• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

본 연구에서는, 화합물의 액정 형성을 위한 메소젠기로써 콜레스테릴기를, 고체에서 액정상으로의 열 전이온도를 조절하기 위한 구조로써 알킬기를 포함하고 있는 콜레스테릭 액정 화합물인 콜레스테릴 4-n-알콕시벤조에이트 (Chol-n)를 합성하고, 이들 분자 내에 있는 알킬기의 탄소 사슬의 길이가 액정 화합물의 물성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 합성된 액정화합물의 화학 구조와 열적 성질 및 액정성은 적외선 분광분석 (FT-IR), $^1H$-핵자기공명 분광분석 ($^1H$-NMR), 시차주사열량분석 (DSC) 그리고 편광현미경 (POM)을 이용하여 조사되었다. 연구 결과에 의하면, 합성된 화합물들의 용융 전이온도 ($T_m$)는 $103{\sim}143^{\circ}C$였고, 화합물 Chol-6을 제외한 모든 화합물들은 약 $60{\sim}100^{\circ}C$의 넓은 액정상 온도 구간을 나타냈으며, 분자내의 탄소 원자 수와 화합물의 열적 성질 사이의 상관성은 발견할 수 없었다. 합성된 모든 화합물들은 양방성 콜레스테릭 액정상을 보였고, 화합물 Chol-6, 8, 9, 및 10은 카이랄 스멕틱 액정상을 동반하였다. 그리고, 모든 화합물들은 액정 상태에서, 온도가 높아질수록 붉은 색 계통에서 푸른 색 계통으로 색이 변하는, 열 변색 현상을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 1980

A study was made to clarify the topographical. and Physical characteristics of ginseng field in terms of soil science and to find the relationship between soil characteristics and ginseng growth, as well as yield of ginseng roots Forty nine farmer's red ginseng field of ginseng growing area were chosen for this study and investigated for two years. The results obtained were as follow. 1. Ginseng fie1ds with high yield which represent the more than 1.8kg of ginseng root per 3.2m2 were found in soil series of Bancheon, Yeongog, Weongog, etc. whose texture were the clay loam to clay soil. On the other hand, ginseng field with low yield were observed in soil series of seogto whose texture was loamy soil with high content of gravels. 2 Soil of ginseng field with high yield had higher content of clay. silt soil moisture and soil pore as compared with soils of low yields. These soil characteristics were positively correlated with stem length stem diameter and root weight of ginseng plsnt and negatively correlated with rate of missing plant 3. The adequate ranges of soil 3 phase from high yield ginseng field were 40 to 50% of solid Phase, 22 to 35% of liquid phase, 25 to 35% of gaseous phase in top soil and 45 to 55% of solid phase. 28 to 30% of liquid phase. 15 to 20% of gaseous phase in subsoil respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.3444-3450
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• 2013

Three phase hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), which is faster, simpler and uses a more environmentally friendly sample-preparation technique, was developed for the analysis of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in human urine. For the effective simultaneous extraction/concentration of NSAIDs by three phase HF-LPME, parameters (such as extraction organic solvent, pH of donor/acceptor phase, stirring speed, salting-out effect, sample temperature, and extraction time) which influence the extraction efficiency were optimized. NSAIDs were extracted and concentrated from 4 mL of aqueous solution at pH 3 (donor phase) into dihexyl ether immobilized in the wall pores of a porous hollow fiber, and then extracted into the acceptor phase at pH 13 located in the lumen of the hollow fiber. After the extraction, 5 ${\mu}L$ of the acceptor phase was directly injected into the HPLC/UV system. Simultaneous chromatographic separation of seven NSAIDs was achieved on an Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 mm i.d. ${\times}$ 150 mm length, 5 ${\mu}m$ particle size) column using isocratic elution with 0.1% formic acid and methanol (30:70) at a HPLC-UV/Vis system. Under optimized conditions (extraction solvent, dihexyl ether; $pH_{donor}$, 3; $pH_{acceptor}$, 13; stirring speed, 1500 rpm; NaCl salt, 10%; sample temperature, $60^{\circ}C$; and extraction time, 45 min), enrichment factors (EF) were between 59 and 260. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in the spiked urine matrix were in the concentration range of 5-15 ng/mL and 15-45 ng/mL, respectively. The relative recovery and precision obtained were between 58 and 136% and below 15.7% RSD, respectively. The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.015-0.96 ng/mL with the square of the correlation coefficient being more than 0.997. The established method can be used to analyse of NSAIDs of low concentration (ng/mL) in urine.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.571-574
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• 2003

Three ring type liquid crystalline compounds having 4-alklycyclohexyl group, 1,2-difluorobenzene and phenylisothiocyanate moieties as main skeleton were designed to have negative dielectricity. However, the compounds with 2,3,2'-trifluoro-3'-isothiocyanated biphenylcyclohexane core did not exhibit the nematic liquid crystalline phase because of two conformers by interaction of isothiocyanate and adjacent fluorine atoms. Also, 4-alkyl-2,2',3'-trifluoro-3-isothiocyanated biphenylcyclohexane core was designed expecting to have uniform conformers of isothiocyanate group. In the course of developing polyimides for VA mode LCD, we synthesized alkyl-3,5-diaminobenzene efficiently with various length of alkyl chains from commercially available di-t-butyl malonate and 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride as starting material.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.235-247
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• 2020

