• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.976-980
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• 1996

To elucidate the effect of acute ethanol pretreatment on some toluene metabolizing enzyme activities, rats were divided into 4groups: control, alcohol-treated, toluene-treated, rat's and toluene-treated rats pretreated with ethanol. The alcohol or toluene-treated rats showed the significantly increased activities of hepatic aniline hydroxylase(AH) and aminopyrine demethylase(AD) compared to the control group. And the toluene-treated rats pretreated with ethanol showed somewhat decreased tendency of these enzyme activities compared to only toluene-treated rats. Liver benzylalcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were higher in alcohol or toluene-treated rats than those of the control group. The toluene-treated rats showed the decreased tendency of benzylalcohol dehydrogenase activities by the pretreatment of alcohol. Furthermore, toluene treated-rats showed the markedly decreased activity of benzaldehyde dehydrogenase by the ethanol pretreat-ment. On the other hand, hepatic xanthine oxidase activity in toluene-treated animals pretreated with ethanol was significantly higher than those of the toluene alone-treated rats. These results indicate that the combination of ethanol with toluene treatment for a short period of time possibly results in decreased activity of some toluene metabolizing enzymes in rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.684-692
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chongkukjang intake on lipid metabolism and liver function in ethanol consumed rats. Twenty one Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 4 weeks old were used as experimental animals, which were divided into three dietary groups; casein diet(CA), soybean diet(SB) and chongkukjang diet(CJ). Alcohol was consumed with water as 25%(v/v) ethanol solution. After 4 weeks of experimental period, rats were sacrificed to get blood and liver samples for analysis of lipids, lipid peroxides, antioxidative enzymes and biochemical indices of liver function. The mean body weight, food intake and liver index were not significantly different among three groups. Serum level of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol of chongkukjang diet group was the lowest among three groups although the difference was not significant. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly(p<0.05) higher in chongkukjang diet group than that of casein diet group. LDL-cholesterol level of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. Liver TBARS of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. The superoxide dismutase activity of chongkukjang diet group was significantly(p<0.05) higher than that of casein diet group. Catalase activity was not significantly different among three groups. As indices of liver function, glutamic oxaloacetic transminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transminase(GPT), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase($\gamma$-GTP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were not significantly different among three groups. Serum alcohol concentration and activities of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were not significantly different among three groups. The chongkukjang diet seems to give a beneficial effect for improving lipid metabolism by increasing HDL-cholesterol level and SOD activity while reducing liver TBARS level. However, effect on liver function has to be investigated further.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1996

An ethanol administration causes hepatic triglyceride accumulation in rats. To assess whether the herbal extract containing Phaseoli radiati semen(herbal extract) inhibit s the triglyceride accumulation in the liver, we determined the hepatic triglyceiide levels in rats fed ethanol and the herbal extract. In addition, the blood ethanol concentrations and the activities of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were measured to determine the effects of the herbal extract on alcohol metabolism in rats. The administration of the herbal extract markedly reduced the triglyceride levels elevated by ethanol in the liver as well as in the serum. The herbal extract remarkably lowered blood ethanol concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The ADH activities decreased by ethanol were recovered to the normal level by the herbal extract treatment. Moreover, the ALDH activities slightly decreased by ethanol increased beyond the normal level by the herbal extract treatment. We conclude that the herbal extract inhibits the hepatic triglyceride accumulation and stimulates alcohol metabolism by preventing ADH and ALDH from inhbition by the ethanol administration in the rat liver.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2002

Objective:This study was to explore the relation of genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 and CYP2E1 to clinical characteristics of alcoholic patients and alcohol induced liver damage. Methods:The genotype and allele frequencies of 128 male hospitalized patients who met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence were compared with 128 healthy male control subjects. The genetic informations of ALDH2 and CYP2E1 were identified with the technique of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The clinical characteristics of the alcoholic patients were assessed and analyzed in relation to the family history of alcoholism. For the relation of CYP2E1 genetic polymorphism to the liver damage, the blood levels of various liver function indicators such as ALT, AST, and protein were checked out. Results:1) The alcoholic patients with the family history of alcoholism had the earlier onset of age (p=0.001), the longer duration of illness(p=0.045), and higher NCA scores(p=0.018) than those without the family history of alcoholism. 2) Most alcoholic patients were homozygous for $ALDH2^*1$, compared to control subjects.(p=0.000) 3) There was no difference of CYP2E1 distribution between alcoholic patients and control subjects. However, alcoholic patients having mutant c2 allele showed higher alcoholism severity scores(p=0.004) and more hospitalizations(p=0.014) than those having c1 allele. 4) There was no relationship between CYP2E1 genotype and the functional abnormalities of the liver. Conclusion:This study suggests that $ALDH2^*1$ is highly related with alcohol dependence. Also mutant c2 allele of CYP2E1 is correlated with the severity of alcoholism and the number of hospitalization. But genetic polymorphim of CYP2E1 seems to have no relation to liver damages.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2003

