• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2024

With the commercialization and full-timeization of the livestock industry, civil complaints continue to increase, and the livestock industry is facing a crisis due to social problems such as odor caused by livestock manure, soil pollution, water pollution, and environmental pollution. In order to increase productivity in livestock farms, the amount of livestock manure generated is increasing due to excessive use of protein feed and high-density breeding environment, and complaints such as odor and water pollution due to management problems are increasing rapidly. Livestock odor has emerged as a serious social problem, and due to growing complaints, conflicts between the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the Ministry of Environment are even causing the livestock industry to lower its status. There is an urgent need for solutions to identify problems in the livestock industry and improve policies. This study aims to develop a " Abelmoschus Manihot Jinhuakui " brand that can improve the intestinal environment of livestock, reduce odors caused by livestock excrement, and improve the productivity of livestock farms in order to improve the increasingly serious odor problem in livestock sites. For Jeju livestock farms, which place more importance on the environment by securing tourists, eco-friendly feed additives were applied to the experiment, the results were derived, and the focus was on solving fundamental problems of odor generation through the development and packaging of feed additive brands. We aim to fundamentally solve the odor problem of domestic livestock farms, secure eco-friendly livestock farms, and contribute to reducing livestock odors and increasing productivity through research results that reduce ammonia levels in each livestock farm.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2024

The problem of odor and environmental pollution caused by livestock manure is spreading greatly as a social issue. To reduce the odor of livestock raised in livestock farms and improve the farm environment, raw materials of Abelmoschus manihot Jinhuakui were put into feed additives to measure the state of odor. It is characterized by being non-toxic and sweet, and Abelmoschus manihot Jinhuakui, which contains abundant nutrients that are beneficial to health in all parts such as roots, stems, and flowers, is a medicinal plant that cannot be discarded. In particular, it has the effect of helping bowel movements because it stimulates bowel movements. Ammonia levels were investigated through the KS X 3279 national standard-applied smart livestock IoT hub sensor pack installed at Flower Garden and Ugil Farm. The purpose of this paper is to reduce the odor that is the most problematic on farms and improve the environment, and it is planned to expand research into deodorants after feed additives. It is hoped that the research results will solve the livestock problem and help livestock farmers.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

At recent the number of livestock is increased and the size of farm has changed to large facilities in Korea. So the livestock facilities have become one of major sources of odor emission. The purpose of this study is to analyze the concentration and assessment of odor unit from livestock facilities for cow, dairy, swine and poultry. The eleven odor pollutants such as $H_2S$, ($CH_3$)SH, $(CH_3)_2S$, $(CH_3)_2S_2$, $CH_3N$, $NH_3$, $(CH_3)_2N$, $(CH_3)_3N$, butyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid, measured for assessment of the odor concentrations from livestock facility. As the results, it is found that the major matters of odor from livestock facilities were $NH_3$ and $H_2S$. The highest concentration of $NH_3$ is measured as 15 ppm at henhouse and $H_2S$ is measured as 858 ppb at penpig facilities. In the comparison of the average odor unit from livestocks, it is found that the highest odor unit was from swine and the lowest odor unit was from cow facility. So odor unit from swine facilities was 12 to 30 times higher than the odor unit from cow facilities.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

Livestock odor is comprised of mixed type of odorous compounds. Among these, ammonia ($NH_3$) and hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) are the two known major odor causing substances. Because high odor concentration reduces productivity of livestock and causes damage to the surrounding communities, quantitative analysis is needed to manage the odor inside and outside the livestock facilities. It is also necessary to evaluate odor dispersion according to the distance between the receptors taking into account the influence of odor source and weather condition. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the internal environment and odor dispersion from experimental pig house considering weather conditions. An experimental farm was specifically selected to eliminate the interference of odors generated by adjacent farms. $NH_3$ and complex odor were quantitatively analyzed using a gas detector and air dilution sensory method. The concentration of $NH_3$ and complex odor in pig house showed a distinct concentration difference according to the cleaning and ventilation conditions. $NH_3$ concentration and complex odor was lower than emission standard in the pig house and at the site boundary. The average $NH_3$ concentration (P1~P3) and the $NH_3$ concentration at the site boundary (S1) were strongly correlated with R=0.77. While the correlation for complex odor inside and at the site boundary had R=0.52. The correlation coefficient between $NH_3$ and the complex odor was 0.80.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2008

Odor is one of the major nuisances in the environment. In most countries, odor annoyance from livestock production is an increasing problem in community. In order to reduce the odor inconvenience and establish a good relation between livestock industries and the surrounding communities, many studies, such as diffusion simulations and field experiments, on the odor dispersion and its reduction have been investigated. These studies need to accompany the aerodynamic approach, as a main mechanism of diffusion phenomenon, and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) can be effectively used to study this kind of research. CFD considers both various wind conditions as well as topographical conditions to study aerodynamic phenomenon. Therefore the ultimate objective of the study was to develop an aerodynamic model to predict qualitatively and quantitatively odor diffusion from livestock. In this study, as the first step of this study, various phenomena and factors of odor diffusion from livestock houses were investigated through field experiments in 2007. Later, those data will be also used to verify the CFD accuracy as well as to develop 3-dimensional CFD model.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2004

