• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.239-270
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• 2017

This paper examines the relationship between ownership structure and the intensity of R&D expenditures of a firm by analyzing the panel data composed of 553 manufacturing firms in KSE(Korea Stock Exchange) and KOSDAQ listed firms for the period of 2007-2014. The major findings are as follows; (1) Regarding the relationship between CEO stockholding and R&D intensity, we find the inverted-U shape relationship in KOSDAQ firms, consistent with the theoretical discussion and empirical studies on U.S. firms. The result suggests that management stockholding reduces agency problem at the R&D margin. On the contrary, the insignificant result in KSE firms seems to be due to the scant stockholding of most 'non-owner' CEOs. (2) Regarding the relationship between the largest shareholder's portion and R&D intensity, KSE firms exhibit negatively significant relationship, suggesting the existence of serious agency problem between the largest shareholder and the minor shareholders. This agency problem seems to be alleviated in KOSDAQ firms mainly because the founders with technology expertise are still in charge of the business. (3) Foreign investors seem to fail in effectively encouraging R&D expenditures in either KSE or KOSDAQ listed firms. This study contributes to the existing literature by showing for the first time that ownership structure affects R&D activities in different ways between KSE and KOSDAQ firms.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2020

This study examines the effect of financial reporting opacity and audit quality on stock price crash risk using listed firms in Japan. This study is the first research to examine the effect of financial reporting opacity on crash risk using a Japanese listed company. Furthermore, the effect of audit quality on crash risk is verified. High level auditors can mitigate crash risk by playing a role as a corporate governance device mechanism to reduce agency costs. We use a logistic regression and linear regression model to test whether financial reporting opacity and audit quality affect crash risk using listed firms in the Japanese stock exchange market during the fiscal years 2015 January through 2017 February. The results of this study suggest that the financial reporting opacity variable shows a positive relationship with CRASH, which states that a firm with more opaque financial reporting increases crash risk. The results suggest also that the firms audited by Big4 auditors experience less crash risk, implying that the audit quality in Japan can be one of the factors mitigating firm's crash risk. This study provides implications for financial reporting and audit quality to external stakeholders who wants to avoid losses.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.302-310
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• 2011

Recently, many construction firms fall on hard times because construction business continues to stagnate. In this paper, we analyze the efficiency of the listed construction firms using a combined AHP and DEA model. In order to determine the input and output factors of DEA, the AHP model is applied to evaluate the importance of input and output factors. The benchmarking companies and efficiency value for the construction firms with inefficiency are also provided to improve the their efficiency. We analyzed the 57 listed companies consisted of 36 listed on KOSPI and 21 listed on KOSDAQ at the end of 2009. The analysis results show that eleven companies whose values of CCR are 1, and fourteen enterprises whose values of BCC efficiency are 1. In additions, the eleven firms have the scalability efficiency. Finally, we test the correlation between efficiency and the stock price and the correlation coefficient of efficiency group is 0.7 in the CCR model.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.27-40
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• 2019

The study examines the effects of growth opportunities, debt maturity and liquidity risk on leverage, making use of a large panel of Chinese listed firms. Research on capital structure has broadened its scope from a single capital structure decision (the debt/equity choice) to various attributes of the debt in firms' capital structure. We use the system Generalized Method of Moments estimator to control for unobserved heterogeneity and the potential endogeneity of regressors. We find a negative relationship between growth opportunities and leverage. Further, we find that while the proportion of short-term debt attenuates the negative effect of growth opportunities on leverage, it negatively affects leverage as predicted by the liquidity risk hypothesis. When we distinguish between state owned firms and private controlled firms, we find evidence that these effects are only relevant to private controlled firms. However, our analysis indicates that the economic implication of liquidity risk effect is much lower for Chinese firms than that observed in the literature for US firms. Our study suggests that these differences can be explained by differences in the institutional environment in which firms operate. This finding related to Diamond's (1991) liquidity risk hypothesis extends our understanding of the relationship between liquidity risk and the debt maturity choice.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2021

