• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.200-209
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• 2011

Animals produce important co-products such as meat, milk, and egg. Higher consumption and urbanization asked for more animal products and the demand was so strong that lager livestocks are now being raised densely in small farm. Large production of excreta and maldor is an inevitable consequence of condensed breeding. If this malodor couldn't be controlled, it could be chief obstacle to development of both livestock industry and environment of future. Major odor produced from livestock environments could be subdivided into four major sections: volatile fatty acids, ammonia and volatile amine, indole and phenols, and sulfur compounds. More than half of nitrogen excreted urea, so low protein feeding, synthetic amino acid feeding and supplementing with digestive enzyme, microbial agents and/or probiotics are methods for reducing nitrogen excretion. A lot of studies about feeding and probiotics, co-feed have been researched to improve environment and/or productivity in livestock industry.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.769-779
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• 2017

Nutrient (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus) budgets are required under a 'Livestock Excreta Survey'. A nutrient budget is one of the agri-environmental indicators that calculates the difference between the inputs and outputs of the amount of nutrients within a certain boundary and for a certain time period (e.g., 1 year). In this study, a nutrients budget model was developed to effectively determine the surplus of nutrients within a region in Korea. The C# program language was used in order to facilitate the deployment of a graphical user interface (GUI) and to enhance compatibility. Also, the model was developed on Windows OS, which is the commonly used operating system in Korea. The model was based on the OECD/Eurostat nutrient budget method, and it was modified to consider manure composting procedures as well. There are key features of the nutrient budget model, including directly use of the original data sets from various input and output sources, and a collectively exchange of the address in different formats. The model can quickly show the results of various spatial and temporal resolutions with the same data, as well as perform a sensitivity analysis with coefficients and easily compareresults using tables and graphs. Further, it would be necessary to study the extension of the scope of utilization, such as the application of various nutrient budget methods. It would also be helpful to investigate both pre and postprocessing information such as linking input data through online systems.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

This study aimed to assess the impact of livestock excreta discharged from an Intensive Livestock Farming Area (ILFA) on river water quality during a rainfall event. The Bangcho River, which is one of the 7 tributaries in the Cheongmi River watershed, was the study site. The Cheongmi River watershed is the second largest area for livestock excreta discharge in Korea. Our results clearly showed that, during the rainfall event, the water quality of the Bangcho River was severely deteriorated due to the COD, $NH_4-N$, T-N, $PO_4-P$, T-P, and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) in the run-off from nearby farmlands, where the soil comprised composted manure and unmanaged livestock excreta. In addition, stable isotope analysis revealed that most of nitrogen ($NH_4-N$ and $NO_3-N$) in the run-off was from the ammonium and nitrate in the livestock excreta. The values of ${\delta}^{15}N_{NH4}$ and ${\delta}^{15}N_{NO3}$ for the Bangcho River water sample, which was obtained from the downstream of mixing zone for run-off water, were lower than those for the run-off water. This indicates that there were other nitrogen sources upstream river in the river. It was assumed from ${\delta}^{15}N_{NH4}$ and ${\delta}^{15}N_{NO3}$ stable isotope analyses that these other nitrogen sources were naturally occurring soil nitrogen, nitrogen from chemical fertilizers, sewage, and livestock excreta. Therefore, the use of physicochemical characteristics and nitrogen stable isotopes in the water quality impact assessment enabled more effective analysis of nitrogen pollution from an ILFA during rainfall events.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 1992

Livestock waste causes ground and surface water pollution, eutrophication of reservoir as well as adverse affects living environment of those who dwell nearby. In order to investigate the pollution load from livestock waste, physical and chemical characteristics of the waste were determinded in the survey of livestock farms. Once pollution load is obtained as a function of the origin units of livestock, the influence of livestock waste on the Daecheong reservoir was studied. 1. For Daecheong reservoir inflow area, the liverstock manure productions of beef cattle swine, dairy cattle and chicken were 1,135.6t/day, 480t/day, 241.3t/day, 48t/day respectively； Beef cattle was the mai or source of the pollution. Pollution loading productions due to the livestock waste around the were found to be 53.31t/day for BOD, 222.49t /day for COD, 261.99t/day for T-S, 9.64t/day for T-N, 6.54t/day for T-P 2. Bocheong stream turnd out to be the major contribution for pollution loading production to Daecheong reservoir with 10,748kg /day of BOD, 47,157kg /day of COD, 1,946kg /day of T-N, 1,271kg /day of T-p. 3. Actual pollution loadings from livestock wastes for the area of Daecheong reservoir were estimated as 1,997kg /day(BOD), 8,546kg /day(COD), 364kg /day(T-N), 243kg /day (T-P), respectively Therefore, advanced treatment for livestock waste is recommended for Daectleong reservoir inflow area to eliminate the nutrients which are major sources of eutrophication of the reservoir.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.757-762
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• 2016