At Recent the number of livestock is rapidly increased and the scale of farm has changed to large operations in Korea. So the odors from livestock feeding operations have increased and become major environmental problem. The odor emission are dependent on the types of manure management system and the meteorological factors. This report presents the results of a questionnaire on the odor characteristics from livestock facilities for the beef, dairy, swine and poultry. It is founded that the impact by odors from the facilities for swine and poultry is higher than cow and dairy, and the odor intensity at morning is higher than other times.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2022

Various odor reduction systems are being operated at pig houses to improve livestock odor issues. However, the quantitative evaluation of odor reduction efficiency is not sufficiently conducted. The analysis of factors that affect the reduction efficiency also has not been sufficiently conducted. Therefore, in this study, the reduction efficiency of representative odor reduction facilities (bio-curtain, scrubber) operated by domestic pig houses was evaluated. The odor reduction efficiency was evaluated by sampling the air before and after the odor reduction facility in 6 pig houses. Livestock odors were evaluated for complex odors, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and VOC. To find factors for reduction efficiency, temperature, humidity, pH of washing resolution, type of washing water, and ventilation rate was measured. As a result, it was found that the scrubber system had the highest reduction efficiency. The reduction efficiency was found to be affected by the scrubber's washing resolution, filler, operating conditions, and size. Bio-curtains may have problems such as deterioration of fan performance due to ventilation fan load, groundwater pollution, and excessive use of groundwater.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.244-254
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• 2010

The trend toward intensification of livestock raising, confinement in barn has increased in recent days. The move toward concentrated animal feeding operations reduces per unit costs and permits farmers to better earnings in spite of fluctuation in hog prices. However, this also results in outbreaks of a lot of animal wastes and odorous compounds. Emissions of these malodorous compounds produced from concentrated animal feeding operations have become a concern for both public and regulatory agencies and are causing the complaints of residents in rural area. For competitive sustainable swine production industry, odor management plans systematically identify potential odor sources, determine control strategies to reduce these odors, and establish criteria for implementing these strategies. Since, the malodor originates from microbial activities involving a variety of microbes, understanding the characteristics of the microflora present in swine manure is essential for developing effective odor control techniques. This paper reviews the available information in the literature related to the types of bacteria in swine manure, the potential odorous compounds associated with different bacterial genera, and the corresponding techniques used to control odor based on microbiological principles.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.923-941
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• 2005

축산농가로부터 발생되는 악취문제는 지역사회에 중요한 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. 본 연구는 미국의 콜로라도 주의 한 지역(Weld County)에서 거래된 3,355개의 주택이 199개의 축산농가의 악취 때문에 거래가격에 얼마나 영향을 받았는지를 분석하였다. 특히 주택시장에 잠재적으로 존재하는 공간상관관계를 분석에 포함하기 위해 공간 헤도닉 모형을 이용하였다. 결과를 보면 이 지역은 전통적으로 육우와 비육우 농가가 많아서인지 소규모의 육우와 비육우 농장은 오히려 농촌의 전형적인 전원생활의 일부로 주택가격에 양의 파급효과로 나타났다. 그러나 악취로 인한 주택가격의 영향은 축산업의 규모와 업종에 따라 차이를 보였다. 일정규모 이상을 넘어서는 농가와 특정 업종은 주택가격을 하락시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 대규모의 양돈과 양(sheep)은 주택과 근거리에 있는 경우 지역사회에 결정적인 경제적 손실을 초래하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 축산업의 악취는 부정적인 외부효과의 하나로 지역사회에 사회적인 비용으로 나타난다. 정책결정자는 이 같은 사회적인 비용을 최소화하고 지역경제개발 효과를 극대화하기 위해 이 같은 사회적인 비용을 지역계획 수립에 반영해야 한다. 특히 주택과 축산업의 위치와 특성을 적절히 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2000

Odor control for livestock and compost facilities has focused on manure handling and treatment during storage and land application, however, large amount of malodorous air is emitted and it is one of main sources of malodour in livestock farming. Biological treatment or biodegradation involves converting an organic contaminant to carbon dioxide and water using natural bacteria. Biofiltration is an effective air pollution control technology that uses microorganisms to breakdown gaseous contaminants and produce innocuous end products. Investment and operating costs on the biofiltration are lower than for thermal and chemical oxidation processes. This paper is intended to provide an overview of basic design and operating criteria for biofilters to control odors from livestock and compost facilities.