• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.145-155
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• 2000

지반과 구조물을 일체화시키는데 사용하는 앵커는 앵커체와 지반의 마찰력에 의해서 구조물을 지지하는 역할을 하며 앵커의 하중과 변형의 관계를 규명하기 위해서는 앵커의 마찰력 분포의 변화(하중전이)가 중요한 요소가 된다. 하중 재하시 앵커체에 발생하는 하중전이 분포는 앵커의 인발 지지력과 밀접한 관계가 있고 정착장의길이, 지반 조건 등에 따라 분포 양상이 변하기 때문에 하중 정이를 이해하기 위해서는 강선과 그라우트의 하중분포 그리로 앵커 그라우트체와 지반과의 마착력 분포를 알아야 한다. 본 연구는 미국 Texax A&M University의 점성토지반에 계측기가 장착된 10개의 그라운드 앵커를 설치하여 인발시험을 수행하였다. 앵커의 자유장 강선에 작용하는 응력, 그라우트체에 작용하는 응력, 그리고 정착장 강선의 응력을 계측하여 강선과 그라우트의 정착응력 및 그라우트와 지반에서의 마찰력 분포를 구함으로써 강선-그라우트-지반의 복합적인 거동에 따른 각 하중 단계마다의 하중전이를 얻어냈다. 또한 현장시험 결과의 역해석을 통하여 강선과 그라우트 사이의 하중과 변위의 관계와 그라우트와 지반의 하중-변위 관계를 분석하여 그라운드 앵커의 인발 특성을 예측 할 수 있는 수치해석 기법을 모델링하여 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2001

풍화토 지반에 설치된 그라운드 앵커의 하중전이 현상을 규명하기 위하여 성균관대학교 지반시험장에서 인발시험을 수행하였다. 지반과 구조물을 일체화시키는데 사용하는 앵커는 앵커체와 지반의 마찰력에 의해서 구조물을 지지하는 역할을 하며 앵커의 하중과 변형의 관계를 규명하기 위해서는 앵커의 마찰력 분포의 변화(하중전이)가 중요한 요소가 된다. 하중 재하시 앵커체에 발생하는 하중전이 분포는 앵커의 인발 지지력과 밀접한 관계가 있고 앵커체의 종류(인장형 또는 압축형), 정착장의 길이, 지반 조건 등에 따라 분포 양상이 변하기 때문에 하중전이를 이해하기 위해서는 강선과 그라우트의 하중분포 그리고 앵커 그라우트체와 지반과의 마찰력 분포를 알아야 한다. 앵커의 자유장의 강선에 작용하는 응력, 그라우트체에 작용하는 응력, 그리고 정착장 강선의 응력을 계측하여 강선과 그라우트의 정착응력 및 그라우트와 지반에서의 마찰력 분포를 구함으로써 강선-그라우트-지반의 복합적인 거동에 따른 각 하중 단계마다의 하중전이 분포를 구하였다. 또한 현장시험 결과의 신뢰성 확보를 위하여 수치해석 모델링을 통하여 해석을 수행하여 비교하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

While the study of the shallow tunnel has been mainly on the longitudinal load transfer and horizontal surface conditions, the study of the ground behavior of shallow tunnel under the slope is not sufficient. Therefore, in this study on the ground behavior around a tunnel due to the sidewall deformation of shallow tunnel under the slope that is excavated in longitudinal direction, a scale-down model test has been performed. The model tunnel has the dimension of 320 mm wide, 210 mm high and 55 mm long with enough material strength in aluminum and the model ground has the uniform ground conditions by 3 types of carbon rods. The model test has been performed with the variables of slopes and the cover depths by controlling the tunnel sidewall deformation, and the change of sidewall-load, load transfer, ground subsidence was monitored and analyzed. According to the increase of the slope, the maximum ground subsidence increased by 20~39% compared to the horizontal surface. The load ratio increased by maximum 20% in the tunnel crown and decreased in sidewall according to the surface slope. The load transfer shows maximum 128% of increase at the cover depth of 1.0D, while at the 1.5D cover depth it shows non-critical difference from horizontal surface. The slope has major effects on load transfer at the cover depth of 1.0D.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2003

This study is focused on the finding out load transfer mechanism in the ground near the tunnel during tunnel excavation in the jointed sandy ground. Laboratory model tests were performed on various cases of the overburden heights above tunnel crown, location, and degree of discontinuity planes. For model tests, a movable plate was installed in the midst of the bottom of sandy ground. This plate, moving downwards, was intended to model the stress relaxation during tunnel excavation. The load transfer was measured at the fixed separated bottom plates adjacent to the movable plate. As the result, the loosening zone and the load-transfer form around the tunnelling site were affected by the overburden height and the characteristics of discontinuous planes. And large loosening zone was developed along the discontinuous planes which were close to the tunnel.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.1123-1134
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• 2020

