• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.579-585
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• 2003

The studies were carried out on the correlation between microsomal lipid peroxidation level and drug metabolizing enzyme activities in rat liver microsomal suspensions on various ages (2-week-old, 2, 4, 8, and 12-month-old). The lipid peroxidation levels of liver homogenates tended to be elevated in a 4-month-old rat livers, but it was a little decreased in 8 and 12-month-old rat livers. The lipid peroxidation levels of microsomal suspension was not shown any significant differences by ages. Lipid peroxidation levels and microsomal cytochrome P450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity showed a direct correlation (r=0.72 and r=0.64), respectively. The activities of cytochrome P450-dependent aminopyrine-N-demethylase and benzpyrene hydroxylase in rat liver microsomes were increased by ages up to 8-month-old rats and maintained in 12-month-old rats. The correlation between lipid peroxidation levels and these cytochrome-dependent enzyme activities showed a high direct correlation (r=0.97 and r=0.81), respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.204-210
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate effects of Chiarella vulgaris on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet. Sixty 6-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups; normal diet group and high fat diet group, then the rats in each group were further divided into three subgroups and fed 0%, 5% and 10% (w/w) chlorella-containing diets, respectively, and raised for 9 weeks, Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein and albumin concentration were not different among groups. Serum total lipids and liver TG concentration were significantly lower in 5% and 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella group in high fat diet groups (p<0.05). Serum TG, serum total cholesterol, liver total lipid and liver total cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella group in high fat diet groups (p<0.05). Fecal total lipid, TG and total cholesterol excretions were significantly higher in 5% and 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella groups in normal diet and high fat diet groups, respectively (p<0.05). These results suggest that Chlorella vulgaris is effective for prevention of dyslipidemia which may be due to the modulation of lipid metabolism and increased fecal excretion of lipid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.940-944
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• 1998

This research was performed to investigate the effect of Codonopsis lanceolata water extracted on the levels of lipid in serum and liver of rats fed high fat diet for 6 weeks. Experimental groups were divided into normal group(NF), high fat diet group(HF), high fat diet and Codonopsis lanceolata water extract treated group(HFW). Codonopsis lanceolata water extract was orally administrated at the level of 0.1ml/100g body weight per day. Body weight gain and feed intake were not significantly different in three groups, but feed efficiency ratio was increased in HF and HFW. The weights of liver, kidney, heart were not significantly different among the groups. The level of serum total lipid was higher in HF than NF, but Codonopsis lanceolata water extract decreased the level of the lipid. The levels of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly increased in HF, but they were significantly decreased by administration of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. The levels of serum HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were slightly increased by Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. Codonopsis lanceolata water extract significantly decreased the levels of liver total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol which were increased by high fat diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.196-204
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disease triggered by epigenetic alterations, including lysine acetylation at histone or non-histone proteins, affecting the stability or transcription of lipogenic genes. Although various natural dietary compounds have anti-lipogenic effects, their effects on the acetylation status and lipid metabolism in the liver have not been thoroughly investigated. MATERIALS/METHODS: Following oleic-palmitic acid (OPA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells, the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, HAT activity, and mRNA expression of representative lipogenic genes, including $PPAR{\gamma}$, SREBP-1c, ACLY, and FASN, were evaluated. Furthermore, correlations between lipid accumulation and HAT activity for 22 representative natural food extracts (NExs) were evaluated. RESULTS: Non-histone protein acetylation increased following OPA treatment and the acetylation of histones H3K9, H4K8, and H4K16 was accelerated, accompanied by an increase in HAT activity. OPA-induced increases in the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes were down-regulated by C-646, a p300/CBP-specific inhibitor. Finally, we detected a positive correlation between HAT activity and lipid accumulation (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.604) using 22 NExs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that NExs have novel applications as nutraceutical agents with HAT inhibitor activity for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

We investigated the pathogenesis of liver tissue damage during the lipid peroxidation and fibrogenesis with the observation of correlations between the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) and lipid peroxidation in liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) rats. Rats were randomly divided into two groups, normal and $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. intoxicated group. And the one group was treated intragastrically with the mixture of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. 3 times per week for 3 weeks. The liver tissue and sera were used for the measurement of hydroxyproline (HYP), malonedialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total-bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Additionally, the expression of collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) and $\beta$-actin mRNA was observed by RTPCR. The histological change in liver tissue was also observed by Masson's trichrome and H&E staining. Correlation analysis was carried by Spearman's rho method. All biochemical parameters except total-bilirubin were significantly higher in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group (p < 0.01). In the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group, Hyp as a parameter of collagen synthesis (deposition) and MDA as a metabolite of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated by 1.98 and 2.11 times higher than that of the normal group (p < 0.001) respectively. The activity of SOD in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group is decreased significantly by 44.8% (p < 0.001). And collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) mRNA was more expressed in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group. However, the expression of $\beta$-actin mRNA is showed similar in both of groups. A good correlation was observed between the content of hyp and MDA concentration (r = 0.70, n = 40) in the two groups. And the correlation between the levels of hyp and SOD (r = -0.71, n = 25) is also reliable. However, no correlation were observed between MDA concentration and SOD (r = -0.40, n = 25) in the two groups. Elevated levels of MDA in $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated rats indicated enhancement of lipid peroxidation, which is accompanied by a decrease in SOD activity. Moreover, we could confirm that the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) is in good correlation with the metabolite of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the lipid peroxidation antagonizing enzyme (SOD). Hence, we propose that (1) lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) could be enhanced by intragastrically application of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. during a short terms. And (2) the intoxication of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. could be used for monitoring of lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) for test of antioxidant and antifibrotic agent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.412-417
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• 2006

