• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1998

Hwabyung is a common emotional disorder which has symptoms expressed like firt's explosion in middle-aged after long period of emotional suppression among Koreans. It is similar in its characteristics such as neurosis, anxiety, panic attacks in Western Medicine, though the treatment method was not effective. So we have done a clinical research on Oriental Medical Method, especially on Acupuncture Therapy, and obtained following results. 1. Patients with Hwabyung complained of pressure pain around the Chunjung(?中, CV-17) point distinctively. About 70% of those were located on the CV-17 point, 25% were 1cm upper than the CV-17 point and 5% of those were 1cm lower point than the CV-17 point. 2. Degrees of pressure pain were divided into 5 grades from ade 1(feeling pain with slight pressure) to grade 5(feeling no pain with severe pressure), respectively. 3. Patients with Hwabyung showed various symptoms compared to fire's explosion such as anger, chest discomfort, difficulty in breathing. tachycardia. and feeling of epigasfric mass etc., and the degrees were divided into 5 grades according to the severities from grade 1(can't keep their usual living) to grade 5(no complaints with heavy stresses), respectively. 4. For the treatment of Hwabyung in this study, we had given Acupuncture therapy on some points such as Chunjung:?中:CV-17, Jungwan:中脘:CV-12) and Chunchu:天樞:S-25, etc. for 15 minutes a time twice a week. And Bunshimkiumgmnihang(分心氣飮加味方) was administered 3 times a day. 5. About 40% of the patients took treatment for more than 2 months, 29% of those took 1 to 2 months and 31% of those took less than 1 month. In this study, we excluded those who stopped treatment within a month without any expected effects. 6. We evaluated the changes of severity of pain according to the following categories such as - for no change, + for 1 grade, ++ for 2 grades, +++ for 3 grades, and ++++ for 4 grades of improvements. Among the patients taken 1 to 2 months of treatment. 48% of the those showed +, 7% of those showed ++, 3% of those showed +++ and 41% of those showed no change. Among the patients taken less than 2 months of treatment, 20%of those showed +, 40% of those showed ++, 28% of those showed +++ and 13% of those showed no change. 7. We evaluate the changes of symptoms according to the following categories such as - for no change, + for 1 grade, ++ for 2 grades, +++ for 3 grades and +++ for 4 grades of improvements. Among the patients taken 1 to 2 months of treatment, 34% of those showed +, 14% of those showed ++ and 52% of those showed no change. Among the patients taken more than 2 months of treatment, 20% of those showed +, 43% of those showed 20% of those showed +++, 3% of those showed +++ and 15% of those showed no change. 8. When we compare the changes of pain and symptoms according to the periods of treatment, the changes in quantity of pain in 1 to 2 months group was $0.72{\pm}0.75$, in more than 2 months group was $1.83{\pm}0.98$, and the changes in quantity of symptoms in 1 to 2 months group was $0.62{\pm}0.73$, in more than 2 months group was $1.75{\pm}1.03$. According to the above results, we have concluded that more than 2 months of treatment is more beneficial than 1 to 2 months of treatment.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

Ch'ang-Ts'al-Ts'un is a rural Village near Lung-jing City in Yen-pien Korean Autonomous Province of China. It was formed about 100 years ago by Korean Immigrants and has been developed maintaing the characteristics of traditional Korean architecture. Therefore investigating the spatial structure of this village is a meanigful work to confirm and explore one branch of Korean architecture. This study aims at analyzing the spatial structure of the village using direct data collected from the field work and indirect data from books and maps. The field work consists of on-the-site survey of the village layout, interviews of residents, observation notes and photography. Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un is located 360-370 m high above the sea level and at the side of a long valley. A river flows in the middle of the valley and relatively flat arable land exists at the both sides of the river. The location of the village related to the surrounding river and mountains suggests that the site of the village was chosen according to Feng-Shui, Chinese and Korean traditional architectural theory. The main direction of the house layouts is South-western. The village has been growing gradually until today. Therefore it is meaningful to make the village layout before Liberation(1946 A.D.) because the characteristics of Korean architecture prevailed more in that period. The area of the previous village is limited to the west side of the creek. New houses were later added to the east of the creek, forming a 'New Village'. Previously the village was composed of 3 small villages: Up, Middle and Down. Also the main access roads connecting the village with the neighboring villages were penetrating the village transversely. Presently the main access road comes to the village longitudinally from the main highway located in front of the village. The retrospective layout shows the existence of well-formed Territory, Places and Axes, thus suggesting a coherent Micro-cosmos. The boundary of imaginery territory perceived by present residents could be defined by linking conspicous outside places sorrounding the village such as Five-mountains, Front-mountain, Shin-dong village, Standing-rock, Rear-mountain and Myong-dong village. Inside the territory there are also the important places such as Bus-stop, Memorial tower of patriots, Road-maitenance building and the village itself. And inside it 5 transverse and 1 longitudinal axes exist in the form of river, roads and mountains. The perceived spatial structure of the village formed by Places, Axes and Territory is geometrical and well-balanced and suggests this village is fit for human settlement. The administrative area of the village is about 738 ha, 27 % of which is cultivated land and the rest is mountain area. Initially the village and surrounndings were covered with natural forest But the trees have been gradually cut down for building and warning houses, resulting in the present barren and artificial landscape with bare mountains and cultivated land. At present the area of the village occupied by houses is wedge-shaped, 600 m wide and 220 m deep in its maximum. The total area of the village is $122,175m^{2}$. The area and the rate of each sub-division arc as follow. 116 house-lots $91,465m^{2}$ (74.9 %) Land for public buildings and shops $2,980m^{2}$ (2.4 %) Roads $17,106m^{2}$ (14.0 %) Creek $1,356m^{2}$ (1.1 %) Vacant spaces and others $9,268m^{2}$ (7.6 %) TOTAL $122,175m^{2}$ (100.0 %) Each lot is fenced around with vertical wooden pannels 1.5-1.8 m high and each house is located to the backside of the lot. The open space of a lot is sub-divided into three areas using the same wooden fence: Front yard, Back yard and Access area. Front and back yards are generally used for crop-cultivation, the custom of which is rare in Korea. The number of lots is 116 and the average size of area is $694.7m^{2}$. Outdoor spaces in the village such as roads, vacant spaces, front yard of the cultural hall, front yard of shops and spacse around the creek are good 'behavioral settings' frequently used by residents for play, chatting, drinking and movie-watching. The road system of the village is net-shaped, having T-junctions in intersections. The road could be graded to 4 categories according to their functions: Access roads, Inner trunk roads, Connecting roads and Culs-de-sac. The total length of the road inside the village is 3,709 m and the average width is 4.6 m. The main direction of the road in the village is NNE-SSE and ESE-WNW, crossing with right angles. Conclusively, the spatial structure of Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un village consists of various components in different dimensions and these components form a coherent structure in each dimension. Therefore the village has a proper spatial structure meaningful and appropriate for human living.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1977

