• Title/Summary/Keyword: Load density

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The Effect of Refining Load on the Paper Properties (고해부하가 종이의 물성에 미치는 영향)

  • 김용식;원종명
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.38-44
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    • 2001
  • The effects of refining load on the paper properties were investigated. HwBKP, SwBKP and SwUKP were refined with PFI mill at the load of 3.33 N/mm and 6.00 N/mm. Higher Scott bond was obtained at the higher refining load for three pulp used in this study. However any changes in the light scattering coefficient with the change of refining load were not observed. Although the effect of refining load on the formation index for SwUKP was not observed, higher refining load gave the better formation for HwBKP and SwBKP. The fiber mass and fiber crowding factor were not affected by the refining load. Higher apparent density and tensile index were obtained with the higher refining load. However, the higher refining load did not improve the tensile index at the same apparent density. The tear index was decreased with the increase of refining load.

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Development of Program for prediction of Mid-long term Load density in region and district respectively. (지역별,관리구별 중장기 부하밀도 예측 프로그램의 개발)

  • Choi, Sang-Bong;Kim, Dae-Kyeong;Jeong, Seong-Hwan;Bae, Jeong-Hyo;Ha, Tae-Hyun;Lee, Hyun-Goo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2000.07a
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    • pp.307-309
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    • 2000
  • This paper presents development of program for mid-tong term load forecasting in region and district respectively. In this program, at first, the region is classified by KEPCO branch which can be analyzed in light of curl·elation between load characteristics and economic indicator and then, prediction for load density in each region was performed by scenario of economic, population and city plan. Secondly, prediction for load density in each district is performed by methodology which is based on land use method. Finally efficiency for prediction work in each KEPCO branch could be identified by applying the developed program to the Seoul city in real.

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A Study on Artificial Wheel Load Generation Method Using PSD Analysis (PSD 함수를 이용한 인공윤하중의 생성기법에 대한 연구)

  • Cho, Kwang-Il;Choi, Moon-Seock;Lim, Ji-Young;Kim, Sang-Hyo
    • Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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    • 2008.04a
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    • pp.184-189
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    • 2008
  • In this study, an artificial wheel load generation method is proposed to assist practical engineers performing dynamic analysis with simple procedure. To generate an artificial wheel loads from running vehicle, PSD(Power Spectrum Density) profiles of actual wheel load were sampled in terms of various road roughnesses. A detailed truck and bridge models were used for sampling actual wheel load to represent the real motion of moving vehicle. These wheel load profiles were simplified for the artificial wheel load. The simplification of actual wheel load profiles was performed by regression analysis. The result showed that the artificial wheel load well represents the real profiles of wheel load.

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Observation and Analysis of the Acumulted Sit Foundation (하성퇴적층지반 조사결과)

  • 김주범
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.3611-3616
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    • 1974
  • Alluvial plain of the coast of Kum river tail were found as being mostly consisted of weak foundation. The settlement of the ground, density and change of moisture content which were formed by the load due the construction of earth works were disclossed by the field investigations and laboratory tests. The results are as follow, 1) Banking materials are SM and soft soil stratum is CL. 2) Field moisture content; Wf=19-1.37c c; percentage of clay (less than 0.005mm) 3) optimum water content and maximum density of banking materials; rt=2.15$\mid$0.0165W(12%24%) 4) Density and moisture coutent of banking materials; rt=2.146-0.0095W (8%50%) 5) Density and moisture content of weak foundation; rt=2.06-0. 007W After construction (20%50%) Befor construction (40%60%) 6) Load and settlement of weak foundation; Everage settlement ratio; 12% of actual load p Maximum settlement ratio; 19% of actual load p Minimum settlement ratio: 5% of actual load p 7) Relation of cohesion and unconfined compression test value; c=1/2qu (qu<0.5kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) c=1/3qu (qu<0.5kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$)

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Determination of Focused Control Pollutant Source by Analysis of Pollutant Delivery Characteristics in Unit Watershed Upper Paldang Lake (팔당호 상류의 단위유역별 오염물질 유출특성 분석을 통한 중점관리 오염원 선정)

  • Kim, Dong Woo;Jang, Mi Jeong;Han, Ihn Sup
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.367-377
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    • 2014
  • Paldang lake which is the most important water resource in Korea is classified as a stream type reservoir and water quality of Paldang lake can be significantly influenced by external pollutant source. So this study was aimed to determine focused control BOD and TP sources of each unit watershed upper Paldang lake through analysis of pollutant source distribution and pollutant runoff characteristics. Generated load, discharge load, delivery load and each load density of 11 unit watersheds upper Paldang lake were calculated using data of water quality and flow rate from pollutant sources and 74 small streams. As a result of generated load, discharge load and delivery load of BOD and TP from pollutant sources, the most BOD generated load was taken by livestock with 66% of total BOD discharge load and domestic had the most BOD discharge load, 42.7%. The ratio of delivery load of livestock and domestic was 36.4% and 34.3%, respectively. Livestock occupied high ratio of TP generated load, discharge load and delivery load with 82.5%, 44.4% and 46.7%, respectively. Gyeongan watershed which had high population density showed the highest BOD delivery load density of $14.6kg/km^2/d$ and the highest TP delivery load density with $1.23kg/km^2/d$ was analyzed in Cheongmi watershed including the biggest number of livestock. From these results, management of domestic sewer and livestock excrement was determined as a focused control pollutant source. And intensive management about domestic sewer in Gyeongan stream and livestock excrement in Cheongmi stream is required for water quality improvement of Paldang lake.