This study evaluated the effectiveness of different arsenical sources on inducing fatty liver, on changes in lipid metabolism and on liver function in mule ducks. Sixty twelve-week-old mule ducks were selected and randomly divided into five treatments, including the control group and four different arsenical sources; Roxarsone (300 mg/kg), arsanilic acid, $As_2O_5$ or $As_2O_3$, containing 85.2 mg/kg arsenic were included in the basal diet. The ducks were fed the medicated basal diet for 3 weeks followed by a one-week drug withdrawal. The results showed Roxarsone treatment decreased body weight, feed intake, liver weight and abdominal fat weight (p<0.05), while it increased the relative liver weight (p<0.05) during medication period ($3^{rd}$ week). The $As_2O_5$ treatment decreased abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat weight when compared to the control (p<0.05). Only Roxarsone among the treatment groups increased feed intake, liver weight and relative liver weight, while the $As_2O_3$ group showed the lightest liver weight and relative liver weight among treatment groups during the withdrawal period ($4^{th}$ week). The Roxarsone group decreased (p<0.05) NADP-malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activities and increased (p<0.05) cholesterol concentration during the medication period, and elevated the MDH and ACC activities during the withdrawal period. All four arsenical treatment groups showed lymphocytic infiltration in liver tissue, while the Roxarsone and $As_2O_3$ treatments showed an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities (p<0.05). During the withdrawal period, arsenical treatments resulted in liver vacuoles. However, the arsenicals differed in effectiveness and mechanisms of inducing fat vacuoles.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.7 no.1_2
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• pp.35-43
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• 1992

Mugwort has been used as a Korean folk medicine in treating liver diseases acting as an analgesics, sedative, diuresis, choleretics. This study was perfomed to evaluate the effect of mugwort extracts on the changes of enzyme activities, lipid accumulation of the serum and liver, when hepatotoxicity was induced by benzo(a)pyrene. The results are as follows: 1. Mugwort water extract administration prevented the increase of serum and liver AST, ALT, LDH, ${\gamma}$-GTP, liver ALP activities and bilirubin content caused by B(a)P injection. 2. The increase of serum and liver ALT, LDH, ${\gamma}$-GTP, serum AST activities and liver bilirubin contents in B(a)P treated group were decreased by mugwort methanol extract treatment. 3. Serum and liver total cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride level and serum HDL-cholesterol level were increased by B(a)P treatment. After combined treatment of mugwort water and methanul extracts, these lipid content were significantly decreased. 4. The hepatotropic effect of mugwort water extract and after-treatment against B(a)P induced hepatotoxicity was superior to that of methanol extract and pretreatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.687-696
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate effects of hesperidin and naringin on linpid peroxide formation and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were measured in plasma and liver. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured in erythrocyte and liver. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dauley rats weighing 275.3$\pm$3.3g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight and were raised fro four weeks on diets containing 0.25, 0.50 or 1.00%(w/w) hesperidin or naringin . Food intake, weight gain , food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen ,and epididymal fat pad were not significantly different among groups. In 0.50 and 1.00% naringin groups , plasma TBARS concentrations were significantly decreased with a dose response patter. In 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00% hesperidin groups, liver TBARS concentrations were significantly decreased without a dose dependent patter. Antiosidative enzyme activities in erythrocyte and liver were not significantly affected by type and amountof dietary bioflavonoid, but in the 1.00% hesperidin group, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutahione perosidase activities in linver showed a tendency to increase. In conclusion, naringin inhibited lipid peroxide formation with a dose response pattern in plasma without changing the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Hesperidin adminstration, regardless of the level in the diet, inhibited lipid peroxide formation in liver.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.309-321
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of folic acid supplementation in high-fructose-induced hepatic steatosis and clarify the underlying mechanism of folic acid supplementation. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male SD rats were fed control, 64% high-fructose diet, or 64% high-fructose diet with folic acid for eight weeks. Plasma glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, lipid profiles, hepatic lipid content, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were measured. RESULTS: The HF diet significantly increased hepatic total lipid and triglyceride (TG) and decreased hepatic SAM, SAH, and SAM:SAH ratio. In rats fed a high fructose diet, folic acid supplementation significantly reduced hepatic TG, increased hepatic SAM, and alleviated hepatic steatosis. Moreover, folic acid supplementation in rats fed high fructose enhanced the levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and liver kinase B (LKB1) and inhibited phosphorylation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in the liver. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the protective effect of folic acid supplementation in rats fed high fructose may include the activation of LKB1/AMPK/ACC and increased SAM in the liver, which inhibit hepatic lipogenesis, thus ameliorating hepatic steatosis. The present study may provide evidence for the beneficial effects of folic acid supplementation in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1996

This research was performed to Investigate the effects of green tea on the lipid composition of serum and liver and the specific activities of antioxidative enzymes. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed 10% fat diet with lard and fish oil. Powdered green tea was added to the lard and fish oil diet at the level of 0.1% and 1%. After 6 weeks of feeding, serum and liver were obtained from experimental rats. Then we measured the concentration of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. From liver cytosolic fraction, we analized the specific activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. The level of total cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol was increased by the fish oil in the serum. But in the liver, the level of total cholesterol was increased by the fish oil and green tea than the lard. The specific activities of glutathione S-transferase were more increased in the fish oil than the lard. There was not effect of the green tea of daily dose on the lipid composition of serum and liver and the specific activities of antioxidative enzymes in rats.