Anderson(1937), Power and Barnes(1941) reported a study concerning a method of tubal sterilization in association with peritoneoscopy or laparoscopy in which they cauterized the tubes. There appears to have been a hiatus of interest in sterilization (cold or hot) associated with laparoscopy until reintroduction by Palmer(1963), Frangenheim(1964) and Steptoe(1967). On the other hand, for interval female sterilization, however, minilaparotomy is relatively new. By Saunder and Munsick(1972), John Lyle(1974), Frank Stubb(1974), Vitoon(1973) and B.C. Bai(1975), their own technique for interval female sterilization requires 2.0 to 2.5cm, incision at the margin of the mons pubis. In Korea, female sterilization by means of minilaparotomy firstly reported by B.C. Bai using Bai's uterine elevator, of his own device, early in 1975. Recently inteval female sterilization by laparoscopy and minilaparotomy are widely accepted throughout the world especially in Asian countries. Minilaparotomy is carried out from 1974, laparoscopic sterilization from 1976, and in this study each of 250 cases of those were analysed and discussed for the comparison at Seoul Red Cross Hospital. (1) In the age distribution, numerous clients were in their age of $31{\sim}35$ in laparoscopy as well as minilaparotomy. Average 33.7 years in L and 33.2 years in M. (M=minilaparotomy, L=laparoscopic sterilization) (2) As regarding living children, women having 3 children represented the greatest number, 113 cases out of 250 in M group and 102 cases out of 250 in L group. Average No. of child are 2.9 in Land 3.1 in M. (3) Concidering the operation day in the menstrml cycle, the greatest number of cases, those who underwent tubal sterilization during the days of $26{\sim}$, next during the $6{\sim}10$ days of the cycle in both group. (4) Concidering the operation time, 188 cases by laparoscopy were performed in $6{\sim}10$ minutes, 33 cases within 5 minutes and 24 cases in $11{\sim}15$ minutes. Maximum 50 minutes, minimum 4 minutes and average 8.3 minutes. The majority of cases (154 cases) by minilaparotomy required $6{\sim}10$ minutes and 67 cases $11{\sim}15$ minutes, 6 cases within 5 minutes. Maximum 30 minutes, minimum 4 minutes and average 10.4, minutes. In both groups, most of the reasons for the extra length were surgical difficulties such as thick abdominal wall, pelvic adhesion, less cooperation of patients in early period of this study. (5) Hospital stay after operation in L group required $3{\sim}4$ hours in 125 cases, $2{\sim}3$ hours in 41 cases, $4{\sim}5$ hours in 32 cases out of 250. Maximum 8 hours, minimum 1 hour and average 3.8 hours. In M group hospital stay required $6{\sim}7$ hours in 100 cases, over 7 hours in 85 cases, $5{\sim}6$ hours in 46 cases and so on. Maximum 14 hours, minimum 2 hours and average 6.5 hours. (6) The time between operation and gas passing in the majority cases of both groups, were $12{\sim}36$ hours. A veragetime 20.3 hours in L and 27.2 in M. (7) Laparoscopic sterilization coincident with induced abortion were carried out in 27 cases, laparoscopy with minilaparotomy to control for mesosalpingeal hemorrhage in 1 case. Minilaparotomy coincident with induced abortion were performed in 65 cases, D and C whit polypectomy, menstrual regulatian, and remaval of IUD in 1 case respectively. (8) In L group, 1 case of mesosalpingeal hemorrhage, 1 case of abdominal wall infection were complicated during operation. In M group, 1 case of uterine perfaration, 1 case of abdominal wall infection, 1 case of hemorrhage from omentum and 1 case of bloody vaginal discharge were complicated. No intensive medical treatment was required for those minor complications in both groups. (9) No failure has been recognized and these two sterilization techniques might be the simple, safe and the most effective method for permanent contraception at present time. There is no significant clinical defference between L and M group in this study.

