• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.284-288
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• 2005

In this study, photochemical advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilizing the Photo Fenton reaction ($Fe^{2+}+H_2O_2+UV$) were investigated in lab-scale experiments for the treatment of livestock wastewater. For the experimets, the livestock wastewater was pretreated by coagulation with $3,000mg/L\;FeCl_3$. The optimal conditions for Photo-Fenton processes were determined: pH was 5, the concentration of ferrous ion (Fe II) was 0.01 M. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 0.1 M, and molar ratio ($Fe^{2+}/H_2O_2$) was 0.1. The optimal reaction time was 80 min. Under the optimal condition of Photo-Fenton process, chemical oxygen demand (COD), color and fecal coliform removal efficiencies were about 79, 70, and 99.4%, respectively and sludge production was 7.5 mL from 100 mL of solution.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2008

본 연구를 통하여 자체 구동형 모터를 갖는 BOD 센서를 개발하였으며, 6,000초 이상 측정한 결과 안정적인 측정이 가능함을 확인하였다. 응답시간은 30초 이내, 재현성은 1 ppm 이내, 선형성은 99%의 우수한 성능을 갖는 BOD 센서를 개발하였다. 최대 산소소모속도 (Maximum Oxygen Uptake Rate, $OUR_{max}$)와 $BOD_5$ 상관관계는 $BOD_5$ (ppm)=-2,490+33,889 ($OUR_{max}$)로서, 95.6%의 우수한 선형성을 보였다. 자체구동형 BOD 센서를 이용하여 시료의 전처리부터 BOD의 측정까지 자동으로 제어 및 측정되는 시스템을 구성하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 최대 산소소모속도 ($OUR_{max}$)와 $BOD_5$ 상관관계를 구한 후 수분내에 $BOD_5$ 값을 예측할 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.430-434
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• 2001

축산폐수 배양액을 현미경으로 관찰한 결과 축산폐수 내에는 주로 bacillus 계통의 균주들이 존재함을 확인하였고, 미생물 농도 측정을 위하여 630 nm를 최적흡수파장으로 선정하였다. 축산폐수 원액의 접종량(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%) 및 온도 변화(2$0^{\circ}C$, 37$^{\circ}C$)에 따른 성장곡선을 구한 결과 2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 6~7시간 이후부터, 37$^{\circ}C$에서는 5~6시간 이후부터 세포 농도가 증가하였다. 따라서 축산폐수 내에 존재하는 미생물은 1시간 동안 미생물의 농도(X)가 일정함을 확인하였다. 축산폐수를 10$0^{\circ}C$로 2분 이상 중탕 처리하여 2$0^{\circ}C$ 및 37$^{\circ}C$에서 배양하면 1시간 이내에는 온도에 관계없이 미생물의 동정이 변화 없음을 확인하였다. 축산폐수 내에 존재하는 미생물을 순수하게 분리.여과한 축산폐수의 세포농도는 흡광도 및 건조세포무게와 각각 높은 선형성(98.88% 및 98.98%)을 나타내었다. 이때 축산폐수 원액의 경우에는 0.375 g/L의 건조세포무게 농도가 존재함을 확인하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2016

A chemical sequencing batch reactor was operated to test the feasibility of nutrient recovery from a biological livestock wastewater treatment plant. Both phosphate and ammonia could be successfully recovered as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) crystals. The contents of TP and TN in the recovered MAP crystals were 26.2% and 4.0%, respectively. Zn, Cr and Ti were identified in the crystals, but the contents remained below the Korean standard for an organic fertilizer. Chemical analyses confirmed that the MAP crystals could be useful phosphate fertilizers. On the other hand, the results of physical analyses using an X-ray diffractometer and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer strongly suggested that crystalline materials like magnesium potassium phosphate (KMP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were also formed during the MAP crystallization, depending on the availability of K⁺ and Ca²⁺.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2023

In this study, the treatment of livestock wastewater using an aerobic granular sludge based sequencing batch reactor was investigated. The reactor operation was carried out by general injection and split injection methods. The average removal efficiency of organic matter after the adaptation period was 71.5 and 87.4%, respectively. Some untreated organic matter was attributed to recalcitrant organic matter. The average removal efficiency of total nitrogen was 65.6 and 88.4%, respectively. These results indicate that the denitrification reaction by split injection was carried out smoothly. As for the solids, the ratio of aerobic granular sludge/mixed liquor suspended solid can be determined as the main factor of the process operation, and the ratio increased gradually and finally reached 86.0%. Correspondingly, the sludge volume index (SVI) was also improved, reaching 54 mL/g at the end of operation, and it is believed that the application of a short settling time contributed to the improvement of settleability.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2004

Batch experiment에서 다양한 질소 농도에서 구해진 질소제거 속도와 비 생장속도 등의 데이터를 토대로 4.6일의 체류시간을 갖는 2단 처리 장치를 설계하였다. 그리고 continuous experiments에서는 3.5일의 체류시간을 갖는 2단의 처리 장치를 설계하였다. 두 가지 값에 차이는 있지만 실제 현장에서 폐수 처리 장치를 설계할 때 충분한 자료가 되리라고 판단한다. 따라서 위의 결과를 토대로 기존 시스템에 미세조류 시스템을 부가한다면 기존공정의 단점인 잉여질소 제거 장치로서 충분히 역할을 수행해 배출 기준치를 만족시키는 안전한 폐수처리장치가 되리라고 판단한다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.313-317
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• 2010

