• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.191-194
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• 2016

Hypercalcemia of malignancy due to metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma is extremely rare; in fact, to the best of our knowledge, only three case reports of hypercalcemia associated with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma have been published in the literature to date. Herein, we report a rare case involving a 61-year-old African-American female who had hypercalcemia at initial presentation and who was later diagnosed with poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with extensive liver metastases, without bone involvement. She was found to have elevated parathyroid hormone-related peptide and normal parathyroid hormone levels. Despite aggressive treatment, she died within a few months of diagnosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2012

Background: The aims of the study were to determine the accuracy of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in detecting pulmonary metastasis through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), a technique that allows the excisional biopsy of small pulmonary nodules in patients with known malignancies. Materials and Methods: Between October 2007 and April 2010, 28 patients with known malignancies and small pulmonary nodules underwent VATS excisional biopsies. All patients were in follow-up for a previously treated malignancy. The malignancies included the following: colorectum (9), breast (6), head and neck (5), stomach (3), lymph (1), ovary (1), uterus (1), bladder (1), and liver (1). Results: There were 16 men and 12 women whose mean age was 56.7 years old (range, 38 to 77 years). The sizes of the mean nodules removed were 11.3 mm (range, 7 to 21 mm). Diagnoses included metastatic (11), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (1), primary adenocarcinoma (1), pulmonary tuberculosis (6), fibrosis (5), organizing pneumonia (3), lymphoid hyperplasia (1). Among these lesions, 46.4% were malignant. Conclusion: True positive FDG-PET was 39.2%. FDG-PET is not a sensitive test in the evaluation of patients with a history of an extrathoracic malignancy and newly diagnosed small pulmonary nodules. VATS excision allows the early diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules, with low morbidity, in patients with known malignancies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Background: To analyze the result of $^{18}F-FDG$ positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with a concomitant malignancy and tuberculoma in a tuberculosis (TB)-endemic area. Methods: Twelve patients with a concomitant malignancy and tuberculoma, who underwent whole-body $^{18}F-FDG$ PET, were evaluated retrospectively. The maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the malignancy and tuberculoma were compared. In 6 patients, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET was repeated during the anti-TB treatment and the changes in SUVmax were analyzed. Results: Of the 12 patients, 10 were male. The mean age was $67.2{\pm}7.9$ years. Tuberculomas were located in the lung (n=10) and lymph nodes (n=2), and tumors were located in the lung (n=6), colon (n=3), stomach (n=1), ovary (n=1) and liver (n=1). Although the mean SUVmax of malignant lesions was higher than that of tuberculomas ($5.2{\pm}3.2$ vs $3.5{\pm}2.0$), the difference was not significant. In 4 patients, the SUVmax was higher in the tuberculoma than the tumor. After anti-TB treatment in 6 patients, the mean SUVmax of the tuberculomas decreased significantly, from $3.5{\pm}2.0$ to $1.6{\pm}0.9$ (p=0.028). Conclusion: In patients with a concomitant malignancy and tuberculoma, SUVmax alone could not differentiate between them. However, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET may be useful in monitoring the response to anti-TB treatment.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2009

간에 생기는 단발성 괴사성 결절은 매우 드문 양성 질환으로 대개 아무 증상 없이 우연히 발견되고, 간에서 생길 수 있는 여러 가지 단발성 병변과의 감별을 필요로 하며, 특히 악성 종양의 병기 결정에 있어서 간내 전이암과 구별하는 것은 매우 중요하다고 알려져 있다. 영상의학적으로 간의 단발성 괴사성 결절은 조영증강이 얼거나 미약한 주변부 조영증강을 보이는 경계가 좋은 간내 결절로 보고되고 있다. 하지만 단발성 괴사성 결절이 영상에서 과녁 모양으로 보이는 경우는 지금까지 보고된 바 없으며, 특히 고자장의 자기 공명 영상과 양성자 방출 단층 촬영 소견이 보고된 경우도 전무하다. 이에 저자들은 조기 위암 환자에서 과녁 모양으로 보여 전이암과 감별이 어려웠던 간내 단발성 결절을 경험하여 이의 다양한 영상 소견을 보고하고자 하며, 병리학적 소견과 이에 대한 문헌 고찰을 통해 원인을 알아 보고자 하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2655-2661
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• 2014

Background: Talin-1 is a cytoskeleton protein that participates in cell migration and plays a role in tumor formation, migration, and metastasis in different types of cancer. Chinese investigators have observed that the levels of Talin-1 protein and mRNA expression in HCC tissues are significantly lower than in the adjacent non-cancerous tissue. However, Japanese investigators have reported that Talin-1 is upregulated in HCC. Tln2 as homologous gene of Tln-1, which encodes a very similar protein, but the role of Talin-2 is very little known in primary liver cancer (PLC). We investigated whether the expression of Talin-1 in PLC may be associated with the histological subtype as well as the role of Talin-1 in tumor cell invasion and migration using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Materials and Methods: We measured the mRNA expression levels of Talin-1 and Talin-2 in five human liver cancer cell lines and normal human liver cell ($LO_2$ cell line) by real-time PCR and the protein expression levels of Talin-1 by Western blot. Migration and invasion of the cells were assessed using transwell assays and cell scratch experiments, respectively, and proliferation was assessed by soft AGAR colony formation. Results: Talin-1 and Talin-2 expression differed significantly between the five human liver cancer cell lines and $LO_2$ cell line (p<0.05). Compared with the $LO_2$ cell line, the invasion and migration capabilities of the five cancer cell lines differed significantly (p<0.05). Similarly, the colony-forming ability differed (p<0.05). Conclusions: High levels of Talin-1 expression are correlated with reduced invasion and migration as well as decreased malignancy in human liver cancer cell lines; the suppression of Talin-1 promotes invasion and migration. In addition, Talin-2 may be correlated with invasion and migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

