revised the Waterworks Act in December 2019 and is in the process of integrating waterworks. It is considered appropriate to promote the integration of waterworks projects in Korea by respecting the autonomy of local governments, but using a participatory method, a win-win method, and a linkage method. For the integration of waterworks projects, three strategies are proposed: First creating a national foundation for integration (revision of the Waterworks Act), Second establishing a waterworks integration strategy led by local governments, Third forming an external consensus and providing incentives for participation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.286-287
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• 2012

Reset-first resistive switching mechanism based on reduction reaction in HfO2-x with oxygen drift-diffusion was studied. we first report that the indirect evidence of local filamentary conductive path formation in bulk HfO2 film with local TiOx region at Ti top electrode formed during forming process and presence of anion-migration at interface between electrode and HfO2 during resistive switching through high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron disperse x-ray (EDX), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping. Based on forming process mechanism, we expected that redox reaction from Ti/HfO2 to TiOx/HfO2-x was responsible for an increase of initial current with increasing the post-annealing process. First-reset resistive switching in above $350^{\circ}C$ annealed Ti/HfO2 film was exhibited and the redox phenomenon from Ti/HfO2 to TiOx/HfO2-x was observed with high angle annular dark field (HAADF) - scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), EDX and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Therefore, we demonstrated that the migration of oxygen ions at interface region under external electrical bias contributed to bipolar resistive switching behavior.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.642-659
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• 2012

The main aim of this article is to examine theoretical issues on the 'global-local connectivity' of regional industrial cluster and regional innovation system which have been presented since the 2000s in terms of three different aspects. Firstly, the concept of 'geographical proximity' is discussed within the context of its importance for the regional industrial development by considering relationships of cluster, local buzz and global pipeline. Secondly, concepts on knowledge gatekeeper and temporary cluster are explored with respect to their role of a mediator in forming or transforming global-local connectivity. Finally, policy implications of the global-local connection are presented. Authors arguments are as follows; firstly, in order to improve regional industrial cluster on the basis of geographical proximity, relational proximity which is beyond different spatial scales has to be secured. It means that geographical convenience and inconvenience are required simultaneously for regional industrial development. Secondly, A base of the global-local connectivity is socal capital and embeddedness. Therefore, it needs to understand that relational proximity is embedded into different culture and habit at different spatial scales. Finally, within the context of the global-local connectivity, in order to overcome spatial hierarchy by the division of labor of firms, it needs to consider the complex system which is composed of vertical and horizontal hierarchy by the spatial division of labor by firms, openness and closeness of clusters, and the scope of policies' inclusion and exclusion by central and local governments.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2011

Nondestructive instrumented indentation test is the method to evaluate the mechanical properties by analyzing load - displacement curve when forming indentation on the surface of the specimen within hundreds of micro-indentation depth. Resistance spot welded samples are known to difficult to measure the local mechanical properties due to the combination of microstructural changes with heat input. Particularly, more difficulties arise to evaluate local mechanical properties of resistance spot welds because of having narrow HAZ, as well as dramatic changed in microstructure and hardness properties across the welds. In this study, evaluation of the local mechanical properties of resistance spot welds was carried out using the characterization of Instrumented Indentation testing. Resistance spot welding were performed for 590MPa DP (Dual Phase) steels and 780MPa TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels following ISO 18278-2 condition. Mechanical properties of base metal using tensile test and Instrumented Indentation test showed similar results. Also it is possible to measure local mechanical properties of the center of fusion zone, edge of fusion zone, HAZ and base metal regions by using instrumented indentation test. Therefore, measurement of local mechanical properties using instrumented indentation test is efficient, reliable and relatively simple technique to evaluate the tensile strength, yield strength and hardening exponent.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.4
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• pp.589-596
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• 2002

Tn the data transmission service of the mobile host, it is needed to reduce the bandwidth and to make a reliable error recovery. there are two appropriate methods in that. One is FEC which retransmits the parity of error recovery, in case of happening of the loss after forming the parity of error recovery by grouping original data. The other is local recovery based on server which can block the implosion of transmission. The use of FEC and local recovery based on server at the same time enables the reliable multicast. This paper suggests algorithm that recovers the loss by FEC and local recovery based on server through the solution of the problems about triangle routing, tunnel convergence by dividing mobile host into two parts-the sender and the receiver. This model about the loss of algorithm tested the efficiency of performance by the homogeneous independent loss, the heterogeneous independent loss, the shared source link loss model. The suggested algorithm confirms effectiveness in the environment where there are much data and many receivers in mobile host.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.633-642
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• 2022

This is conducted with the aim of critical discussions on existing arguments, focusing on the establishment of a higher lifelong learning ecosystem. First, this study discusses the characteristics of university education in Korea and the discourse on the crisis of local universities. Second, the arguments on the establishment of lifelong learning society and a lifelong learning system. Third, the arguments for the establishment of a higher lifelong learning ecosystem are reviewed and practical measures for this are critically discussed. The conclusion is as follows. Measures for the establishment of a higher lifelong learning ecosystem have been discussed in considerable detail, and through this, the possibility of overcoming the crisis of local universities and balanced regional development is sufficient. However, first, the university should play a central role, but this study questions whether university reform could be achieved to suit it. Second, in order to overcome the crisis, national responsibility, responsibility, and continuous support are required. On the other hand, it raised questions about whether cooperation from the current Korean government authorities is possible. Third, local communities should also achieve governance and participate in democratic ways, raising questions about whether a foundation-forming strategy for stakeholder consensus is established.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-38
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• 1990