• 한국인구학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.105-130
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• 1981

This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of high performane areas for family planning with that of low performance areas and to find factors which strongly affected contraceptive practice behavior. For the study, eight areas were selected from 274 rural family planning canvassing areas of Korean Population Policy and Program Evaluation Study, which was an action study operated in all areas of Cheju Island from July 1, 1976 until December 31,1979. As a first step of the action study, Cheju Island was devided up 318 family planning canvasser areas Each area was consisted of 200 households in rural district and 300 households in urhan one Duriog the period of project, each canvassing area had been managed by a female family planning canvasser, selected by director of health center considering several individual conditions needed for family planning activities Basic activities of canvassers were to counsell all the eligihie couples in own charged area about family planning methods and also to distribute contraceptives such as condoms and oral pills. In case couples desire to accept sterilization including vasectomy and tubal-ligation, the canvassers played a linking role connecting potential client with family planning field workers. Canvassng areas shows significant differentce in performance for family planning, nevertheless they are supposed to have almost the same conditions regarding family planning distribution channel. Because the purpose of the Cheju project was to eliminate all the problems that existed in governmental distribution system, that is to remove geographic, economic, cognitive and administrative barriers Accumulated performances of family planning methods accepted by residents in each area were calculated by eligible women aged 14-49. And then canvassing areas were ranked according to performance score. Consequently, 4 areas in extremely high and low family planning performance areas were selected respectively. Major results were obtained by comparing characteristics of high performance area with that of low performance areas, which are as follows: 1. The mean number of living children was about the same both in high and low performance areas for family planning. But respondents' mean age (38.5) in high performance areas was higher than that (37.0) in low performance areas 2. Respondents' perception in the expectant educational level of others' children in high performance areas was higher than that in low performance areas, although respondents educational level, monthly expenditure and ratio of children in high school and above was not different. 3. Ratio of ownerships of TV and newspaper in high performance areas was highen than that in low performance areas 4. The duration of canvasser' charge in high performance areas was longer than that of low performance areas, showing the fact that canvassers didn't move cut in high performance areas 5. In high performance areas, canvassers' houses were relatively located in the center part of the village. And so villagers resided in near distances from the anvasser's house 6. 4H clubs' activities in high performance areas were more active than those in low performance areas Therefore it was assumed that cohesiveness of community in high performance areas were stronger than that in low areas. 7. Canvassers' family planning practice rate was higher than that in low performance areas, and also canvassers' human relationship was more sociable than that of canvassers in low performance areas. 8. Fourteen variables which showed relatively high significance level in $X^2$ and F test were selected as independent variables for stepwise regression analysis. According to the results of regression analysis. five of 14 variables-distributors education level ($R^2$=.4439), duration of distributor's charge ($R^2$=.6166), 4H club activities ($R^2$=.6697), canvasser's contraceptive practice ($R^2$=.7377) and location of distributions house ($R^2$=.8010) explained 80.1 percent of total variance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.5684-5691