• 셀메드
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.6
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• 2021

Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, and it is generally allied with liver disease like cirrhosis of the liver. The ascites is commonly associated with liver cirrhosis, malignancy, or cardiovascular disease today. The liver cirrhosis is the most significant cause of ascites in developed countries as per the available data. In the modern medicine system, the treatment includes the restriction of sodium intake, use of diuretics, and paracentesis done in severe cases. There are many side effects of synthetic chemical diuretics, and their long-term use is not recommended. The alternative medicine like Unani system of medicine provides natural diuretics and drugs which also have protective effects on kidney, liver and other internal organs. It is well known in all drug systems that the prognosis is poor in ascites, but the use of Unani herbal medicines can minimize the side effects caused by synthetic chemical diuretics. The natural herbs used for the management of ascites have fewer side effects as compared to synthetic drugs. The natural drugs can be used for longer duration and provide some dietary supplement which improves the quality of life. This review addressed the thorough treatment of ascites by natural diet and medications.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5381-5384
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• 2012

Background and Aim: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon malignancy of the bile duct, occurring in nearly 2 out of 100,000 people. It is a type of adenocarcinoma that originates in the mucous glands of the epithelium, or surface layers of the bile ducts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, diagnostic results and factors associated with survival, morbidity and mortalityof cholangiocarcinoma cases in Iranian patients. Method: In this retrospective study the hospital medical records of 283 patients with a primary or final diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma who had been admitted to gastroenterology ward of our hospital from 2004 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: 283 patients (180 male, 63%, and 103 female, 38.6%) with a mean age of $59.7{\pm}14.4$ years were studied. The most frequent symptoms were painless jaundice (190, 66.9%), abdominal pain (77, 27%), pruritus 133 (46.8%) and weight loss (169, 59.5%). The most frequent associated risk factors and diseases were as follows: gallstones (72, 25.4%), diabetes (70, 24.6%), HBV infection (52 (18.3%), HCV infection 43 (15%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (16, 5.6%) and smoking (120, 42.3%). The most frequent type of cholangiocarcinoma in ERCP and MRCP was hilar. The mean survival time was $7.42{\pm}5.76$ months. Conclusion: The mean survival time in our study was lower than one year. Moreover the most frequent risk factors and associated diseases were smoking, gallstones and diabetes. Painless jaundice, abdominal pain and weight loss were the most clinical features related to cholangiocarcinoma. Additionally survival time did not correlate with risk factors, associated diseases and clinical presentations, but was linked to biliary metallic stenting and surgery.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.275-277
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of our present study was to assess the efficacy of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for differentiating and diagnosis of pancreatic and liver diseases in Pokhara valley. Materials and methods: A hospital based retrospective study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between 1st January, 2011 and 31st October, 2011. Estimation of CEA was performed by ELISA reader for all cases. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Results: Of the 771 subjects, 208 (27%), 60(7.8%), 240(31.1%), 54(7.0%), 75(9.7%), 59(7.7%), 75(9.7%) cases were of active chronic hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, hepatoma, acute or chronic pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreas respectively. The majority of cases (104) of active chronic hepatitis had CEA levels <5ng/ml(50%). CEA levels were found to be increased in cases of alcoholic cirrhosis with maximum number of cases (106) in range of 10 to 20 ng/ml (44%). There were no cases having more than 20ng/ml of CEA in primary biliary cirrhosis and acute or chronic pancreatitis. In cases of pancreatic cancer, maximum number of cases (35) were having CEA >20ng/ml(47%). Conclusion: High levels of CEA are associated with advanced stage of disease. CEA can thus provide an important improvement in the diagnosis by differentiating pancreatic cancer especially from chronic pancreatitis when there is a high suspicion of malignancy. Increased CEA levels may also signify progression from benign to malignant transformation in the liver.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma is a rare malignancy of the liver in children and young adults. Seven cases of undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver pathologically verified at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 1986 and 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. There were three girls and four boys, and their mean age at diagnosis was 12.1 years (range 7-13 years). Six patients presented with an abdominal mass or pain, and one with weight loss. Tumor size ranged from $8.0{\times}8.0$ cm to $15.0{\times}15.0$ cm. Four tumors were located in the right lobe, two in the left lobe and one in both. One patient died during chemotherapy. Initial complete resection was accomplished in three patients. Two patients underwent complete resection after chemotherapy. Five patients with complete resection survived without evidence of disease for 8, 11, 13, 28, and 84 months. A patient with partial resection and chemotherapy died of sepsis during chemotherapy 19 months after complete surgical resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed in all patients after complete surgical resection. In conclusion, though undifferntiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver is highly malignant, the combination therapy of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy appears to result in a favorable prognosis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.401-403
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• 2005

동물원에서 사육 중이던 7세령 암컷 일본원숭이가 짝짓기 과정에서 피부에 외상을 입은 후 치료 도중 폐사하였다. 부검시 간에서 $1.3\times1.2\times1.0cm$ 크기를 비롯한 다양한 크기의 다발성 낭포가 관찰되었으며 낭포내에 점액성 액체가 저류되어 있었다. 현미경 소견상 낭포는 담관 상피세포로 덮혀 있었고 입방상피에서 원주상피까지 다양하였으며 대부분 단층이었으나 일부는 여러층으로 덮혀 있었다. 악성도나 다른 장기로의 전이 소견은 찾을 수 없었다. 본 증례는 일본 원숭이에서 발견된 첫 번째 담관 낭샘종 증례이다.