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate effects of the Sungjuchunggan-tang(Xingjiuqinggan-tang), which has been used for alcoholic diseases in Oriental medicine, on alcoholic metabolism and alcoholic liver damage. Methods : We evaluated the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH)and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH), and measured the levels of AST, ALT, glucose, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid in serum of guinea pigs. Results and Conclusions : In this experiment, Sungjuchunggan-tang, Pharbitidis Semen and Puerariae Radix significantly suppressed the activity of ADH which is a precursor enzyme of acetaldehyde. Sungjuchunggan-tang and Pharbitidis Semen significantly suppressed the activity of ALDH, which is a catabolic enzyme, and increased its level. Due to alcohol consumption, level of ALT and AST were significantly reduced. These experimental results suggest that Sungjuchunggan-tang and Pharbitidis Semen inhibit the formation of acetaldehyde in the metabolism of alcohol, and affect the recovery of weakened liver functions caused by alcohol.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2004

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants on ethanol-metabolism. Sprague Dawley rats divided into 6 groups (n=8), fed with 10% ethanol and diets supplemented with each 1% of four plant extracts, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ (as positive control) and fiber (as negative control) for 4 weeks. Group supplemented with plant extract of Ulmus davidiana showed the most high value (322 nM NADH/min/mg protein) in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity among the experimented groups $(144{\sim}312\;nM\;NADH/min/mg\;protein)$ at p<0.05. Groups fed with Lagerstroemia indica and Zelkova serrata extract-supplemented diets indicated high activity in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, 16.7 & 12.3 M NADH/min/mg protein), which were comparatively lower than 20.1 M NADH/min/mg protein of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ fed group. All of the groups fed with plant extracts indicated very low GPT activities $(13.9{\sim}17.3\;IU/l)$ compared to those (146.1 & 128.6 IU/l) fed with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and fiber at p<0.05. From these results, it is suggested that Lagerstroemia indica have a potent ethanol-metabolizing activity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1996

We studied the effects of a single, combined and mixed exposure of benzene, toluene and xylene on the activities of rat liver microsomal AHH, ADH and ALDH, and the excretion of their metabolites in urine. The AHH activities of the rats treated in combination and mixture were slightly higher and/or similar to those rats treated with single solvent, while the reverse effects were observed for ADH and ALDH. Similar effects were observed when the metabolites were examined in urine (p < 0.01). These results suggest that each solvent might interJkre the induction and action of ADH and ALDH, and decrease the excretion of their metabolites into urine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.463-470
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• 2023

This study confirmed the change in functional composition and alcohol-induced acute liver injury in Aloe arborescens after fermentation. An acute liver injury was induced by administration of ethanol (3 g/kg/day) to C57BL/6J mice for 5 days. A fermented A. arborescens Miller leaf (FAAL) extract was orally administered 30 minutes before ethanol treatment. After fermentation, the emodin content was approximately 13 times higher than that of the raw material. FAAL extract significantly attenuated ethanol-induced aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and triglyceride increases in serum and liver tissue. Histological analysis revealed that FAAL extract inhibits inflammatory cell infiltration and fat accumulation in liver tissues. The cytochrome P450 2E1, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (GSH), which involved in alcohol-induced oxidative stress, were effectively regulated by FAAL extract in serum and liver tissues, except for GSH. FAAL also maintained the antioxidant defense system by upregulating heme oxygenase 1 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein expression. In addition, FAAL extract inhibited the decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, which promoted alcohol metabolism and prevented the activation of inflammatory response. Our results suggest that FAAL could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for ethanol-induced acute liver injury.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2012

Ground seawater in the east area of the volcanic Jeju Island contains abundant minerals. We investigated the metabolic activity of electrodialyzed, desalted ground seawater (EDSW) from Jeju in both cultured cells and animals. The addition of EDSW to the culture medium (up to 20%, v/v) reduced the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and increased MTT activity in CHO-IR cells. EDSW (10%) promoted insulin-induced glucose consumption in L6 muscle cells as well as the activities of the liver ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Moreover, EDSW suppressed palmitate-induced intracellular fat accumulation in human hepatoma $HepG_2$ cells. Activities of AMP-stimulated protein kinase and acetyl CoA carboxylase, enzymes that modulate fat metabolism, were altered by EDSW in $HepG_2$ cells toward the suppression of intracellular lipid accumulation. EDSW also suppressed hepatic fat accumulation induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Taken together, EDSW showed beneficial metabolic effects, including the enhancement of ethanol metabolism and insulin-induced glucose consumption, and the suppression of intrahepatic fat accumulation.

• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2023

Objectives : Alcohol-induced liver disease advances as to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular lipid peroxidation increase. We examined the hepatoprotective effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome extract (ZR), Pueraria lobata Ohwi flower extracts (PF), and a newly developed herbal juice (HJ), which was a combination of ZR and PF extracts, against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: The study utilized the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells to validate the hepatoprotective effect of HJ (50~200 ㎍/mL) against ethanol (EtOH, 700 mM)-induced liver damage. Results: HJ effectively reduced the protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, adiponectin, and AMP-activated protein kinase in EtOH-induced HepG2 cells. The levels of ROS, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, which are the result of various synthesis and lipogenesis processes induced by EtOH in the liver, were reduced by HJ. Furthermore, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, enzymes linked to alcohol degradation, were more effectively downregulated by HJ treatment compared to treatment with ZR and PF alone, all without causing cytotoxic effects. Conclusions: HJ protects the liver by inhibiting EtOH-induced lipogenesis, lowering ROS generation, and improving alcohol degradation, which is more effective than ZR and PF alone. Further, in vivo experiments can offer additional evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, and underlying mechanism of action of HJ.