• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 1997

The instantaneous flame temperature and soot formation and oxidation in a D. I. diesel engine are measured by using a two-color method. The proposed method based on the continuous spectral radiation from the soot particles in flames is applicable to industrial diesel engines without major modifications of their main characteristics. Measurements are performed at one location inside the combustion chamber of a D.I. diesel engine. Effects of different engine speeds and loads on flame temperature and KL factor which is an index of soot concentrations were examined. A little temperature change were observed with increasing engine speed, while increased with loads. The higher the flame temperature is, the lower the KL factor is.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1846-1863
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• 2016

High dynamic range (HDR) images can present the perfect real scene and rich color information. A commonly encountered problem in practical applications is how to well visualize HDR images on standard display devices. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale decomposition method using guided filtering for HDR image tone mapping. In our algorithm, HDR images are directly decomposed into three layers：base layer, coarse scale detail layer and fine detail layer. We propose an effective function to compress the base layer and the coarse scale detail layer. An adaptive function is also proposed for detail adjustment. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively accomplishes dynamic range compression and maintains good global contrast as well as local contrast. It also presents more image details and keeps high color saturation.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.77.1-77.1
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• 2011

The sizes of galaxies are correlated with their masses or luminosities, which is known as the 'mass-size relation' or 'luminosity-size relation'. Those relations show scatters in the sense that the sizes of galaxies range somewhat widely at given mass or luminosity, which is largely affected by the morphologies or colors of the sample galaxies. However, the scatters of the relations are still large even when the galaxy sample is limited to red early-type galaxies: at fixed mass or luminosity, the largest red early-type galaxies are larger than the smallest red early-type galaxies by a factor of 4 - 5. This is a progress report of a study on what determines the sizes of red early-type galaxies. We investigate how the sizes of red early-type galaxies depend on several quantities of them, such as color, color gradient, axis ratio, local number density and mass-to-light ratio. The physical implication of those preliminary results is discussed.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2011

The memory compression algorithm CCC-LCP (color-count-controlled local color palette) reduces flicker in the liquid crystal display (LCD) overdrive. Its compression ratio is 1:5.4 for 10-bit images, with a 33 dB PSNR peak signal-to-noise ratio and with five times flicker reduction compared with the block truncation coding. The authors' two-alternative forced choice subjective tests proposed two new soundness properties, the 'CMP harmlessness' and 'OD non-lost (or OD liveliness)', to clarify the functional interaction between the overdrive functionality OD and the compression functionality CMP. The tests verified that CCC-LCP is practically applicable (at a 1.2H viewing distance threshold) for 42" 37-ppi WXGA TVs.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.108-113
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• 2018

In this study, we introduce a new image gradient computation based on understanding of image generation. Most images consist of groups of pixels with similar color information because the images are generally obtained by taking a picture of the real world. The general gradient operator for an image compares only the neighboring pixels and cannot obtain information about a wide area, and there is a risk of falling into a local minimum problem. Therefore, it is necessary to attempt to introduce the gradient operator of the interval concept. We present a bow-tie gradient by color values of pixels on bow-tie region of a given pixel. To confirm the superiority of our study, we applied our bow-tie gradient to image segmentation algorithms for various images.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.36.1-36.1
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• 2018

Star formation activity of galaxies, along with color and morphology, show significant environmental dependence in local universe, where galaxies in dense environment tend to be more quiescent and redder. However, many studies show that such environmental dependence does not continue at higher redshifts beyond z~1. The question of how the environmental dependence of galactic properties have developed over time is crucial to understanding cosmic galactic evolution. By combining data from Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey(CFHTLS), Infrared Medium-Deep Survey(IMS), and other surveys, the photometric redshifts of galaxies in CFHTLS W2 field were estimated by fitting spectral energy distribution. The distribution of galaxies was mapped in redshift bins of 0.05 interval from 0.6 to 1.4. For each redshift bin, the number density was mapped. The galaxies in high density regions were grouped into clusters using friend-of-friend method. The color of galaxies were analyzed to study the correlation with redshift as well as environmental difference between field galaxies and cluster member galaxies.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.154-161
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• 2020

This paper presented the basics of using a sorting system to reduce human effort and increase accuracy. The proposed system has consisted of a camera, motors, and a Raspberry Pi. This system can classify the apples as immature, mature, ripe condtion, and etc. In this experiment, 100 apples were randomly selected by purchasing various apples from a local market. The accuracy percentage was 95% and processing time was about 8 seconds per each apple. The proposed system could be useful to reduce labor.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.146-159
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• 2023

This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm combining K-means clustering and watershed algorithms for flower segmentation and counting. We use the K-means clustering algorithm to obtain the main colors in a complex background according to the cluster centers and then take a color space transformation to extract pixel values for the hue, saturation, and value of flower color. Next, we apply the threshold segmentation technique to segment flowers precisely and obtain the binary image of flowers. Based on this, we take the Euclidean distance transformation to obtain the distance map and apply it to find the local maxima of the connected components. Afterward, the proposed algorithm adaptively determines a minimum distance between each peak and apply it to label connected components using the watershed segmentation with eight-connectivity. On a dataset of 30 images, the test results reveal that the proposed method is more efficient and precise for the counting of overlapped flowers ignoring the degree of overlap, number of overlap, and relatively irregular shape.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the present conditions of illumination techniques in dental laboratories in order to distinguish colors for esthetic dentistry. Materials and Methods: A total of forty-eight local dental laboratories were selected for sampling a) luminous intensity and b) color temperature. We measured the luminous intensity and the color temperature on a center point of porcelain table with lux meter and color meter respectively. The measurements were performed twice, once on a clear day and on a cloudy day between 12 pm and 2 pm (day light and artificial illumination) and between 7 pm and 10 pm (artificial illumination only). Results: The results obtained were as follows. 1. The average luminous intensity in dental laboratories lighting was 1871 lx, and 67% of dental laboratories had luminous intensity greater than 1600 lx, which was appropriate for operations related to colors, while 33% of dental laboratories had in sufficient lighting for appropriate luminous intensity. 2. The average color temperature in dental laboratories lighting was 6506 K, which was inappropriate for operations related to color. None of the dental laboratories had a color temperature range of 5000 - 5500 K, which is appropriate for operations related to colors. 3. Between daytime and nighttime, also between clear day and cloudy day, the average luminous intensity and color temperature in dental laboratories were not significantly different. Conclusion: Illumination in most dental laboratories selected in this study was inappropriate for operations related to color.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.740-745
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• 2003

Motion tracking and object segmentation are the most fundamental and critical problems in vision tasks suck as motion analysis. An active contour model, snake, was developed as a useful segmenting and tracking tool for rigid or non-rigid objects. Snake is designed no the basis of snake energies. Segmenting and tracking can be executed successfully by energy minimization. In this research, two new paradigms for segmentation and tracking are suggested. First, because the conventional method uses only intensity information, it is difficult to separate an object from its complex background. Therefore, a new energy and design schemes should be proposed for the better segmentation of objects. Second, conventional snake can be applied in situations where the change between images is small. If a fast moving object exists in successive images, conventional snake will not operate well because the moving object may have large differences in its position or shape, between successive images. Snakes's nodes may also fall into the local minima in their motion to the new positions of the target object in the succeeding image. For robust tracking, the condensation algorithm was adopted to control the parameters of the proposed snake model called "adaptive color snake model(SCSM)". The effectiveness of the ACSM is verified by appropriate simulations and experiments.