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• 2011

본 연구는 강제유도운동치료와 인지-지각 훈련을 병행하여 환측의 손 기능 변화, 일상생활 과제 수행 시 환측 상지의 사용빈도 변화, 그리고 환측 상지의 움직임의 질적 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 Taub 등 (1999)이 제시한 조건을 만족하고 뇌졸중 발병 후 3개월이 경과하였고 NCSE 또는 MVPT 결과 경도 손상을 보이는 환자 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 중재 방법은 CIMT군은 4주 동안 낮 시간동안에는 변형된 resting arm-splint를 착용하도록 하여 건측 상지의 사용을 제한시켰고, CIMT+CPT군은 CIMT군과 같은 조건에서 인지-지각 훈련을 병행하여 실시하였다. 대조군은 변형된 resting arm-splint를 착용하지 않고 일반적인 작업치료를 받도록 하였다. 그 결과, Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test의 먹는 흉내 내기, 크고 가벼운 깡통 옮기기, 그리고 크고 무거운 깡통 옮기기 항목에서 CIMT+CPT군이 가장 큰 변화량을 보였으며 CIMT군도 CTL군과 비교하여 더 많은 호전을 보였다. 각 집단 간의 Motor Activity Log의 환측 상지의 사용빈도에 대한 변화량은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 집단 간의 환측 상지의 움직임의 질적 향상에 대한 변화량은 CIMT군과 CIMT+CPT군 모두 CTL군보다 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 따라서 인지 지각 능력의 경도 손상을 가지고 있는 뇌졸중 환자에게 실시한 강제유도운동치료는 환측의 손 기능 향상과 일상생활 과제 수행 시 환측 상지의 사용 빈도와 움직임의 질적 향상에 효과를 보였고, 강제유도운동치료와 인지-지각 훈련을 병행하였을 때 더 큰 시너지 효과를 보였다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 1998

하천은 식수원 및 생태공간, 그리고 생활공간으로서 중요한 역할을 한다. 하지만 오늘날의 도시하천은 복개, 콘크리트 제방 설치, 둔치 정비로 인하여 생태계가 파괴되고 수질오염이 심하여 하천으로서의 기능을 상실하였다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 도시하천이 생태학적으로 수행하는 역할을 밝히고 그 개선방안을 모색하였다. 하천은 다양한 형태의 태양 복사 에너지를 전달하는 통로이어서 항상 생명력이 충만한 장소이다. 하천 연변은 1차 생산성이 높아 인구의 부양능력도 크기 때문에, 농업을 기초로 한 고대 도시들은 비옥한 하천 연변에서 발달하였다. 우리나라의 경우 농업에 기반을 둔 조선시대의 도시들은 태양 에너지가 결집된 침식분지에서 발달하였다. 이러한 농촌생태계에서 하천의 역할은 에너지와 물질(물과 퇴적물질)의 공급원이자 생명선이다. 산업혁명 이후 도시의 성장과 더불어 물의 수요가 급증함으로써, 하천은 도시의 더욱 중요한 입지요소가 되었다. 그러나 도시에서 더 이상 도시하천의 에너지를 필요로 하지 않으므로써 도시하천은 생명선의 구실을 하지 못하고, 외부하천의 물을 이용한 후 오폐수를 도시하천에 방류함으로써 도시하천은 하수구로 전락하고 말았다. 도시화가 진행됨에 따라 하천의 범람 위험성은 증가하였으며 수질은 악화되었다. 이를 억제하기 위하여 콘크리트 제방을 설치하고 둔치를 정비하였으며 하천을 복개하였다. 그러나 이러한 하천개수 결과 하천의 생태계는 파괴되었고 수질오염은 더욱 심해졌다. 도시하천의 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해서는 농촌하천에서처럼 하천내의 많은 에너지를 육상으로 이동시켜야 한다. 이를 위하여 하천 연변에서 둔치에 이르기까지 습지를 가꾸어 하천내의 에너지를 소모시키고, 생태공원을 조성하여 원시적 자연의 생명력을 되찾아야 한다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2016

본고에서는 여러 문헌에 흩어진 강릉지역의 팔경을 수집하고, 팔경과 역사문화와의 관계 팔경의 지역적 분포 경관구성 요소 및 내재적 의미를 다각도로 분석 및 해석하였다. 강릉지역의 팔경은 고려에서 근현대까지 오랜 시간 동안 축적 확장되어 왔으며, 단순히 자연경관의 아름다움뿐 아니라 이 지역을 배경으로 한 역사적인 사실과 그 정서를 반영하고 있다. 또한, 강릉지역 팔경의 형식과 분포를 종합하여 볼 때, 가장 많은 형식을 차지하는 것은 소상유사형(瀟湘類似型)이다. 그 중 반복적으로 나타나는 '저녁밥 짓는 연기'나 '고기 잡기' 등은 당시 강릉지역민들의 생활상을 보여주고 있으며, 이는 마을단위로 이루어진 팔경이라는 사실을 말한다. 강릉지역의 팔경은 넓게는 시(市) 전체, 좁게는 누정(亭)까지 다양한 범위에 분포되어 있다. 대부분의 팔경은 현재 강릉시의 동쪽, 그리고 강동면과 구정면이 접하는 지역에 몰려있다. 강릉 지역의 팔경이 대부분 이곳에 분포되어 있는 상황으로 볼 때, 이 지역이 강릉경관의 핵심을 차지하고 있음을 말해준다. 강릉지역 팔경은 자연요소 60%, 인문요소 36%, 기타 4%로 나타났으며 자연요소에서는 대상 그 자체의 아름다움을, 인문요소와 기타에서는 대상 속에 담긴 전설이나 역사를 담고 있다. 팔경이 표현하는 경관들은 별개의 대상이 아니다. 남대천과 죽도봉, 군선강과 풍호 등 하나의 풍경이 되었다. 또한 신라의 화랑의 이야기가 얽힌 풍호, 군선강 등은 강릉지역의 대표적인 역사경관이 되었으며, 강릉지역의 팔경은 견조도, 한송정, 한송사 등 현재는 존재하지 않는 강릉의 유적 및 전통경관을 유추해 볼 수 있는 중요한 기초자료가 될 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 강릉지역의 팔경은 미적대상인 동시에 역사 문화적 장소이고 더 나아가 심상적(心象的) 공간으로 남아 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine beauty shop workers' views of job. Data were collected from the workers in Seoul, Daegu, Pohang, Junjoo, and Kimhae from June 1, 2000 to August 31, 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 28,7% of them was female; 94.2% 'specialized in hair'; 46.4% 'below twenty nine years old'; 47.1% 'married'; 59.7% 'highschool graduate'; 33.9% 'worked for below three years'; 28.5% 'monthly income of five hundred thousand to nine hundred ninety thousand won'; 62.3% 'working for above twelve hours a day' ; 41.0% 'above five workers' ; 40.6% 'working in city'. 