Purpose - This study aims to examine whether family firm governance is related to long-term corporate survival. To find out whether and why family firms have higher chances of long-term survival compared to non family firms, this study analyzes the relationship between some governance characteristics that are prevalent in family firms and corporate long-term viability. Design/methodology/approach - This study utilizes a sample of 285 family firms listed on the Korea Stock Exchange (KSE) to probe the influence of governance characteristics on corporate survival. This study conducts Cox proportional hazard regression analysis to estimate the influences on the survival duration. Findings - The results indicate that firms with particular governance characteristics show higher long-term survivability. Specifically, the probability of firm's long-term survival is increased when the CEO is the largest shareholder, which may be related to CEO's stewardship attitudes. Research implications or Originality - This study has significance in that it examines the direct causal variables that enhance long-term corporate viability through a large scale empirical examination. Also, the study findings provide some clues as to why certain family firms outlive non-family firms.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find out the impact of financial leverage on firm's profitability in the listed textile sector of Bangladesh. Research design, data and methodology: A sample of 22 DSE listed textile firms has been used to conduct the study. In this study, firm profitability is measured by Return on Equity (ROE) and both short term debt and long term debt are used as the as proxies of financial leverage. Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effect (FE), and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models have been used to test the relationship between financial leverage and profitability of firms. Result: This study finds a significant negative relationship between leverage and firm's profitability using the Pooled OLS method. The result is also consistent with the fixed effect and GMM method. This result implies that firm's profitability is negatively affected by the firm's capital structure. Conclusion: The study concludes that maximum textile firms use external debt as a source of finance as they don't have sufficient internally generated funds. This study recommends that firm should give more emphasize on generating fund internally to meet up their financing needs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.213-221
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• 2021

The paper attempts to investigate the optimal capital structure of Vietnamese listed firms based on a structural approach. Using the data from around 70 companies in the Consumer Staples sector listed on the Vietnamese Stock Exchange during the period 2018-2020, this study finds that the optimal capital structure of examined companies has a wide range of diversification. This can be explained by the various types of actual products for each typical firm within the chosen sector. The result also confirms that a large proportion of researched firms were actually overleveraged, which is consistent with the trade-off hypothesis that firms wish to take tax advantages while using more debt, which creates the benefits from tax-shield. Furthermore, the research highlights the reversed correlation, which suggests that the lower the company's risk (the lower the sigma of the assets), the greater the optimal capital structure is suggested. Another interesting finding is that almost all consumer staples companies have a better optimal capital structure under the Leland and Toft (1996) model than under the Leland (1994) model. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation of optimal financial leverage ratio between years. In other words, the optimal debt levels of the latter year are strongly dependent on the gearing levels of the previous years.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.409-419
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• 2021

The study examines the effects of digital accounting on financial reporting quality, accounting information usefulness, and strategic decision effectiveness of listed firms in Thailand through digital transformation as the moderating variable. A total of 313 listed firms in Thailand were selected as the sample for the study. Structural equation model and multiple regression analysis are applied to test the research relationships. The results of the study show that digital accounting has a significant effect on financial reporting quality, accounting information usefulness, and strategic decision effectiveness. Financial reporting quality significantly affects both accounting information usefulness and strategic decision effectiveness while accounting information usefulness has a significant effect on strategic decision effectiveness. Both financial reporting quality and accounting information usefulness mediate the digital accounting-strategic decision effectiveness relationship. In addition, digital transformation moderates the digital accounting-financial reporting quality relationship and the digital accounting-accounting information usefulness relationship, but it does not moderate other relationships. Accordingly, digital accounting plays a significant role in determining and explaining firms' goal achievement. Executives are suggested to learn, invest and utilize the digital accounting system in the organization to ensure goal achievement and enhance organizational sustainability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2020

The study investigates a recent surge of cash literature by using a sample of hospitality firms to gain a new understanding of corporate cash holdings. Past literature states that there is a substantial variation of liquidity across industry groups. Existing literature predominantly refers to US-listed firms and focus on either hotels or restaurants and not the hospitality industry as a whole. Therefore, we provide a comparative study of cash holdings behaviour between hospitality and non-hospitality firms from an emerging market context. Using a sample of public listed hospitality firms from 2002 to 2013, dynamic panel regression techniques are used to study the relationships between firm characteristics and cash levels. Also, the non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was carried out to examine the time and sectoral differences in cash holdings. In addition, the panel regression techniques are used to investigate the relationships between firm characteristics and level of corporate cash holdings. The results reveal that firm characteristics do matter in hospitality firms. We find that firm size, capital expenditures, and liquid assets substitutes are negatively related to cash level. The results support trade-off theory and the pecking order theory. This study incrementally explains the cash holdings behaviour of hospitality firms in emerging market.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.305-315
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the difference in gender of top executives and corporate investment. In addition, this study also extends to how the sensitivity of investment to cash flow varies with the gender of leaders. Finally, the effect of the gender of leaders on firm investment is also tested across firm types (state firms vs. private firms and high-growth firms vs. low-growth firms). Based on the dataset of Vietnamese listed firms over 2007-2017, the fixed-effect model is used to test the hypotheses. The results show that women as chairs of the board tend to lower corporate investment, whereas the gender of CEOs (Chief Executive Officers) does not influence the investment level. Moreover, top female executives are associated with a decrease in the sensitivity of investment to cash flow. These regression results also show that top female executives only have an impact on the rate of investment in private and low-growth firms. The findings of this study are useful for the board of directors in selecting a chairperson in line with the firm's strategies. Furthermore, the findings of this study are also meaningful for policymakers who should monitor the separate role of the CEO and chair of the board in a company.