• 기술사
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.37-40
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• 1982

I investigated the processing-treatment of livestocks feces and body wastes in Tok- ushima prefecture, and made clear the problems relative to its influence to environments. Nowadays the load of pollution of the m is as following. COD P livestock 8.8% 38.5% body wastes 1,2 4.5 As for the livestock feces, the method of evaporation-permeation is more general than that of oxidation process because of costs. Another way is that the dung will be changed into the compost. However as these methods pollute environments remarkably, a large-scale digesting process is being planned. In case of the processing of body wastes, costs for the processing plant tend to increase to the highest level in accordance with the strong power inhabitants. In all processing, we suffer from a large amount of economical loads.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.708-712
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• 2002

Effects of unprocessed (whole) or steam-flaked corn with or without enzyme additives on in vivo nutrient digestibilities and distribution of corn particles in the feces of Holstein steers were determined in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square experiment using four Holstein steers fed the diets containing 1) whole corn without enzyme additive, 2) whole corn with enzyme additive, 3) flaked corn without enzyme additive, or 4) flaked corn with enzyme additive. With regard to nutrient digestibilities such as DM, CP, CF, NFE, NDF, and ADF, no significant differences were detected among treatments, and also the nutrient digestibilities were not affected by the addition of enzyme additive. When distribution of corn particles in the feces was examined, there were no significant differences in the amount of 2, 8 mm and total corn particles. However, feeding flaked corn resulted in less corn particles (4 mm) in the feces than feeding whole corn (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in amounts of corn particles in the feces due to the addition of enzyme additive.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1286-1289
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• 2008

The ability of Lactococcus strains to inhibit the growth of intestinal bacteria was examined. In in vitro cocultures, we observed that among eighteen Lactococcus strains tested, the ability to inhibit growth of Escherichia coli varied, with the L. lactis N7 showing the greatest growth inhibition. Strain N7 ($8.94\times10^{10}$ CFU/day for 7 days) was orally administered to mice, and the viable count of strain N7 in feces appeared at a level of $10^{4-5}$ CFU/g. After administration, the proportion of Bacteroidaceae to total intestinal bacteria decreased. Lactococci may act as probiotic bacteria by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.473-477
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• 2023

Lactobacillus amylovorus CACC736 was originated from swine feces in Korea. The complete genome sequences of the strain contained one circular chromosome (2,057,809 base pair [bp]) with 38.2% guanine-cytosine (GC) content and two circular plasmids, namely, pCACC736-1 and pCACC736-2. The predicted protein-coding genes, which are encoding the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated proteins, biosynthesis of bacteriocin (helveticin J), and the related proteins of the bile, acid tolerance. Notably, the genes related to vitamin B-group biosynthesis (riboflavin and cobalamin) were also found in L. amylovorus CACC736. Collectively, the complete genome sequence of the L. amylovorus CACC736 will aid in the development of functional probiotics in the animal industry.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1998

Controlling malodor originating from livestock feces has become a major issue, due to its influence on the health of man and livestock, together with its influences on atmospheric pollution. In this study, Five types of biofilters filled with saw-dust, night soil, fermented compost, leaf mold and a mixture(a compound of night soil, fermented compost and leaf mold at the same rates, respectively) were manufactured and tested. To study the effect of the biofilter on reducing malodor in a composting facility and swine building, a pilot scale composting facility enclosed with polyethylene film was constructed. Swine feces was composted in the facility and malodorous gas generated from the decomposition of organic matter in the feces was gathered by vacuum pump. Each biofilter achieved 87∼96% NH3 removal efficiency. This performance was maintained throughout 10 days of operation. The highest NH3 removal efficiency was achieved by leaf mold on the first day of operation period. It reduced the concentration of NH3 by about 96%. Night soil and fermented compost showed nearly equal performance of 93 to 94% for 10 days from the beginning of operation. The mixture achieved the lowest NH3 removal efficiency. It reduced NH3 concentration by about 89∼94% for 10 days from the beginning of operation. However NH3 removal efficiency of each biofilter declined with the passage of operational time. After 30 days from the beginning of operation, NH3 removal efficiency of each biofilter of each biofilter was below 60%, respectively. The concentration of H2S and CH3-SH originating from compost were equal to or less than 5mg/l and 3mg/l, respectively. After passing throughout the biofilter, the concentration of H2S and CH3-SH were not detected.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2005

