• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.254-259
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• 2003

$^{99m}Tc-galactosyl$ human serum albumin (Tc-GSA) is a radiopharmaceutical that binds to asialoglycoprotein receptors, which are specifically present in the hepatocyte membrane. Because these receptors are decreased in hepatic parenchymal damage, the degree of Tc-GSA accumulation in the liver correlates with findings of liver function test. Hepatic images were performed with Tc-GSA in patients with acute hepatic dysfunction by Amantia Subjunquillea poisoning, and compared with these of liver ultrasonography (USG). Tc-GSA (185 MBq, 3 mg of GSA) was injected intravenously, and dynamic images were recorded for 30 minutes. Time-activity curves for the heart and liver were generated from regions of interest for the whole liver and precordium. Degree of hepatic uptake and clearance rate of Tc-GSA were generated by visual interpretation and semiquantitative analysis parameters (receptor index : LHL15 and index of blood clearance : HH15). Visual assessment of GSA scintigraphy revealed mildly decreased liver uptake in all of subjects. The mean LHL15 and HH15 were 0.886 and 0.621, graded as mild dysfunction in 2, and mild to moderate dysfunction in 1 subject. In contrast, liver USG showed no remarkable changes of hepatic parenchyme. Tc-GSA scintigraphy was considered as a useful imaging modality in the assessment of the hepatic dysfunction.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.478-490
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• 2019

Purpose: This work is a retrospective clinical case study evaluating the efficacy of Injinoryung-san granule administration to patients who showed an abnormal hepatic function test level. Methods: We analyzed the chart records of seven patients with elevated levels of the hepatic function test treated with Injinoryung-san granules. Results: The patients who were treated with Injinoryung-san showed a significant improvement in their elevated hepatic function test levels. Conclusion: In patients with elevated hepatic function test levels, Injinoryung-san granules can improve the hepatic level without adverse effects or changes in existing drugs.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.483-487
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic changes of verapamil and its major metabolite, norverapamil, after oral administration of verapamil (10 mg/kg) in rabbits with slight, moderate and severe hepatic failure induced by carbon tetrachloride. The plasma verapamil concentrations in all groups of hepatic failure were significantly higher (p<0.01) than the control. However, the plasma norverapamil concentrations in severe hepatic failure were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control. The peak concentrations ($C_{max}$) and the areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of verapamil in the rabbits were significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control. The absolute bioavailability ($F_{A.B}$) and the relative bioavailability ($F_{R.B}$) of verapamil in the rabbits with hepatic failure were significantly higher ($13.6-22.2\% and 150-244\%$, respectively) than the control ($9.1\% and 100\%$, respectively). Although the AUC and $C_{max}$ of its major metabolite, norverapamil, in slight, moderate hepatic failure were not significantly lower than the control, the metabolite-parent AUC ratio in all groups of hepatic failure was decreased significantly (p<0.05, in slight group; p<0.01, in moderate and severe group) than the control. This could be due to decrease in metabolism of verapamil in the liver because of suppressed hepatic function in the hepatic failure groups because verapamil is mainly metabolized in the liver. From our data, it would seem appropriate that in patients with liver disease, doses of verapamil should be decreased by degree of hepatic failure.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.828-835
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to examine the biochemical parameters of hepatic function such as serum level of ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), and content of TG (triglyceride) and cholesterol, and tissue immunological changes of the $CCl_4$-treated rats with administration of the mixed sample extract (MSE). The liver weight in $CCl_4$-administered experimental control group (EC) was slightly higher than that of normal control (NC) group. Hepatic damage parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH & TG) in serum of the EC group were significantly higher than those in serum of the NC and silymarin-treated positive control (PC) group. On the other hand, these hepatic damage parameters of MSE-treated experimental (E1 & E2) groups were significantly lower than those of EC group. The number of WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets, and the contents of hemoglobin, and hematocrit in EC group were significantly higher than those of NC group. However, the number of WBC and lymphocytes in E1 and E2 groups were significantly lower than those of EC group. Also, the collagen developmental areas in the liver of NC and PC groups by hepatic immuno-histological findings were found slightly positive. Whereas, hepatic fibrous developmental tissue of EC group was strongly positive brown color band, those of E1 & E2 groups were decreased. Therefore, it was concluded that the induction of hepatic fibrous tissue activation had a preventive effect of MSE against the $CCl_4$-induced hepatic damage in rats. However, further study is needed in this filed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.164-174
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• 2011