Behavior of Model Sheet Piles under Vertical Loads (수직하중을 받는 모형 강널말뚝의 거동)

  • 윤여원;김두균
    • Geotechnical Engineering
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.5-16
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    • 1998
  • In order to study the behavior of the sheet pile under vertical load in sands, model pile tests using calibration chamber are performed. For this research, five model piles, with the same section area and different degree of inclination of flange, were made. And model pile tests were conducted for each of these piles with different relative density and direction of applied load. For model pile which has the same shape, compression capacity is about 100% higher than pullout capacity and the difference increases with increasing relative density. Pullout ultimate capacity and corresponding displacement increase with increasing relative density and the pullout capacities remained almost the same irrespective of the inclination of flanges for the same density. The ultimate capacity under compression load is highest at 30$^{\circ}$ of inclination of flanges and the trend is more evident with increasing relative density. From the analysis of load distribution, the higher loading capacity at 30$^{\circ}$ of inclination of flanges with same section area may be attributed to the partial soil plug between flanges.

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Experimental Research of Change in Magnetic Flux Density Due to Load for Measuring KI (응력확대계수측정을 위한 하중에 의한 자속밀도변화의 실험적 연구)

  • Lee, Jeong-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.129-132
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    • 2004
  • In order to determine the effective way of measuring the Mode I stress intensity factor, $K_I$, by means of the alternating current potential drop(ACPD) technique for a material containing a two-dimensional surface crack, the change in magnetic flux density above the cracked specimen surface was studied experimentally. The change in magnetic flux in the air above the cracked specimen made of aluminum alloy is measured by changing the load by four-point bending. The magnetic flux in the air is almost not changed by increasing the load in teh specimen. The change in potential drop due to load is not caused by the change in electro-motive force induced in the coiled measuring system. This experimental result agree to the result of theoretical analysis in reference 7).

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Optimization of Kiln Process Parameters of Low-Temperature Sintering Lightweight Aggregate by Response Surface Analysis (반응표면분석법에 따른 저온소성 경량골재의 킬른공정변수 최적화)

  • Lee, Han-Baek;Seo, Chee-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.365-372
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    • 2010
  • This paper was to evaluate the influence of kiln process parameter(kiln angle, kiln rotating speed) of lightweight aggregate using waste glass and bottom ash with industrial by-products on thermal conductivity, density, water absorption, fracture load and porosity by response surface analysis. In the results of surface plot and contour plot, it has verified that kiln residence time of lightweight aggregate increase as kiln angle and rotating speed decreases. For this reason, pore size and quantity tend to increase by active reaction of forming agent. It seems to be that increase in pore size and quantity have caused decreasing density, fracture load and thermal conductivity, and increasing water absorption. In conclusion, optimization of kiln process parameter on thermal conductivity, density, water absorption, fracture load and porosity by response surface analysis are kiln angle 2.4646%, kiln rotating speed 40.7089 rpm.

Statistical Analysis of Longitudinal Load Effects in Girder Bridges (거더교량의 종방향 하중효과의 확률론적 분석)

  • Oh, Byung-Hwan;Lew, Young;Choi, Young-Chul;Lee, Jun-Hyuk;Kim, Kwang-Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.865-870
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    • 2001
  • An effective live load model for analyzing probable maximum live load effects in longitudinal direction such as moment and shear was developed. The main procedure of this live load model is composed of two parts. Firstly, determination of the appropriate influence lines, and secondly, application of the characteristics of vehicles and traffic patterns. Through this procedure, probabilistic distributions of maximum probable load effects are deduced in the form of probability density function (PDF) or cumulative density function (CDF). The proposed live load model is not limited by bridge types(number of spans or girders) and can consider local or global deterioration of bridges in the analysis. Besides, load effects can be determined at any section without restrictions.

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Determination of Interception Flow by Pollution Load Budget Analysis in Combined Sewer Watershed - Analysis of Pollution Load Budget in Watershed - (오염부하 물질수지 분석을 통한 합류식 하수관거 적정 차집용량 결정(I) -오염부하 물질수지 분석-)

  • Lee, Doojin;Kim, Juwhan;Woo, Hyungmin;Ahn, Hyowon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.547-556
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    • 2005
  • The objective of this study is to obtain adequate intercepting flow during wet weather conditions in combined sewer system. Two study sites are selected under considering different population density, one is developed area with heavy urbanization. Another is recently developing area. In the analysis of field investigation, SS was most significant in initial flushing effects compared with other factors and showed the result with the order of COD, TP, TN. As compared with event mean concentration(EMC) of runoff, BOD, TN and TP showed high concentrations in wide area with relatively large population density. It is by the reason that much pollution load was discharged to receiving water from urbanized area during wet period. According to results of storm-water modeling, 53% of total COD and 52% of total SS pollution load were discharged to receiving water by overflow than intercepting capacity in middle population density site. Also, in the urbanized area, pollution load was discharged to receiving water by 49% of total COD and 77% of total SS. These results can be applied to setup for pollution load flow(budget) generation, collection, treatment and discharging in order to obtain adequate intercepting flow.