본 조사는 대전광역시 양축농가의 축사 형태, 그리고 축분 및 축사주위의 악취물질의 농도를 측정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 한우사는 조사 농가 중 대부분(94.5%)이 톱밥 또는 왕겨를 축사 바닥에 깔아주고 있어서 분뇨가 축사 밖으로 유출되지 않았다. 돈사의 경우는 대부분이 슬러리식을 채택하고 있었으나 아직도 일부 농가는 바닥 충전재를 사용하고 있었으며 축사로부터의 오물 유출가능성은 없다고 판단되었다. 계사의 경우, 육계사는 전부 바닥 깔짚을 사용하고 있었고 산란계사는 스크레퍼를 이용하고 있었으며, 축사로부터의 오염물의 유출 가능성은 없다고 판단된다. 사슴사는 12개소 중 3개 소는 바닥 충전재를 사용하고 있었으며, 10개소는 재래식으로 관리되고 있었으며, 지붕설치 여부와 관련하여 볼 때 7개소는 우천 시 오물의 유출이 우려된다고 하겠다. 생분의 암모니아, 아민류 및 휘발성지방산 함량은 부숙분에 비하여 전반적으로 낮았으며, 함황 물질인 황화수소, 메틸메르캅탄 및 에틸메르 캅탄의 농도는 부숙분에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 축사내의 악취성분은 돈사와 육계사에서 암모니아와 황화수소가 미량 검출되었을 뿐 다른 성분은 검출한계 이하였다. 축사 외 부지경계선에서의 악취성분은 검출되지 않았다. 그리고 악취감 소용 사료첨가제에 대한 축산농가의 반응은 전반적으로 부정적으로 나타났다. 위와 같은 사실로 미루어 볼 때 축산 시설로부터의 오염물질 유출은 우려할 수준은 아니라고 생각되지만, 조사 시점이 동절기인 것을 감안하면 좀 더 세심한 배려가 있어야 할 것으로 생각된다. 그리고 악취저감 사료첨가제에 대해서는 제조기준을 설정할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.1031-1035
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• 2002

This study was carried out to obtain conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) producing lactic acid bacteria for further study on the enzymes related to the production of CLA which has gained considerable attention and on the development as a probiotic culture. Total 34 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 19 feces samples of healthy babies. CLA forming ability was measured spectrophotometrically by the modification of linoleate 12-cis, 11-trans-isomerase activity measuring method, and CLA of the cultures were extracted, methylated, and examined by HPLC analysis. CLA methyl ester of only one culture showing the highest value of CLA forming ability could be detected by HPLC analysis. The culture was found to be Gram positive, rods and catalase negative. It grows at $45^{\circ}C$ but not at $15^{\circ}C$, and was identified to be Lactobacillus fermentum on the basis of the biochemical characteristics and the utilization of substrates. These results provide an efficient experimental method to screen CLA producing lactic acid bacteria.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2011

Objectives: To estimate the microbial contaminant load discharged from livestock farms, we randomly selected livestock farmers of cattle, swine, and fowl and collected bacterial strains from domestic animals' feces and compost samples. Recently, as multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria and super bacteria showing resistance to a variety of antibiotics have been reported one after another, the ecological and health hazard of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is emerging as an important issue. Methods: Monitored indicator microorganism constituents were totak coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and aerobic bacteria. The multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria were identified from investigated indicator microorganisms by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: By microbiological analysis, the largest population of aerobic bacteria ($1.5{\times}10^5$ CFU/g) was found in cattle fecal compost, and total coliforms ($1.1{\times}10^7$ CFU/g) and fecal coliforms ($1.0{\times}10^5$ CFU/g) were found primarily in swine fecal compost, while the lowest population was found in fowl fecal compost. Among the 67 strains separated from aerobic bacteria, five strains expressing high antibiotic resistance were selected in each sample. We found the multi-antibiotic resistant strains to be Shigella boydii, Staphylococcus lentus, Acinetobacter sp. and Brevibacterium luteolum. Conclusions: These results suggest that increasing numbers of multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment have a close relation to the reckless use of antibiotics with livestock.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2013

Today, a desirable way to manage livestock manure is to activate its utilization as a resource. The production of high quality liquid fertilizer of livestock manure is very important because it increases the use of various liquid fertilizer. However, the result of mature evaluation with a maturity measuring instrument for liquid fertilizer showed that the deviation of concentration between liquid fertilizer did not bring into uniformity. The result is also making sure that quality management for liquid fertilizer is not smoothly made. Quality evaluation for compost and liquid fertilizer includes physical, biological, chemical and microbiological methods, but a chemical method is mainly being implemented due to fairness and field application. Therefore, this study figured out correlation in feces and urine through regression analysis of livestock manure and tried to create a research plan to carry out efficient quality analysis of managing livestock manure.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.530-534
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• 1990

방선균의 한 종인 Thermoactinomuces sp. CH-53이 퇴비에서 분리되었다. 분리된 이 균은 pH 6.5-9.5, 수분 55-65의 무살균계분에서 왕성히 성장하며, 밀기울 배지에 포자를 충분히 착생시켜 시판의 배합사료에 1 비율로 첨가하여 닭에 급여해서 방선균의 생균수가$10^7-10^8$. cell/g에 도달하는 계분을 얻었으며, 처리 동안 악취성분이 소실되었다. 처리된 계분의 비료효과실험은 pot에서 Brassica rapa var. perviridis의 생육조사에서 다량시용에도 생육저해가 없었으며 질소함량으로 pot당 0.4g에 해당하는 시용구에서 최대생산을 보였다.