The goal of this study was to develop an accelerated life test for an implement working pump for an agricultural tractor. The field experiments were conducted to measure the load of an implement working pump during major agricultural operations such as plow tillage, rotary tillage, baler operations, and wrapping operations. The measurement system for an implement working pump load was constructed using a pressure sensor, the engine rotational speed, and the hitch pump displacement. The measured implement working pump load was calculated as an equivalent load for each agricultural operation using the Palmgren-Miner rule, which is a cumulative damage method. The equivalent load was calculated using the total load data and peak load data when the total data included the operation of an implement working. The annual usage time of the agricultural tractor was applied to develop two integrated equivalent loads. The acceleration factor was calculated to develop an accelerated life test and was calculated from the two integrated equivalent loads, the maximum pressure, and the flow rate conditions of the hitch pump. In Korea, the warranty life of a tractor is 2,736 hours, and the time required for the test to guarantee the operational life of tractors was calculated as 7,561 hours. The acceleration factors were calculated as 453.6 and 38.3, respectively, from the total load data and peak load data. The fatigue test time can be shortened by 16.7 and 197.4 hours according to the result of the acceleration factors.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.113-122
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• 2006

Although a number of static pile load tests have been performed in this country, re-consideration on the interpretation and loading method is needed, because of their less usefulness in practice. For this study, a static loading testing was performed for a long instrumented PHC pile, which was installed in sand layer overlying thick soft clay. The shaft resistance of the pile had been monitored for a long time after installation, and then the static load testing was performed by the quick load test, unlike the recent Korean practice. Using the measured data, the elastic modulus of pile, residual stress and true resistance on the pile were determined. In the event, it was found that the residual stress on the pile, which remained prior to the static loading, significantly affects the shaft and toe resistances. Also, it was realized that the setup effect for the long pile is significant.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2015

Recently, Stirling engines are emerging as a key device for power conversion of renewable energy or waste energy. This study develops a LTDSE(Low Temperature Differential Stirling Engine) using a water spray for higher heat transfer and performs load performance tests for various flow rates and temperatures of hot water spray for variable engine loads emulated by a mechanical friction device. Internal temperature and pressure, working frequency and inlet and outlet temperature of the supply water are measured. As a result, the increases in flow rate and temperature of hot water respectively enhance the power output, efficiency and the working frequency, while the increasing engine load leads to decreases in working frequency but increases in the pressure amplitude. Eventually, it is revealed there exists a maximum shaft power of the test engine.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2002

In this study, the influence of the presence of discontinuity planes on the load transfer mechanism and the pattern of loosening zone was studied based on the laboratory test. The trap-door and the reaction plates are installed as the bottom plane of the model box. The vertical discontinuity plane is installed in the dry sand. Various overburden heights and locations of discontinuity planes are applied as major factors in this study. The results show that at higher overburden heights over about 1.5 times the excavation width, the ratio of the transferred stress to the insitu stress converges to a certain value even if the overburden height increases further. The results also show that the discontinuity plane gives relatively larger influence on the load transfer mechanism, that produces the unsymmetrical load concentration, when the discontinuity plane locates within the tunnel width. When the discontinuity plane locates outside the tunnel width, the unsymmetrical load concentration is reduced considerably.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2016

RCAR low speed impact test estimates repair cost of the impacted vehicle. In this study, for a mid-size vehicle front body model, structural performance for RCAR low speed impact were analyzed with changing the bumper stay shape and size. First, for improving the impact load transfer mechanism to side member the stay rear section shape at connecting area with side member was modified and the stay outer was redesigned to be normal to the barrier. Next, the investigation on stay thickness effect was carried out and the performances of several models with different forming shape were compared. The final design showed 13mm decrease in the maximum barrier intrusion distance and greatly reduced side member deformation. Additional analyses explained the validity of the final design.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.295-298
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• 2005

In General, post-installed dowel bars are used as a shear connector to ensure the composite actions between new slabs and existing slabs in an apartment remodelling constructions expecially for enlarging the interior space outward the existing buildings. But, it has not been checked that the connection performance between existing and new slab is satisfactory not only for the structural safety condition but also the for serviceability and dwelling requirements. In this research, an experimental works were presented to evaluate the load transfer capacity for the planar joints between existing and new slab. The existing slabs were obtained from the existing apartment housing which will be demolished. Test results showed that the planar joints with post-installed dowel bars behaved in full composite modes until ultimate capacity of test specimens, so sufficient ultimate and serviceability performance are confirmed.