The purpose of this thesis is, first to present the spatial division of labor in Korea and its mechanism, and second, to elucidate the organic integral relation between local labor market and local community by studing the mechanism that the spatial division of labor is projected into the individual lacal labor marker, and reproduction of labor force process in this local labor market. According to this purpose, the theoretical frame of this analysis is done, the positive analysis is made and Kumi is choosed as its analysis case area. The main data is from 'Survey Report on Manufacturing Idustry Wage Conditions' published by Minimum Wage Council, Ministry of Labour and from the questionnaires and interview on textile industry and electric electronics industry firms in Kumi Export Industrial Estate. The following are the results of this study. 1. The mechanism of spatial division of labor in Korea, seen through the employment structure index, is accelerating the regional discrimination by fixing the regional hierarchisation between Seoul (or Seoul Metropolitan Area as expanded Seoul) and other areas. But it is also developing highly the regional employment structure at the level of technical division of labor, since the spatial division of labor in Korea is leaded by large firms and influenced by the policy for regional development. 2. Local labor market is formed in Kumi area and its delimitation is Kumi city. The employment structure of Kumi local labor market is occupying lower hierarchy division at management hierachical level and occupying upper hierarchy division at the level of technical division of labor, and brand plants of large firs are determinating and dominating this emplogment structure. These bdranch plants of large firs are forming more favorable and stabel labor marker than locally controlled ploants in Kumi local labor market. But the reproduction of labor force process in Kumi local labor market is not fully carried out and leaked into central city, therefore Kumi is now becoming an unstable local community, suffering from large movement of population. This is because Kumi local labor market is found not for itself, but by the state policy and externally controlled plants of large firms, and therefore no potentiality to control and to absorb the exterior influences is built in Kumi local labor market. 3. The case firms A, B have spatial division of labor between decision-making function and production function, and between upper management hierachical labor force and lower management hierachical labor force in internal labor market.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.969-980
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• 2017

Galloping is one of the most serious vibration problems in transmission lines. Power lines can be extensively damaged owing to aerodynamic instabilities caused by ice accretion. In this study, the accident probability induced by galloping phenomenon was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. As former studies have generally concluded, main factors considered were local weather factors and physical factors of power delivery systems. Since the number of transmission towers outnumbers the number of weather observatories, interpolation of weather factors, Kriging to be more specific, has been conducted in prior to forming galloping accident estimation model. Physical factors have been provided by Korea Electric Power Corporation, however because of the large number of explanatory variables, variable selection has been conducted, leaving total 11 variables. Before forming estimation model, with 84 provided galloping cases, 840 non-galloped cases were chosen out of 13 billion cases. Prediction model for accidents by galloping has been formed with logistic regression model and validated with 4-fold validation method, corresponding AUC value of ROC curve has been used to assess the discrimination level of estimation models. As the result, logistic regression analysis effectively discriminated the power lines that experienced galloping accidents from those that did not.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.31.2-31.2
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• 2015

We present a near-infrared photometric and polarimetric catalog of sources in the $39^{\prime}{\times}69^{\prime}$ fields on the northeastern part of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which was observed using SIRPOL, an imaging polarimeter of the Infrared Survey Facility (IRSF). This catalog contains 1,858 sources brighter than 14 mag at H band with polarization signal-to-noise ratio greater than 3 in at least one of J, H, and Ks bands. We examined the polarization structures around the star-forming regions, where coherent polarization position angle distributions are seen. We also estimated magnetic field strengths in some selected fields using Chandrasekhar and Fermi analysis. The magnetic field strengths are estimated to be $3{\sim}25{\mu}G$. The wavelength dependence of polarization degrees indicates that the polarization is most likely to be originated from dichroic extinctions by the local interstellar dusts in the LMC. We found that the polarization patterns are well aligned along the molecular clouds around star-forming regions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.448-456
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• 1999

Variations of thickness and effective thermal conductivity of frost forming on the horizontal] cylinder with respect to time were measured under cross flow. The local heat flux around the cylinder was determined by measuring the radial temperature distribution in the cylinder having small holes drilled axially in which T-type thermocouples were inserted, then by using one dimensional cylindrical heat conduction equation. The thickness and the surface temperature of the frost layer around the cylinder were measured periodically while developing the frost. Each experiment was peformed by varying the Reynolds number, the temperature, and the humidity condition. Specially the dew point temperature of the most cases was below the freezing point. Experimental data showed that the frost layers on the front and the rear surface were thicker than those on the top and the bottom one which was near the separation point. The thickness and effective thermal conductivity of the frost layer were affected by inlet air velocity, temperature, and humidity. Moreover, the effective thermal conductivity and the effective thermal resistance increase with respect to time.