The struvite crystallization was applied to remove $NH_4{^+}$ in livestock wastewater. The ammonium ions can be very toxic to the aquatic creatures. In this experiments, the livestock wastewater from Gongju livestock wastewater treatment plant was used. The behaviors of various parameters such as pH, mole ratio of $Mg^{2+}$ : $NH_4{^+}$ : $PO{_4}^{3-}$ and reaction temperature for struvite crystallization of livestock wastewater and the effect of gamma ray irradiation were evaluated. As results, for the pH variation, the $NH_4{^+}$ removal efficiency showed the highest, 88%, at pH 9~9.25. The removal efficiency of $NH_4{^+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $PO{_4}^{3-}$ was showed highest when same molar ratio of $Mg^{2+}$ and $PO{_4}^{3-}$ were applied. The $NH_4{^+}$ removal efficiency showed 82% at $7^{\circ}C$, and 90% at $30^{\circ}C$ with temperature. When the wastewater was irradiated with 20 kGy of gamma ray, $NH_4{^+}$ was removed as much as 83%.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.600-606
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• 2007

Livestock wastewater containing concentrated organic matters and nutrients has been known as one of the major pollutants. It is difficult to apply the conventional activated sludge process to treat livestock wastewater because of high Non-biodegradable (NBD) matter and ammonia. The objectives of this study are to remove NBD matters including aromatic compounds and ammonia in livestock wastewater using Coagulation-Fenton oxidation-Zeolite (CFZ) processes and ascertain applicable feasibility in the field through pilot plant experiment. NBD matters and color remained in the treated water were removed over 92% by Fenton oxidation as the second treatment process. Ammonia was removed by over 99.5% in the zeolite ion exchange process as the last treatment method. From $UV_{254}$, $E_2/E_3$ ratio and GC/MS analyses of treated water at each process, the aromatic compound was converted to aliphatic and aromaticity was decreased. In pilot scale test, organics and ammonia removal efficiencies were not much different from the result of lab-scale test at various operation conditions. Furthermore, reaction time and dosage of Fenton reagent in pilot scale experiment reduced by 40 min and 50% rather than in lab-scale test. $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N and T-P of treated water in the pilot-scale experiment also met the effluent standards.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.434-441
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• 2011

축산농가에서 소규모로 발생하는 고농도의 질소와 인을 함유한 축산폐수의 처리효율을 극대화시키기 위해 수생식물여과조-활성슬러지조-인공습지로 구성된 축산폐수처리 시스템에서 축산폐수 재주입 비율별 및 주입방법별 수처리 효율을 조사하였다. 축산폐수의 재주입 비율별에 따른 처리효율을 조사한 결과 COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P 처리효율은 30% < 70% ${\leq}$ 100%의 순으로 재주입 비율이 증가함에 따라 오염물질의 처리효율이 점점 증가하는 경향이었다. 또한, 주입방법에 따른 COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율을 조사한 결과 1차 및 2차 처리조까지는 연속적 주입이 간헐적 주입에 비해 약간 높은 처리효율을 보였으나, 3차 처리조 부터는 비슷한 처리효율을 보였으며, 방류수 중COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율은 연속주입방법이 각각 99.5, 99.8, 99.0 및 99.8%로 간헐주입에 비해 약간 높았다. 이들 결과를 미루어 볼 때, 본 현장 인공습지 축산 폐수처리장에서 은 적합한 축산폐수의 재주입 비율과 주입방법을 선정한다면 질소 및 인 처리효율을 향상 시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the treatment efficiencies of anaerobic packed and fluidized-bed biofilm and to investigate applicability in treating livestock wastewater. Biocarbonate alkalinity(BA) and volatile fatty acid(VFA) were about 3,230-3,270 mg/l, 3,790-3,126 mg/l(as CaCO$_3$) and 224-402 mg/l, 141-387 mg/l(as CH$_3$COOH), and VFA/BA ratio was about 0.069~0.12, 0.045-0.12 in packed and fluidized-bed biofilm. When COD loading rate was 6.0 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day in packed and fluidized-bed biofilm, methane gas production were 3.23 l/day and 4.38 l/day, respectively. In the same COD loading rate, methane gas production volumes per kg COD removal were 0.25 m$^3$ CH$_4$/kg COD$_{rm}$ and $0.28 m^3 CH_4/kg COD^{rm}$, respectively. At this time, it could be estimated that fluidized-bed biofilm was more high. In case of HRT 0.94 day(6.0 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day) and 11 day(0.5 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day), packed-bed biofilm showed 59% and 81% COD removal efficiency, respectively. While fluidized-bed biofilm showed 72% and 85% removal efficiency, respectively. It was showed that fluidized-bed biofilm was more efficient. Packed-bed biofilm was higher than fluidized in treatment efficiencies of organic matters, but required continuous treatment using combined system, because it was very exceeded over an environmental standard solidified from '96 year. In operating fluidized-bed biofilm, if farm house consider high power cost according to high circulation ratio in an economic point of view, it would have an effect that farm house use packed-bed biofilm as combined system in treating livestock wastewater.