• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2015

Purpose: Recent studies have suggested that decreased serum potassium level may contribute to various metabolic disorders in adult patients including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to study the correlation between serum potassium levels and the histologic severity of NAFLD in children. Methods: Pediatric patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data were obtained. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether potassium levels are associated with the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or fibrosis after adjusting for possible confounders. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 125 biopsies, 49.6% (62) had evidence of NASH while 66.4% (83) had some degree of fibrosis (stage 1-3). Mean serum potassium was significantly lower in NASH group as compared to non-NASH group ($4.4{\pm}0.42mmoL/L$ vs. $4.8{\pm}0.21$, p<0.001). Higher potassium level had negative correlation with presence of steatosis, ballooning, lobular inflammation, fibrosis and NAFLD activity score (p<0.05). On multivariable analysis and after adjusting for the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, higher potassium level was significantly associated with lower likelihood of having a histological diagnosis of NASH on biopsy (odds ratio [OR], 0.12; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.05-0.28; p<0.001). Similarly, the likelihood of having fibrosis decreases by 76% for every 0.5 mmoL/L increase in potassium (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.11-0.54; p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows an inverse relationship between serum potassium levels and the presence of aggressive disease (NASH and fibrosis) in children with NAFLD.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2010

고지방식이로 유발된 간과 신장의 손상에서 산마늘 메탄올 추출물의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 12주 동안 산마늘 메탄올 추출물 62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg/day를 투여한 결과 고지방식이로 유발된 혈청중의 AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine의 증가 억제와 간의 조직병리학적 변화를 감소시켜 지방간염과 신장의 손상이 현저하게 감소하였다. 또한, 항산화 효소인 superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase의 증가와 malondialdehyde의 감소로 항산화방어체계(antioxidant defense system)를 강화시켰다. 산마늘 메탄올 추출물 125 mg/kg 투여군은 대조군인 silymarin 100 mg/kg 투여군과 유사한 효과를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 산마늘 메탄올 추출물은 고지방식이로 유발되는 간과 신장의 손상을 완화하는 유용한 작용을 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.630-637
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• 2010

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lonicerae Flos, aqueous extracts of the dried flower bud part of Lonicera japonica on the 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced rat hypothyroidism. Aqueous extracts of Lonicerae Flos (LF yield = 23.80%) were administered, once day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 500 and 250 mg/kg (body weight), and hypothyroidism was induced by daily subcutaneous treatment of PTU 10 mg/kg for 28 days. The changes on the body weight, thyroid gland weights, serum thyroid hormone - thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tri-iodothyronine ($T_3$) and thyroxine ($T_4$), serum lipid profiles - total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride were observed with liver antioxidant defense system - lipid peroxidation, $H_2O_2$, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and serum asparte aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) analysis. Results were compared with Levothyroxine ($LT_4$) 0.5 mg/kg treated rats. As results of PTU treatment, marked decreases of body weights, serum thyroid hormone levels and triglyceride contents, liver $H_2O_2_3$ and SOD activities were observed with increases of serum AST and HDL contents, liver CAT activities, thyroid gland weight. However, these PTU induced hypothyroidism were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of LF extracts, and LF extracts effectively regulated the hypothyroidism related changes on the antioxidant defense system. The results obtained in this study suggest that LF extracts have favorable effects on the thyroid hormone productions with beneficial effects on the hypothyroidism mediated by the modulatory effects on the antioxidant defense system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2008

The preventive hypolipidemic effect of the aqueous extracts of Picrorrhiza Rhizoma (PR) was observed in a high fat diet (HFD) feeding hyperlipidemic mouse with their hepatoprotective effects. PR extracts (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) were orally dosed once a day for 12 weeks initiated with HFD supply, and changes on body weight and gains, liver weight, serum aspartate transferase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) levels were monitored with serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. The efficacy of test articles was compared to that of 10mg/kg of simvastatin (SIMVA). Dramatic decrease of both absolute and relative liver weight was dose-dependently observed in all PR extract dosing groups as compared with HFD control group. The serum AST and ALT levels were dose-dependently decreased in PR extract dosing groups. The serum LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were dose-dependently decreased in PR extract dosing groups compared to that of HFD control group. The serum HDL levels were slightly but dose-dependently increased in PR extract dosing groups as compared with control group. The efficacy on the serum lipid levels of PR extracts was slighter than that of SIMVA. Based on these results, it is concluded that water extract of PR has a relatively good favorable preventive effects on the HFD inducing hyperlipidemia and hepatopathy.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 급속동결 deep etching법을 이용하여 흰쥐에서 담세관주위세포질에 있는 미세사와 용해소체 및 소포등 세포내소기관들이 어떻게 담즙분비에 관여하는지를 알아 보고자 하였다. Taurocholic acid를 투여한 군은 정상군에 있어서와 같이 미세사가 담세관 주위를 둘러싸면서 담세관 원형질막과 다른 세포내소기관에 부착되어 있었다. 이들 담세관 주위의 미세사들은 미세융모속에서 다발을 이루고 있었으며 담세관 둘레에서는 관주위직을 형성하면서 연접복합체에 결합되어 있었다. 미세사는 또한 담세관 원형질막과 소포사이에 걸쳐있는 것도 관찰되었다. 이상의 소견으로 미루어 미세사는 담세관에서의 담즙의 분비를 돕는 소기관임을 알 수 있는데 특히 담세관에 융합할 수 있도록 소포의 전위를 유도하는 기구로서 작용할 것으로 추정된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2019