The group of Fe(III) oxide-reducing bacteria includes exoelectrogenic bacteria, and they possess similar properties of transferring electrons to extracellular insoluble-electron acceptors. The exoelectrogenic bacteria can use the anode in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as the terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic acetate oxidation. In the present study, the anodic community was compared with the community using Fe(III) oxide (ferrihydrite) as the electron acceptor coupled with acetate oxidation. To precisely analyze the structures, the community was established by enrichment cultures using the same inoculum used for the MFCs. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed considerable differences between the structure of the anodic communities and that of the Fe(III) oxide-reducing community. Geobacter species were predominantly detected (>46%) in the anodic communities. In contrast, Pseudomonas (70%) and Desulfosporosinus (16%) were predominant in the Fe(III) oxide-reducing community. These results demonstrated that Geobacter species are the most specialized among Fe(III)-reducing bacteria for electron transfer to the anode in MFCs. In addition, the present study indicates the presence of a novel lineage of bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas that highly prefers ferrihydrite as the terminal electron acceptor in acetate oxidation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1404-1408
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• 2016

In recent years, foot-and-mouth disease has occurred in all parts of the world. The animals with the disease are buried in the ground; therefore, their concentration could affect ground or groundwater. Moreover, the complete degradation of carcasses is not a certainty, and their disposal is important to prevent humans, livestock, and the environment from being affected with the disease. The treatment of Corynebacterium glutamicum is a feasible method to reduce the risk of carcass decomposition affecting humans or the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of C. glutamicum on the soil environment with a carcass. The composition of amino acids in the soil treated with C. glutamicum was generally higher than those in the untreated soil. Moreover, the plant root in the soil samples treated with C. glutamicum had 84.0% amino acids relative to the standard value and was similar to that of the control. The results of this study suggest the possibility to reduce the toxicity of a grave land containing animals with this disease.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.421-428
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• 2005

Insufficiency of special knowledge and construction cost makes it difficult in build a customized-feed service system in the agricultural and livestock industry In this paper, customized-feed service system was developed in the internet service environment by using digital information and technology as a grafted system. This system has a couple of advantages like economic feed supply and effective management of feed production cost which make it possible to establish a customized-feed database suitable for the working environment in the agricultural and livestock industry. And this system is expected as a solution for 21st century digitalized agricultural and livestock industry which make it certain in real time by constructing a network environment and digitalizing the equipment and component related to the farm production.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.301-309
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• 2012

In this paper, a real-time monitoring system based on WSN is designed and implemented to monitor livestock growth environment information which includes the temperature, humidity and harmful gases such as $CO_{2},\;CO,\;NH_{3},\;H_{2}S$ and so on. The proposed system consists of the wireless sensor nodes, the monitoring management device, the management server and the user interface program based on PC/Smart phone. To verify the performance of the implemented system, gas measurement experiments are performed in laboratory environment by using the designed wireless sensor nodes. And it is able to estimate the concentration of gases. The implemented system is able to monitor the proposed environmental element information through the developed GUI.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of leachate discharged from livestock burial sites in Gangwondo resulting from foot-and-mouth disease by monitoring the water quality at the survey tube-wells installed near livestock burial sites in order to investigate the effect of the leachate on the quality of nearby underground water and suggest a water pollution level in accordance with water quality evaluation criteria. Methods: To minimize the secondary environmental pollution damage caused by leachate at burial sites of livestock killed by foot-and-mouth disease, this study analyzed the leachate directly discharged from burial sites and installed survey tube-wells within 300 meters of livestock burial sites and investigated water quality as a means to ascertain the environmental effect of the leachate from the burial sites. In accordance with environmental management guidelines on livestock burial sites, this research investigated the water quality in the survey tube-wells in fifty five burial sites in Gangwondo. The elements investigated were $NH_3$-N, $Cl^-$, $NO_3$-N, conductivity, and E. coli. Water quality was monitored from 2011 to 2013. Results: The water quality from the drain pipe at the location of leachate from livestock burial sites showed BOD 37,209 mg/L, COD 8,829 mg/L, $NH_3$-N 3,633 mg/L, and $Cl^-$ 580 mg/L. According to the monitoring results of water quality ($Cl^-$, $NH_3$-N, conductivity) at the survey tube-wells, there was suspicion that 13 out of 55 burial sites discharged leachate, five sites discharged highly concentrated leachate (13%): one in Gangneung, one in Wonju, and three in Cheorwon. Conclusion: It was judged that out of thirteen observation wells which showed a possibility of discharged leachate, three survey tube-wells have established the discharge effect of leachate at burial sites up to recently. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to continue monitoring them and devise additional measures.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.293-296
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• 2011

This survey was conducted to promote the environment-friendly use and recycling of livestock feces by obtaining information about the current state of livestock feces composts manufactured in Gyeonggi Province. Therefore, some aspects of quality and manufacturing techniques of livestock feces composts (LFCs) were examined especially in relation to the LFCs quality standard (LQS). By surveying the 70 composting plants in Gyeonggi Province, the total commercial production of LFCs in 2008 was estimated to be about $480,000Mg\;year^{-1}$ and they were manufactured mainly by using both mechanical mixer and bottom air blower. LFCs were composed mainly of chicken feces 29.2%, pig+chicken feces 23.1%, pig feces 20.0%, livestock feces+oil cake 12.3%, pig+chicken+cattle feces 10.8% and pig+cattle feces 4.6%. On the basis of the current official standard which was revised on March 2010, 11 composts out of surveyed 76 ones did not meet the LQS due to inadequate content of water (5), OM/N (1), NaCl (2) and Zn (3). The satisfaction rate to LQS by manufacturers was 100% in the composts produced by farmer's cooperative societies, 80.7% by civil factories, and 44.4% by farming guilds, respectively. The OM/N declined by adding chicken feces and oil cake, while Ca content was increased by the addition of chicken feces and NaCl was increased by adding cattle feces.