Sulfur-Iodine cycle (SI cycle)은 요오드와 황을 첨가하여 최종적으로 물을 열화학적으로 분해하여 산소와 수소를 생산하는 공정으로 황산분해, 요오드화 수소 분해, 분젠반응 등 세가지 반응들로 이루어져 있다. 분젠 반응은 두가지 공정 중간에 존재하므로 두 반응에 필요한 화학물을 조달하는 역할로 이에 대한 상분리 및 반응기에 대한 분석이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 50 L/hr 수소를 생산하는 pilot scale의 Sulfur-Iodine Cycle 중 분젠 공정에 대한 모사, 민감도 분석, 민감도 분석을 토대로한 각각 상분리기와 분젠 반응기에 대한 최적 조건을 제시하였다. 열역학 물성치의 계산을 위해 Electrolyte Non-Random Two Liquid (ELECNRTL) model 사용하였다. 모델에 대한 신뢰도 확보를 위해서 실제 pilot scale의 공정 데이터와 검증을 수행하였다. 반응기의 종류를 선정하기 위해 Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)과 Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) 동일한 온도 및 부피 변화에서 SO₂ 전환율을 비교하였다. 상분리기 선정을 위해 3상 분리 시스템(기체-액체-액체)과 액체-기체 분리 후 액체-액체 구조에서 H₂SO₄ 상과 HI_X 상에서의 불순물들을 비교하였다. PFR에서 온도, 지름, 길이를 결정 변수로 SO₂ 전환율을 최대화 하기 위한 최적화를 수행하였는데, 온도 121 ℃와 PFR의 지름이 0.20 m 및 길이 7.6 m 일 때 SO₂ 전환율이 98% 최적 결과임을 확인하였다. 기존 pilot scale과 동일한 운전 조건 하에 PFR의 지름 3/8 inch, 길이 3.0 m, 120 ℃ 일 때 인입 몰량인 I₂ 및 H₂O를 결정 변수로 SO₂ 전환율에 대한 최적화를 수행하였을 때, SO₂ 전환율이 10% 일때 H₂O 및 I₂ 의 인입 몰량은 각각 17%와 22%로 감소하였다. 앞선 조업 조건 최적화 조건 (121 ℃, 지름 0.20 m, 길이: 7.6 m) 경우에는 SO₂ 전환율이 98% 일 때 H₂O가 1% 그리고 I₂가 7% 감소하였다. 상분리기에서 HI_X 상내 H₂SO₄ 최소화하는 목적함수에서 그에 상응하는 온도, I₂와 H₂O를 결정 변수로 설정하였을 때, H₂O 몰량이 기존공정보다 17% 감소하고 I₂ 몰량이 24% 감소하였을 때 최소 불순물이 생성하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1419-1426
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• 2002

An experimental study was made to elucidate critical heat flux(CHF) characteristics in a two-phase concentric-tube thermosyphon. The experiment was performed by using saturated water, over the experimental range of configuration: inner diameter of heated outer tube D=12mm, outer diameter of unheated inner tube do=3 to 10mm and heated tube length L=100 to 1000mm. The experiment shows that the CHF is enhanced with increase in the inner tube diameter, and that the CHF decreases beyond a certain diameter of the inner tube. There is an optimum diameter for inner tube that maximizes the CHF, for each tube length and test liquid. The CHF maximum is about two to eight times as large as that without an inner tube. For a large inner tube, the CHF characteristics is similar to that for natural convective boiling in a vertical annular tube.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.1882-1887
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• 2007

In the present experimental study, the effect of interfacial tensions on pressure drop of air-water two-phase flow in round mini-channels was investigated. A glass (highly wettable) tube and a Teflon (poorly wettable) tube, both in 350 mm length but 1.8 mm and 1.59 mm in inner diameters each, were used for the tests. All the experiments were performed only in the plug flow regime, confirmed by visualization. In the glass tube, the gas plugs were surrounded by the liquid film along the inner periphery. On the other hand, the inner wall remained dry at the gas portion in the Teflon tube. The pressure drop of the plug flow in the Teflon tube without the liquid film) appeared much larger than in the glass tube (with the liquid film) due to dissipation of energy by movement of the wetting lines. In this paper, various correlations on the two-phase pressure drop of plug flows were compared and a modified correlation was proposed, taking account of the surface wettability.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2019년도 춘계학술논문요약집
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• pp.291-292
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• 2019

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2003

A mathematical model is presented to predict the two-phase flow and heat transfer phenomena of the evaporating extended meniscus region in a micro-channel. The pressure difference at the liquid-vapor interface can be obtained by the augmented Laplace-Young equation. The correlative equations for film thickness, pressure, and velocity in the meniscus region are derived by applying the mass, momentum, and energy equations into the control volume. The results show that increasing the heat flux and the liquid inlet velocity cause the length and liquid film thickness of the extended meniscus region to decrease. The variation, however, of the heat flux and liquid inlet velocity has no effect on the profile of film thickness. The majority of heat is transferred through the thin film region that is a very small region in the extended meniscus region. It is also found that the vapor velocity increases gradually in the meniscus region. However, it increases sharply at the junction of the meniscus and thin film regions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2000

A series of new liquid crystalline dimesogenic compounds with chiral tails was synthesized, and their thermal and liquid crystalline properties were studied. The chain length of the central polymethylene spacers (x) was varied from dimethylene (2) to decamethylene (12). These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and cross-polarizing microscopy. All compounds were found to be enantiotropically liquid crystalline, and the values of melting ($T_m$) and isotropization temperature ($T_i$) as well as enthalpy change (Δ$H_i$) and entropy change for isotropization (Δ$S_i$) decreased in a zig-zag fashion revealing the so-called odd-even effect as x increases. Their mesomorphic properties fall into three categories depending upon x; (a) compounds with x=2 and 4 formed two different mesophases, smectic and cholesteric phases in that order on heating, and vice versa on cooling, (b) compounds with x=3, 7, 8, 10 and 11 reversibly formed only the cholesteric phase, and (c) compounds with x=5, 6, 9 and 12 exhibited only a cholesteric phase on heating, whereas on cooling they formed two different mesophases, cholesteric and smectic phases, sequentially.