2. 54.8% of the respondents thought that they were in good health. 76.3% of them smoked and 54.8% drank. 62.8% of them did not exercise and 78.7% was under stress. 61.5% responded that they chose the job because of its possibility of professional vocation. 91.0% of them obtained the beauty skill from beauty schools. 3. Among the factors which influenced job satisfaction, 'stable job and life security' was highest(43.9%), while 'interest in the job and amount of pay' was lowest(3.2%). 'Personal ability and use of originality' was 19.4% and 'harmonious relationship with fellow workers' was 18.1%. 'Job environment' was 7.1% and 'harmonious relationship with higher workers' was 4.5%. 4. The level workers' view of job was $113.8{\pm}17.3$ points on the basis of 150 points. On the basis of 75 points, each item showed it points in order of self-development($22.3{\pm}3.8$), service for customers($20.1{\pm}3.1$), vocational mission($15.6{\pm}3.1$), harmony with the others($18.9{\pm}3.5$), working environment($18.6{\pm}3.6$), and working condition($14.3{\pm}5.1$). 5. Among the reasons why they considered leaving the job, 24.0% of them considered it because they could not free time, while 15.4% considered it because undesirable living environment or long distance from home. 15.0% thought it because they could not receive proper treatment as much as they worked and 12.8% thought they overworked. 6. When they move into new working places, they consider such factors as good working environment(24.1%), good place to open their own beauty shops(16.7%), good beauty shop to learn beauty skill(15.6%), chance to have job training(9.5%), and close place from home(9.0%). 7. 40.6% of the respondents wanted to leave the job, while 32.3% of them did not want to leave the job. The intention of leaving the displayed significant difference in the variables of age, working period, monthly income, marital status, the number of workers, location of the shop, rank, and reason of selecting the job. 8. According to the results of a regression analysis of factors which influenced job satisfaction, it was affected significantly by intention of leaving job, the number of workers, health condition, level of stress, and monthly income. The beauty shop workers showed low satisfaction level with working environment, working condition, and working mission, They considered leaving the job because of lack of free time, overwork, poor working environment, improper treatment, etc. Therefore, related professionals and organizations must device adequate measures in order to make them work with pride as creators of beauty.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-49
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• 1996

The joint diseases threaten modern people's healthy life. They bring about a long pain, an anasarca, loss of joint function or even deformation and rigidity of joint, limiting people's ordinary activities much. The chronic joint patients may be subject to some hypochondria caused by anxiety for their life, social isolation, financial problem and physical disability. Therefore, this population should continue to be duely taken care of by medical personnels. In particular, nurses should adequately help these people to recover and improve their health through suitable adaptations. With such basic conceptions in mind, this study was aimed at reviewing these patients' conditions in their ordinary life before and after a plastic operation for artificial joint replacement as well as their satisfaction with their life. For this purpose, those patients who underwent some plastic operations for artificial joint replacement at university hospitals in Seoul from January 2, 1993 to June 30, 1995 were selected as the population of this study. Among them, 87 people