Objective: The antiplatelet agent aspirin has been widely used for treating atherosclerosis in western medicine, and its efficacy has been proven in cardiac and extracardiac vascular diseases. On the other hand, Hyeolbuchukeo-tang has been widely used for treating blood stasis syndrome in traditional medicine. Therefore we investigated whether Hyeolbuchukeo-tang could have a synergic effect along with aspirin. Methods & Materials: Male $ApoE^{(-/-)}$ mice were randomly divided into three different experimental groups: a non-treated group(Control group), an aspirin-treated group(AP group), and an aspirin with Hyeolbuchukeo-tang-treated group(APH group). The control group was fed only an atherogenic diet, the AP group an atherogenic diet plus Aspirin 5 mg/kg, and the APH group an atherogenic diet plus Aspirin 5 mg/kg with Hyeolbuchukeo-tang 100 mg/kg. We investigated plasma lipid with liver function test, and performed the histological investigation of liver and abdominal aorta. Results: 1. We investigated photomicrographic changes of liver and abdominal aorta tissue. They showed that histological injury of aorta and lipid accumulations of the liver were lower in the AP and APH groups than in the control group. 2. In the APH group, plasma triglyceride levels were significantly lower than those in the control and AP groups. 3. There were no differences in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels among the control, AP and APH groups. Conclusion: The above results show that a combined treatment of Hyeolbuchukeo-tang and aspirin has a somewhat synergic effect in terms of inhibiting vessel injury and decreasing lipid deposits on liver cells without liver toxicity.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.171-195
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• 2003

Objectives: This experimental study has been done to compare the Os Draconis composition before and after using processing method. Os Draconis has a quality for calming the liver meridian function and relaxation the mind. Methods: I studied the Os Draconis and processed Os Draconis by vinegar to compare the compositions and its' character. Results: Os Draconis is not a dinosaur's bone fossil but a mammal's bone fossil which has a Calcite mineral, an Apatite mineral, $SiO_2\;Al_2$ O, etc. Os Draconis contains a main ingredients CaO>50.00%. Processed Os Draconis which is heated and soaked in vinegar changes to weak condition Conclusion: Os Draconis is supposed to be a mammal's bone fossil. Some Os Draconis has a radioactive substance like a U, Th so we pay heed to deal with it in a medical clinic.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine the changes of serum enzyme activities in rats with hepatic injury induced by the administration of AAPH. Minor behavioral change, brittleness of skin hair and decreased water and fled intake were observed in rats administered intraperitoneally with AAPH. Serum AST and ALT activities pre-treatment were $65{\pm} 13.8 and 32{\pm}$ 12.6 IU/L, respectively and increased sharply from 2 hours of administration and reached $1248{\pm} 77.6 and 946{\pm}$ 45.6 IU/L, respectively at 48 hours of administration. Serum ALP and $\gamma -GTP activities pretreatment were 221 {\pm} 75.6 and 2.2{\pm}$ 0.35 IU/L respectively and increased sharply from 8 hours of administration and reached $767{\pm} 44.9 IU/L and 8.0{\pm} 1.23 IU/L,$ respectively at 48 hours of administration.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4529-4532
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• 2013

