• Journal of Science Education
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to look qualitatively into how efficiently and reasonably a computer can learn themes related to the Nature of Science (NOS). In this regard, a corpus has been constructed focusing on literature (920 abstracts) related to NOS, and factors of the optimized Word2Vec (CBOW, Skip-gram) were confirmed. According to the four dimensions (Inquiry, Thinking, Knowledge and STS) of NOS, the comparative evaluation on the word-level word embedding was conducted. As a result of the study, according to the previous studies and the pre-evaluation on performance, the CBOW model was determined to be 200 for the dimension, five for the number of threads, ten for the minimum frequency, 100 for the number of repetition and one for the context range. And the Skip-gram model was determined to be 200 for the number of dimension, five for the number of threads, ten for the minimum frequency, 200 for the number of repetition and three for the context range. The Skip-gram had better performance in the dimension of Inquiry in terms of types of words with high similarity by model, which was checked by applying it to the four dimensions of NOS. In the dimensions of Thinking and Knowledge, there was no difference in the embedding performance of both models, but in case of words with high similarity for each model, they are sharing the name of a reciprocal domain so it seems that it is required to apply other models additionally in order to learn properly. It was evaluated that the dimension of STS also had the embedding performance that was not sufficient to look into comprehensive STS elements, while listing words related to solution of problems excessively. It is expected that overall implications on models available for science education and utilization of artificial intelligence could be given by making a computer learn themes related to NOS through this study.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.303-313
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• 2018

This study considers time series models to forecast drug expenditures in national health insurance. We adopt autoregressive error model (ARE) and transfer function model (TFM) with segmented level and trends (before and after 2012) in order to reflect drug price reduction in 2012. The ARE has only a segmented deterministic term to increase the forecasting performance, while the TFM explains a causality mechanism of drug expenditure with closely related exogenous variables. The mechanism is developed by cross-correlations of drug expenditures and exogenous variables. In both models, the level change appears significant and the number of drug users and ratio of elderly patients variables are significant in the TFM. The ARE tends to produce relatively low forecasts that have been influenced by a drug price reduction; however, the TFM does relatively high forecasts that have appropriately reflected the effects of exogenous variables. The ARIMA model without the exogenous variables produce the highest forecasts.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.157-163
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• 2018

People who use SNS publish their diverse ideas on SNS every day. The data posted on the SNS contains many people's thoughts and opinions. In particular, popular keywords served on Twitter compile the number of frequently appearing words in user posts and rank them. However, this method is sensitive to unnecessary data simply by listing duplicate words. The proposed method determines the ranking based on the topic of the word using the relationship diagram between words, so that the influence of unnecessary data is less and the main word can be stably extracted. For the performance comparison in terms of the descending keyword rank and the ratios of meaningless keywords among high rank 20 keywords, we make a comparison between the proposed scheme which is based on morphological analysis and PageRank, and the existing scheme which is based on the number of appearances. As a result, the proposed scheme and the existing scheme have included 55% and 70% of meaningless keywords among high rank 20 keywords, respectively, where the proposed scheme is improved about 15% compared with the existing scheme.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

"Ito2", an early childhood educational coding game that allows students to learn sequential, loop, and conditional statement concepts through games is introduced. The developed game is a two-stage process of mock and practical classes for children in actual nursing cares, and coding education is conducted for actual children to determine its effectiveness. The degree of change is observed by observing trends in childhood cognitive development performance in all six areas, including parts and the overall, space, observation, shape and measurement, classification, comparison, and listing, as the coding training is conducted. In this paper, the improvement of cognitive development and spatial perceptual abilities were achieved by children playing games with infant functional coding with fun elements plus learning factors.

• Plant Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.37-41
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• 2021

P&ID((Piping and Instrument Diagram) is a key drawing in the engineering industry because it contains information about the units and instrumentation of the plant. Until now, simple repetitive tasks like listing symbols in P&ID drawings have been done manually, consuming lots of time and manpower. Currently, a deep learning model based on CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) is studied for drawing object detection, but the detection time is about 30 minutes and the accuracy is about 90%, indicating performance that is not sufficient to be implemented in the real word. In this study, the detection of symbols in a drawing is performed using 1-stage object detection algorithms that process both region proposal and detection. Specifically, build the training data using the image labeling tool, and show the results of recognizing the symbol in the drawing which are trained in the deep learning model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study aimed to utilize the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) tool to identify a problem list and explore intervention effects using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) for improving the crosswalk performance of patients who have undergone a bilateral hip arthroplasty. METHODS: The subject of this study was a 43-year-old male who had undergone a bilateral hip arthroplasty. To address the subject's functional status, a clinical decision-making process was carried out in the order of examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention, and outcome. Patient information during the examination was collected using the ICF core set. The evaluation involved listing the items of each problem using the ICF assessment sheet and identifying the interaction between activity limitations and the impairment level. The diagnosis explicitly described the causal relationships derived from the evaluation using ICF terminology. The prognosis presented activity goals, body function, and structured goals in terms of the activity and participation levels that needed to be achieved for an individual's functional status. The intervention approached problems through the four components of the PNF philosophy, namely basic principles and procedures, techniques, and patterns, in an indirect-direct-task sequence. Results were compared before and after the intervention using the ICF evaluation display. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that the primary activity limitation, which was the walking time across the crosswalk, showed improvement, and the trunk's counter rotation and the weight-bearing capacity of both the lower limbs, which were impairment level indicators, were enhanced. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that PNF intervention strategies will serve as a positive approach for improving crosswalk walking in patients with bilateral hip arthroplasty.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