Objectives Coptidis Rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza Uralensis are herbs that treat obesity and dampness-phlegm. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of Coptidis Rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza Uralensis on lipid deposition with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Male 6-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were divided into three groups: control group (Ctrl), high fat diet group (HFF), and high fat diet with Coptidis Rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza Uralensis extract administration group (CGT). Each 10 mice were allocated to each group (total of 30 mice). All mice were allowed to eat fat rich diet freely throughout the experiment. To examine the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza Uralensis, we observed weight changes, total cholesterol and glucose levels, lipid blot distributions, PGC-1, p-$I{\kappa}B$, and p-JNK. Results Body weights for all mice were measured and analyzed the difference between the groups. Weight gain was significantly lower in CGT group than the HFF group. Total cholesterol and glucose levels were significantly lower in CGT group. The distribution of lipid blots and positive reaction of PGC-1 were significantly lower in CGT group. The positive reaction of p-$I{\kappa}B$ in hepatic tissues was significantly lower in CGT group. The positive reaction of p-JNK in hepatic tissues was significantly lower in CGT group. Conclusions Coptidis Rhizoma and Glycyrrhiza Uralensis have the effect of improving non - alcoholic fatty liver induced insulin resistance through regulation of lipid metabolism.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2022

Objective: Asafoetida is a gum derived from Ferula assa-foetida, which is used in traditional Iranian medicine to treat some reproductive system disorders. The effects of asafoetida on ovarian tissue, expression of certain genes associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and levels of liver, kidney, and blood cell factors after treatment in a rat model were investigated. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into five groups: normal, polycystic, and treatment with three doses of asafoetida (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 3 weeks after PCOS induction). PCOS was induced by letrozole at a dose of 1 mg/kg administered orally for 3 weeks. Blood samples were taken, and the ovaries were removed and prepared for histomorphometric examination. Liver and kidney parameters were measured. The mRNA expression levels of luteinizing hormone receptor, CYP11A1, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, adiponectin, and adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 were also measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The levels of liver, kidney, and blood parameters did not significantly differ between the treatment groups and the control group. At doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg, ovarian histopathology, especially the thicknesses of the theca and granulosa layers, was significantly improved relative to the PCOS group. The expression of target genes also improved in the 25 and 50 mg/kg treatment groups. Conclusion: Asafoetida can be used to treat PCOS as a complementary approach to conventional therapies. Asafoetida appears to act by regulating and activating metabolic and ovarian cycle enzymes.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2023

Objectives : Present study investigated the hepatoprotective effects and the optimal mixing ratio of fermented Schizandrae Fructus Pomace (fSFP) and Hoveniae Semen Cum Fructus (HSCF) extract combination in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute liver injury mice. Methods : ICR mice were orally administered with 200 mg/kg of fSFP, HSCF and mixtures of fSFP and HSCF [MSH (w:w); 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, and 8:1] for 7 consecutive days. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was administered as a reference drug. 0.5 mL/kg of CCl₄ was injected intraperitoneally to induce acute liver injury. Body weight gain, relative liver weight, serum chemistry, histopathological analysis, and hepatic endogenous antioxidants capacities were observed. Results : All diverse combinations of MSH significantly reduced relative liver weight increase by CCl₄. In addition, MSH administrations significantly decreased the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities by CCl₄. Histopathological observation indicated that all MSH treatments significantly reduced the increase of degenerated hepatocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and histological activity index score by CCl₄. Moreover, all MSH administrations reduced the elevation of malondialdehyde contents, and ameliorated the reduction of hepatic glutathione contents, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity. Among the various mixing ratio of MSH combinations, MSH 1:1 and 2:1 showed the most potent anti-oxidative stress, and hepatoprotective effect. Conclusion : Present results suggest that 1:1 and 2:1 combinations of MSH is promising herbal formulation with the hepatoprotective effect against oxidative stress.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.942-946
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• 2015

장수풍뎅이(Korean Rhinoceros Beettle, Allomyrina dichotoma)는 관상용으로 인기가 높으며, 애벌레는 식품으로 주목을 받고 있다. 장수풍뎅이의 대량사육 시 발생하는 질병의 원인이 최근에 virus (Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus)인 것이 보고되었다. 그러나 아직 정확한 발병기전과 치료방법을 알지 못하여 사육농가에 심각한 경제적 손실을 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 virus에 감염된 장수풍뎅이의 fat body와 장에서 심각한 조직변화가 관찰되었다. 이 때에 유전자발현이 상승하는 것으로 BTF3H4-like, SPS-like, COPB1, T-CP, HSP70를 보고한다. 이 결과는 장수풍뎅이의 대량사육 시 발생하는 질병의 조기진단과 치료에 실마리를 제공할 것이다. 그리고 안정적인 생산성 향상을 통해서 소득증대 효과 및 균일화된 대량사육을 통해서 식품원료로 인정받을 수 있을 것이다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1992

The influences of dietary aflatoxin B1 on performance, on hematologic, pathologic and immunologic changes in broiler chickens were studied. One hundred and fifty hatched broiler chickens were fed with diet containing aflatoxin B1 (1.0 ppm and 2.5 ppm) fot three weeks. Blood samples, serum, and immune organs were obtained to investigate hematological, clinico-chemical, and histopathologial changes. Body weight gain and feed intake were significantly decreased. The liver and kidney were increased, whereas the bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus were decreased.