were randomly sampled to answer a questionnaire designed specially. For the surveying tools, Jette's (1980) scale was applied to address the sample people's inconveniences experienced and supports received in their ordinary life, while the scale of Wood, Wylie & Sheafer was used to measure their satisfaction with their life. The collected data were analyzed for percentiles, means, SD, t-test and Pearson's correlations. The results of survey can be summarized as follows ; As a result of t-test the frequencies of other people's support before and after the plastic operation, it was disclosed that those who underwent the operation were supported less frequently. In addition, as a result of t-testing their satisfaction with life before and after the operation, it was found that the operation increased their satisfaction with life significantly. Meanwhile, as a result of t-test inconveniences, frequencies of supports and life satisfaction before and after the plastic operation for artificial knee replacement, it was disclosed that only the inconveniences were significantly reduced after the operation. In contrast, the t-test the variables before and after the plastic operation for artificial hip replacement, it was found that only the frequencies of other people's supports were significant reduced after the operation. Furthermore, the differences 6 months, one year and two years after the plastic operation for artificial joint replacement were t-tested on the variables. As a result, it was disclosed that people's inconvenience, frequencies of supports and life satisfaction were not improved 6 months after the operation but their frequencies of supports decreased significantly one year after, while their inconveniences and life satisfaction were significantly improved two years after. As a result of analyzing the variables with Pearson's correlations, inconveniences and frequency of supports were negatively correlated significantly with the life satisfaction. In conclusion, the plastic operation for artificial joint replacement significantly improved people's living inconveniences, reduced their frequency of other people's support and enhanced their satisfaction with life. To break don the plastic operation for artificial knee replacement improved patients' inconveniences, while the plastic operation for artificial hip replacement not only improved patients' inconveniences but reduced the frequencies of other people's support also. Finally, the finding that the plastic operation for artificial joint replacement brought about the improvement two years after suggests that this period is needed for the patients to adapt themselves to the post-operation conditions.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2001

목적 : 영적 간호중재가 호스피스 환자의 불안감소에 미치는 효과를 파악하고 분석함으로써, 호스피스 환자의 안위를 도모하여 전인적이고 개별화된 간호를 제공하는데 도움을 주기 위하여 시도된 비 동등성 대조군 전후시차 유사실험 연구이다. 방법 : 2000년 7월 10일부터 9월 25일 사이에 전주 시내에 소재 하는 1개 종합병원의 호스피스 환자67명을 대상으로 연구참여에 동의한 실험군 37명, 대조군 30명으로 하였다. 일반적 특성, 질병 및 치료적 특성, 상태불안 정도를 측정하였고, 실험군에게 조사당일부터 일주일에 3회를 평균 30분씩 3주 동안 영적 간호중재를 제공하고, 중재 후 상태불안 정도를 측정하였다. 연구도구는 불안정도에 대해서는 Spielberger(1975)의 상태-기질 불안 측정도구를 김정택과 신동균(1978)이 표준화한 도구를 사용하였고, 영적 간호중재는 자신의 치료적 사용, 기도, 성경, 찬송을 사용하였다. 자료분석 방법은 실수, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차 등의 서술통계와 $x^2-test$, t-test, paired t-test로 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 대상자의 일반적 특성에서, 성별은 남자가 더 많았고, 평균 연령은 실험군이 59.6세, 대조군이 55.9세였다. 동거가족수는 $2{\sim}3$명이 가장 많았다. 2) 실험군과 대조군의 일반적 특성과 질병 및 치료적 특성, 종교적 특성에 대한 비교분석에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 질병 및 치료적 특성에서, 암환자(cancer patients)가 대부분을 차지하였다(실험군 92%, 대조군 95%). 4) 실험군은 대조군보다 영적 간호중재 후 상태불안이 유의하게 낮았다(t=-5.987, P=0.000). 5) 실험군의 사전 사후 불안점수 변화량은 유의하게 감소하였다(t=6.237, P=0.000). 결론 : 영적 간호중재를 제공받은 호스피스 환자는 제공받지 않은 호스피스 환자에 비해 상태불안이 낮아짐이 확인되었으며, 영적 간호중재는 호스피스 환자의 불안을 완화시키는데 효과적인 간호중재의 한 방안으로 임상에서 적용할 수 있어야 한다.