Background: Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) has been widely used to prevent the massive blood loss during hepatic carcinoma. The influences of ANH on coagulation function are still controversy, especially in elderly patients. The study observed ANH effects on coagulation function and fibrinolysis in elderly patients undergoing the disease. Materials and Methods: Thirty elderly patients (aged 60-70 yr) with liver cancer (ASA I or II) taken hepatic carcinectomy from February 2007 to February 2008 were randomly divided into ANH group (n=15) and control group (n=15). After tracheal intubation, patients in ANH group and control group were infused with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) and Ringer's solution, respectively. Blood samples were drawn from patients in both groups at five different time points: before anesthesia induction (T1), 30 min after ANH (T2), 1 h after start of operation (T3), immediately after operation (T4), and 24 h after operation (T5). Then coagulation function, soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC), prothrombin fragment (F1+2), and platelet membrane glycoprotein (CD62P and activated GP IIb/GP IIIa) were measured. Results: The perioperative blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion were recorded during the surgery. The perioperative blood loss was not significantly different between two groups (p>0.05), but the volume of allogeneic blood transfusion in ANH group was significantly less than in control group ($350.0{\pm}70.7$) mL vs. ($457.0{\pm}181.3$) mL (p<0.01). Compared with the data of T1, the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) measured after T3 were significantly longer (p<0.05) in both groups, but within normal range. There were no significant changes of thrombin time (TT) and D-dimer between two groups at different time points (p>0.05). SFMC and F1+2 increased in both groups, but were not statistically significant. PAC-1-positive cells and CD62P expressions in patients of ANH group were significantly lower than those at T1 (p<0.05) and T2-T5 (p>0.05). Conclusions: ANH has no obvious impact on fibrinolysis and coagulation function in elderly patients undergoing resection of liver cancer. The study suggested that ANH is safe to use in elderly patients and it could reduce allogeneic blood transfusion.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.268-272
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• 2013

This study is designed as pilot study to report the efficacy and safety of long term medication of Oncheongeum-gamibang on atopic dermatitis. The patient of atopic dermatitis was asked to take Oncheongeum-gamibang for 3 months. Every end of month, he had gotten hematological test and SCORAD Index examination. After the clinical trial was done, he had additional examination to see the changes and duration of medicinal effect. During the period of taking Onchung-um, estimation of symptoms by SCORAD Index examination showed little bit of improvement while taking medicine and after one month, the improvement was maintained. There were no significant changes in hematologic test and liver function test during and at the end of the clinical trial. We were able to find out that it is effective and safe to take long term medication of Oncheongeum-gamibang for an individual. However, due to deficiency of the cases and immunological values, there will be additional study to make up for better result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.98-98
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• 1997

This study was done to investigate the effect of vitamin E on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced hepatic injury in isolated perfused rat liver. Rats were pretreated with vitamin E or vehicle(soybean oil). Isolated livers from fasted 18 hours were subjected to 45min of low flow hypoxia or N$_2$ hypoxia followed by reoxygenation for 30min. The perfusion medium used was KHBB(pH 7.4) and 50${\mu}$㏖/$\ell$ of ethoxycoumarin was added to the perfusate to determine the ability of hepatic drug-metabolizing systems, In low flow hypoxia model, total glutathione and oxidised glutathione levels were significantly increased by hepoxia/reoxygenation with slight increase in LDH levels. These increases were prevented by vitamin E pretreatment. In N$_2$ hypoxia model, LDH, total glutathione and oxidized glutathione levels were increased significantly by hypoxia but restored to normal level by reoxygenation. Vitamin E had little effect on this hypoxic damage. There were no significant changes in the rate of hepatic oxidation of 7-EC to 7-HC in both hepoxic models. But, the subsequent conjugation of 7-HC by sulfate or glucuronic acid were significantly decreased by hypoxia, but restored by reoxygenation in both hypoxia models. As opposed to our expectation, treatment with vitamin E aggrevated the decrease of the rate of conjugation and even inhibited the restoration by reoxygenation. Our findings suggest that hypoxia/reoxygenation diminishes phase II drug metabolizing function and this is, in part, related to decreased energy level.