New business management methods different from the past are necessary because of the rapid changes of the corporates' environment. KOSDAQ(Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotation) companies should be expected the more affirmative business performance of companies by listing, but it is a well-known that they have problems of low business performance mostly. This paper aims to investigate the influential factors on enhancing corporate innovation and nonfinantial business performance, and to clarify practical measures and present a solution of KOSDAQ companies' problems through analysis of previous researches and an empirical research. This research present corporate entrepreneurship and human resources innovation as impact factors on the business performance to apply finely the path of technological innovation for the solution of the relevance investigation limit between the complexity of corporates' innovation paths and the firms' performance. And also knowledge management activities and external networks management or the firms have been adopted as a corporate innovation activities for free from quantitative measures, such as conventional research and development(R&D) activities by considering recent corporates' knowledge business operations. The results of the empirical analysis shows that significant impact factors on corporate innovation activities are the firms' propensities of competitive advantage initiative, risk taking and chief executive officer's innovation. These can be interpreted that the CEOs' innovation propensity should be enhanced for stimulating corporate's innovaton activities, which include the CEOs' interest in the development of new technology, the exploiting new businesses and their support of the innovation discipline for employees. In addition, it can be said that it is necessary to intensify more initiatives within those enterprise for enhancing the competitive advantage in the identical industry. The significant impact factors of corporate entrepreneurship and human resource innovation on the non-financial performance are resulted as the propensities of firms' competitive advantage initiative, CEOs' innovation and employees' innovaton. This shows that the higher propensities of firms' competitive advantage initiative, CEOs' innovation and employees' innovaton, the higher the cognitive degrees of business performance within each corporate, which include the members' awareness about firms' sales growth, market share growth, profit ratio growth, customers' preference and corporates' awareness.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

There is a serious information asymmetry between internal managers and outside investors in the process during IPOs. One mechanism that mitigates this information asymmetry is a high quality auditor. Since prior research document auditors' effect on newly listed firms at the IPO year, what has not yet been revealed in previous studies is the behavior of firms and auditors after listing. In this study, we investigate (i) the firms tendency of contracting with Big N auditors, and (ii) the effect of Big N auditors on accounting quality after the years of IPOs. Using a sample of 7,678 (1,892 firm-years of after IPOs, and 5,786 control firm-years) KOSDAQ observations between 2002 and 2012, we find that the likelihood of contracting with Big N auditor lasts only for two years after IPO compare to that of non-IPO control years. Secondly, we find that the effect of Big N auditors on clients' earnings management lasts for a very short period after IPO. These findings suggest that although prior literature argue that Big N auditors reduce earnings management of their clients, at least the period right after IPO, it is not consistent. Our study contributes to the existing literature in several ways. First, we provide new evidences of firms' auditor selection decisions by investigating years after the listing. In second, as an evidence of accruals reversal, we document decrease in discretionary accruals after IPOs. Third, we find that there is not always a positive relation between Big N auditor and accounting quality by showing the insignificant Big N auditor effect after IPOs. Our results also suggest several implications to IPO related stakeholders. First, to IPO firms, we provide evidences that decisions of hiring auditors affect firms earnings. Also, lead IPO underwriters may consider how these decisions influence future performance. Second, investors may want to use information not only in the preofferings but also after public offerings. Our study insists that auditor hiring decisions affects their own welfare. Finally, accounting standard setters may find these results useful for evaluating how much discretion they should allow corporate managers to hire auditors. In addition, our result casts doubt on auditor designation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.21-33
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• 2013

This study analyzes the effects of diversification on business results and enterprise values of KOSDAQ-listed venture companies to inquire into the effective diversification strategies of venture companies after an initial public offering (IPO). In particular, this study used the Berry-Herfindahl index as a proxy variable regarding the level of diversification of venture companies, and categorized the diversification methods into M&As, strategic partnerships and establishment of subsidiaries to analyze the effects of the mutual interaction among such methods. The following is a summary of the results of the analysis. First, diversification did not have any statistically significant effects on business growth. However, it was found that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between diversification and the profitability of the company. Second, although no statistical significance was found between enterprise values measured based on diversification and market value, a U-shaped relationship or positive relationship was found. Third, M&As were found to moderate the relationship between diversification and business results and enterprise values. Fourth, strategic relationship and establishment of subsidiaries was found to moderate the relationship between diversification and the profit results of the company. Based on the above findings, this study discovered the practical implications regarding the diversification of venture companies after listing on the KOSDAQ.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.463-474
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• 2016

As IT environment has changed, paths of information security in financial environment which is based on IT have become more diverse and damage caused by information leakage has been more serious. Among security incidents, personal information leakage incident is liable to give the greatest damage. Personal information leakage incident is more serious than any other types of information leakage incidents in that it may lead to secondary damage. The purpose of this study is to find how much personal information leakage incident influences corporate value by analyzing 21 cases of personal information leakage incident for the last 15 years 1,899 listing firm through case research method and inferring investors' response of to personal information leakage incident surveying a change in transaction before and after personal information leakage incident. This study made a quantitative analysis of what influence personal information leakage incident has on outcome of investment by types of investors by classifying types of investors into foreign investors, private investors and institutional investors. This study is significant in that it helps improve awareness of importance of personal information security by providing data that personal information leakage incident can have a significant influence on outcome of investment as well as corporate value in Korea stock market.